An Examination of the Reliability,Data Screening Procedures,and Extreme Response Patterns for the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey

Abstract

This article explores psychometric characteristics of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBS), one of the most widely used instruments to assess the prevalence of violent and other high-risk behaviors in secondary school settings. Response patterns were analyzed for a subset of 414 youths who indicated that they had carried a weapon to school six or more times during the preceding 30 days, and were compared to a matched sample of youths randomly selected from the 13,610 participants in the 2001 national administration of the YRBS. Results indicated that extreme responders to the weapon-carrying item were considerably more likely than their counterparts to respond in an extreme fashion to all YRBS items, including risk items pertaining to school (e.g., physical fights on school property) and outside school (e.g., alcohol consumption) factors, as well as positive health behaviors (e.g., healthy eating habits). Overall, the results suggest an ex-treme response bias among some participants that may impact the validity of the YRBS instrument. More specifically, presence of this response bias may inflate estimates of the prevalence of school violence and related concerns. These findings are discussed in light of the need to carefully examine individual response patterns on future administrations of the YRBS in an effort to ensure maximum instrument utility.     

Perceptions of Risk Factors for School Violence

Abstract

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI, 2000) recently released a report on common background characteristics of school shooters, which also stressed the importance of evaluating the reality of threat. The present study evaluated respondents' ability to discriminate between an unrealistic and a realistic threat and between a low and high risk level based on the FBI's background profile characteristics as well as to determine attitudes about whether some intervention was necessary. Respondents completed one of four randomly distributed vignettes, which differed in a 2 × 2 design (high vs. low background risk × realistic vs. unrealistic threat). These vignettes described a student who made a threatening statement regarding a teacher. Respondents then rated the student' level of risk for violence and indicated the degree to which they would intervene. Results revealed that, in keeping with the FBI guidelines, both reality of threat and background risk characteristics significantly influenced respondents' perceived risk for violence and need to intervene. Implications for educational settings and future research are discussed.     

Student Willingness to Seek Help for Threats of Violence in Middle School

Abstract

This study examined factors that influence a student's willingness to seek help for a threat of violence. The sample consisted of 542 middle school students who completed an anonymous survey that asked students how likely they would be to seek help in response to being bullied or threatened. The survey also included measures of type of bullying, attitudes toward aggressive behavior, and perceptions of teacher tolerance for bullying. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that willingness to seek help is lower in higher grade levels and among males. Students who hold aggressive attitudes and perceive the school climate to be tolerant of bullying were less likely to report a willingness to seek help. Implications for improving student willingness to seek help are discussed.     

Fear of School Violence and the Ameliorative Effects of Student Social Capital

Abstract

Data from the Canadian National Survey of Children and Youth are employed in order to investigate hypotheses regarding the relationships between students' social connections and their feelings of vulnerability to criminal danger. The analysis is preceded by a review of the research relating to school fear and social capital. Findings point to the importance of the social capital inhered in the students' relationship with parents, friends, and teachers as well as their own personality characteristics. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the broader theoretical and policy implications which emerge from this analysis.     

刍议大学生科研能力培养与综合素质的提高

大学生参加科研实践是培养高素质、高质量人才的重要手段和有效途径,其作用和意义在高等教育阶段应得到充分认识和重视。本文着重从学习能力的增强、创新能力的培养和综合素养的全面提升三个方面,探讨大学生科研能力培养对提高大学生综合素质的重要作用。     

大数据视域下我国暴恐犯罪侦查治理研究

暴恐犯罪作为当前影响社会公共安全最为突出的犯罪活动之一,需要我们从经济、宗教、民族、外来势力和科技发展等方面分析其特点和发展趋势,在此基础上充分运用大数据时代海量的数据资源、先进的数据技术、创新的数据思维,充分发挥群众工作和各部门各行业齐抓共管的优势,全方位、多层次地实现暴恐犯罪侦查治理的数据化、精准化、科学化、系统化。     

Methodological and Measurement Issues in School Violence Research

SUMMARY

School violence became a topic of broad national concern in the United States in reaction to a series of tragic school shootings during the 1990s. Efforts to understand and prevent school shootings have stimulated the rapid development of a broader interest in school safety with an emerging multidisciplinary research agenda. The maturation and fulfillment of this research agenda require that researchers critically examine their research methods and measurement strategies. This article introduces a volume that examines fundamental methodological and measurement issues in the rapidly expanding body of research on school safety and violence. The authors hope to stimulate greater attention to methodological pitfalls and critical measurement issues that hinder research progress in several related areas, including the uncertain reliability and validity of self-report surveys used to measure high-risk behavior and bullying, the limitations of discipline referral databases as a source of information on school climate, and the overly narrow focus on relatively infrequent critical incidents of violence, often at the expense of a more comprehensive and multifactorial examination of the school environment.     

性别特质、身体实践与健康风险行为

健康风险行为是建构性别身份认同的重要方面,其中包含着不同性别特质的身体实践。在女性特质的实践中,女性的身体是被视为有缺陷并需要经过现代医疗技术的改造而与健康风险发生关联的;在男性特质的实践中,男性的身体是被视为优越于女性并需要不断以伤害自己的方式来展演其自身的优越性而与健康风险发生关联的。文章认为,在以男性为中心的社会中,不仅女性的身体面临极大的风险,男性的身体同样也是这种性别秩序的牺牲品。     

浅论图书馆员的素质和能力培养

本文阐述了现阶段我国图书馆员的素质和能力的现状,并对图书馆员应掌握的知识范围进行了分析和探讨,指出了提高图书馆员素质和能力的基本途径。     

公安民警口才训练之心理素质训练

心理素质是指一个人的思想、观念、情感、意志的修养和能力,是先天遗传和后天教育的综合。文章对自信意识、思维和听知能力训练的意义、目的、方法进行了详细的阐述,并且认为良好的心理素质对公安民警的口才训练具有很大的促进作用,它不仅是公安民警完成口才训练的基本保证,也可以提高口才训练的效益。同时,它还可以充分发挥公安民警在口才训练方面的潜能。     

公安教育训练中的政治素质教育初探

通过对公安工作性质和职能的历史考察和现实分析,得出：公安民警只有具备了一定的政治素养,才能完成历史使命,从理论上对公安民警政治素质的支配性＼阶级性和可塑性等特点的分析,进一步看到政治素质是公安民警最重要的素质,它影响其他素质的形成和发挥。政治素质养成教育是重中之重,政治理论教育是政治素质养成的基础,营造大的政治环境是政治素质养成的外在条件,更为重要的是用政治考核的方式来督促政治素质的养成。     

在刑侦实训课中培养学员的职业素质

公安教育的改革重点,要在公安专业实训课方面进行深层次的强化。针对刑侦专业实训课教学．应从制定教官任职标准,或从实践单位招聘教官轮流任教开始,教学对象应因材施教,教法灵活,在进行刑侦专业实训课教学的同时,注重学员个性特点,加强他们的职业素质培养,激发学员的创新思维。摘要：公安教育的改革重点,要在公安专业实训课方面进行深层次的强化。针对刑侦专业实训课教学．应从制定教官任职标准,或从实践单位招聘教官轮流任教开始,教学对象应因材施教,教法灵活,在进行刑侦专业实训课教学的同时,注重学员个性特点,加强他们的职业素质培养,激发学员的创新思维。     

大数据时代网络社交平台风险治理的国际政策比较与启示

随着社交网络的不断发展,网络社交平台在给用户带来便利的同时,其安全威胁也随之凸显。脸书泄密门等事件已显现出大数据时代网络社交平台风险的新向度,加强网络社交平台风险治理已经引起世界各国的普遍重视。在此背景下,本文通过研究世界主要国家网络社交平台治理的相关政策法规、机构设置及其治理实践,发现各国均注重网络社交平台的监管立法,并设立专门的机构负责网络社交平台监管,同时也引导网络社交平台自治、鼓励多主体共同监管。目前,我国网络社交平台的法律监管体系有待完善,多主体治理机制尚不成熟,存在较大的网络社交平台风险问题。可能的应对策略包括:进一步完善网络社交平台监管法律体系,推进技术手段的深入运用,加强政府引导,鼓励多主体参与,注重培养网络社交平台自治和用户自律意识等。     

深化教学改革提高办学质量努力做好培训工作

面对时代发展的新要求 ,社会主义学院必须以江泽民同志“三个代表”重要思想为指导 ,坚持与时俱进 ,开拓创新 ,进一步加大教学改革力度 ,改革教学内容 ,突出针对性和实用性 ;改革教学方法 ,突出多样性和趣味性 ;改革教学管理 ,突出群众性和规范性。从而不断提高办学质量 ,为培养高素质的统一战线两支干部队伍多做贡献     

试论新世纪参政党领导干部素质的培养与提高

在新世纪,提高参政党领导干部素质,是坚持和完善中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度的需要,是推动社会主义"三个文明"建设协调发展的需要,是搞好政治交接的需要.因此,参政党领导干部要注重自身素质的培养与提高,执政党要高度重视、真诚帮助参政党领导干部提高素质,参政党要努力做好提高其领导干部素质的工作.     

论提升基层民警教育培训质量的措施

公安部已经将民警教育培训制度化,但是,民警培训在实际工作中仍存在许多问题,培训时间和培训质量难以保证。公安工作内容日新月异,培训教师应更新教学理念,培训内容应该理论联系实际,力争解决民警工作中的困惑,以求达成理想的培训效果。     

Role of School Psychologists in Violence Prevention and Intervention

Abstract

Kansas school psychologists were extremely accurate in their estimates of violence in their own schools and viewed school violence prevention as an important part of their job, regardless of the rates of violence in their districts. Most had at least some involvement in their own school's violence prevention program, although many reported that they had little or no training. Despite the fact that the majority of respondents work in districts with relatively low rates of violence, over half reported that fighting, bullying, and substance abuse, early warning signs of school violence, occur a lot or a fair amount in their districts.     

数字化时代图书馆员素质与优秀传统文化精神

数字化时代,图书馆员素质必须得到全面协调发展.在馆员素质培养中,敬业、仁爱、奉献、进取、协作等优秀传统文化精神仍然具有积极的现实意义,应该继承和弘扬.     

论公安教育实训质量评价体系的构建

本文从阐释公安教育实训质量内涵出发，指出公安教育实训质量评价意义，在分析当前公安实训现状后，明确指出公安教育实训质量评价体系存在的问题，并结合当前公安教育的前沿热点问题，提出构建公安教育实训质量评价体系的合理化建议，以推动公安机关部门教育实训质量评价体系的构建。     

An Examination of School Violence and Safety in South Florida Elementary Schools

Abstract

This study examined conditions of safety and violence in South Florida elementary schools. Although conditions were generally considered safe in these schools, approximately one-half of the elementary school students in the study did express some concerns about their safety, especially in school bathrooms and the area outside of their school building. Students who do not have positive relationships with other students at school and do not feel safe in their community generally feel less safe at school. In addition, students who are experiencing academic difficulty in school and do not expect to attain an education beyond high school feel less safe at school. In this study, those students who felt less safe also tended to be male and from lower SES back grounds.