A Community Service for a Rural High School

Abstract

This case study illustrates a preventive consultation using the ecological paradigm to guide entry, assessment, problem solving, and collaborative intervention design and implementation in a rural high school which initially had serious reservations about working with urban academicians. The ecological paradigm's emphasis on the identification of resources, on collaborative work with community members, and on developing tailored solutions based on the strengths of the setting are discussed. A four year follow-up describing the long-term outcome and commentary from a key setting member are included.     

高职院校与社区共同推进高职生道德教育

在我国城乡社区化进程中,高职院校与社区共同推进高职生道德教育,能更好地促进学生品德发展和人格完善。凸显职校与社区和谐德育的优势在于整体构建、系统推进、互动参与。社区对高职生品德发展的影响主要是通过社区服务学习、德育资源享用等实践策略来实现的。需要整合社区德育资源,彰显职校德育特色。     

我国人力资源市场中介服务机构信息监测的特点与发展

人力资源市场中介服务机构信息监测是政府部门的重要职责。本文阐述了人力资源市场中介服务机构信息监测的基本特点;从信息监测的内容体系、运行机制、保障机制等三个方面,分析了目前我国人力资源市场中介服务机构信息监测存在的主要问题;从加强信息监测主体能力建设、完善信息监测内容体系、完善信息采集机制、健全信息发布机制、优化信息监测保障机制等五个方面,提出了加强我国人力资源市场中介服务机构信息监测的思路对策。     

论社区警务改革战略

随着城市建设发展的不断深入 ,社区警务工作对抑制和预防犯罪的作用愈加明显。应该明确社区警务改革的必要性 ,建立与新型社区管理体制相适应的社区警务机制。通过调整民警结构挖掘警力资源 ,规范民警职责 ,协调警种职能 ,完善运行机制 ,健全保障措施 ,增强警务成本意识 ,提高公安民警整体素质 ,从而促进社区警务改革顺利进行。     

对创建对创建“三元一体”城市社区管理目标的思考

城市社区管理和发展的真正基础是把社区建设成承接政府社会管理服务职能,企事业单位及其他部门基础保障功能社会化的动态发展载体。创建"三元一体"的城市社区管理目标,就是建设这样的发展载体,其中的三元,即政府、社区和社区民间组织,分别承担着一定的角色,协同推动社区管理的发展。     

空间重构:老旧小区社区营造的治理逻辑

空间是理解城市诸问题的核心,近年来城市治理理论和实务方面的"空间转向"愈加明显。随着我国城市化程度不断加深,城市逐渐进入从外延式扩张转向以城市更新和精细化管理为代表的"内涵式治理"新阶段。社区营造作为一种新的治理模式逐渐兴起,并成为创新社区社会治理的重要途径。社区营造事实上是以居民需求为核心的生活逻辑主导,通过社区公共空间再造、公共交往再造、居民参与方式再造、社区治理模式再造等实现整个社区再造的一种新型城市社区治理模式。所体现的治理逻辑在于,通过社区空间的重构,破解以空间为基底而衍生的众多社区治理问题,实现社区的再造以及社区共同体精神的再生产。     

The urban context: a place to eliminate health disparities and build organizational capacity

This study seeks to examine the process of building the capacity to address health disparities in several urban African American neighborhoods. An inter-organizational network consisting of a research university, community members, community organizations, media partners, and foundations was formed to develop a community-based intervention designed to provide health promotion and disease prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes and hypertension. In-depth qualitative interviews (n = 18) with foundation executives and project directors, civic organization leadership, community leaders, county epidemiologist, and university partners were conducted. Our study contextualizes a process to build a public health partnership using cultural, community, organizational, and societal factors necessary to address health disparities. Results showed 5 important factors to build organizational capacity: leadership, institutional commitment, trust, credibility, and inter-organizational networks. These factors reflected other important organizational and community capacity indicators such as: community context, organizational policies, practices and structures, and the establishment of new commitments and partnerships important to comprehensively address urban health disparities. Understanding these factors to address African American health disparities will provide lessons learned for health educators, researchers, practitioners, foundations, and communities interested in building and sustaining capacity efforts through the design, implementation, and maintenance of a community-based health promotion intervention.     

PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH WITH VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND THE RISKY ART OF PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION

The Vermont Vulnerable Child Development Project is presented as an example of community based preventive intervention research employing multiple control groups and prospective epidemiology. Discussion emphasizes both methodological issues and the pragmatics involved in choosing to use community institutions in order to study preventive interventions for very young multi-risk children living with their mentally disturbed parents. Further, a rationale is provided for anticipating and coping with the political, sociological and personality conflicts which are probably inescapable in this type of mental health research.     

城市民族工作社会化与多元复合型社会管理体制的构建

面对城市化带来的社会压力,中国各大城市在发挥社区组织、民族社团协调族际关系、有效整合社会政治资源方面创造出许多宝贵经验,这些制度创新可被简单归结为"多元复合型的社会管理体制",这种多元主体参与的社会联动模式有利于复杂民族事务的管理,符合现代城市治理的发展趋势。     

Safe Schools,Positive Behavior Supports,and Mental Health Supports

Abstract

This article profiles selected Safe Schools/Healthy Students (SS/HS) interventions in three Oregon communities that have completed Safe Schools/Healthy Students projects, representing a substantial investment in building school and community collaborations, expanding positive behavior supports in schools, and establishing school-based mental health services. The University of Oregon Institute on Violence and Destructive Behavior served as the local evaluator for these projects. Although the scope of each project encompassed the six intervention elements required by the federal funding agencies, we focus on lessons learned from select components of the projects: Positive Behavior Supports in Schools, Mental Health Service integration, and Sustainability. This article describes the methods and outcomes of each component, from project startup to summative analysis of the outcomes. We conclude with our observations and recommendations for research and evaluation methodology and implementing future SS/HS projects.     

Helping organizations help others: organization development as a facilitator of social change

This article explores organization development (OD) interventions and their likelihood of increasing social change outcomes in public agencies. The central argument of this work is that public and nonprofit organizations can deliver better social outcomes by systematically engaging in OD interventions. An in-depth survey was conducted in 3 agencies of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania at the end of the gubernatorial administration of Tom Ridge (1995-2002). During his administration, Governor Ridge led the agencies of Pennsylvania government through a large-scale change effort to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery to the citizens of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The change effort was a remarkable event for the Commonwealth because no other governor in the history of the state had attempted to conceptualize and deliver a comprehensive large-scale change management initiative. The successes and setbacks served as a fertile context to shed light on the following research question: Do OD interventions increase the likelihood that public organizations will deliver better social outcomes? This question is important in that public organizations may need to engage in organization development activities to improve their internal operations, which in turn may help them provide exemplary social outcomes to those whom they serve. In short, organization development interventions might allow public organizations to help themselves to help others.     

Influence of Family,Agency, and Caseworker Dynamics on Caregivers' Satisfaction With Their Child Protective Services Experience

Numerous child protective services (CPS) agencies have adopted differential responses as a system reform hypothesized to facilitate family engagement. This research tests a conceptual framework developed to examine dynamics between caregiver, agency, and caseworker factors that are assumed to impact caregiver engagement. Data from a randomized control study and structural equation modeling methods were used to explore the influence of these factors on caregiver satisfaction with their CPS experience. The results indicate that receipt of alternative response, caregivers' ratings of their caseworker's interaction style, and caregivers' positive emotional response influenced satisfaction with their intervention experience, while negative emotional responses did not.     

An Analysis of Interagency Communication Patterns Surrounding Incidents of School Crime

Abstract

Need has been recognized for communication and collaboration between the multiple agencies that respond to school crime, but the topic has not been well researched. This study is based on interviews with officials from middle and high schools as well as with police and other juvenile justice officials. Officials in rural, suburban, and urban communities were interviewed about interagency communication and interaction patterns in response to school crime. Findings revealed considerable interagency collaboration in the rural community, some communication in the suburban area, and minimal interaction in the urban setting. Communication between agencies was enhanced and inhibited by cultural, bureaucratic, and individual level factors. Implications are discussed for assessing and improving interagency collaboration.     

Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships in State Child Welfare Systems: Results of a Multi-State Strategic Planning Process

Dramatic growth in health and human service contracting over the past two decades has increased the need for managerial competency in the development and sustainment of effective cross-sector partnerships. Although the quality of relations between partnering agencies can affect client outcomes, few macro-level interventions for strengthening cross-sector partnerships have been described or tested in the literature. This article describes a facilitated, strategic planning process implemented in five different states and presents pre-post test results of its effect on different factors known to affect partnership success. Implications for child welfare administrative practice and research are discussed.     

Alcohol and Other Drug Problems in Older Adults

SUMMARY

While there is considerable awareness and knowledge on the part of the health and human service community on the problems of the misuse and abuse of alcohol and other drugs in the general population, this unfortunately often does not extend to older adults, those who are 60+. Problems with alcohol and other drugs in older persons is in itself not a sudden crisis or new problem. However, as with any health problem affecting a specific demographic group, when the problem is not recognized and appropriately dealt with the repercussions pose greater risks for the individuals with the problem as well as for the larger community. This is particularly true in regard to older adults where natural physical changes and increased age related health risks can only be exacerbated by the misuse and abuse of substances.     

妇女和发展的范式:全球性与地方性的实践张力——基于中国和坦桑尼亚实践的反思

妇女和发展的范式是西方女性主义与发展主义在建构和实践中结合而形成的,是针对发展中国家在发展中赋权的理论体系和实践框架。这一范式本身对于充分发挥妇女的能动性、提升妇女的地位有着积极的意义,但由于其在本质上存在着西方女性主义思潮和发展主义的建构性,虽然针对了发展中国家妇女的现实,但在不同的发展社会文化语境下依然出现了一系列实践困境。在中国和非洲坦桑尼亚的实践显示了这一框架与当地社会文化可能产生的不适应性。在中国,应用妇女和发展范式的干预在技术层面出现了不适应性,在结果上出现了"机会和福利异化"的现象;而在坦桑尼亚推广非国际主流妇女和发展范式的中国玉米密植增产项目,却使当地妇女提升了收入,产生了"逆向赋权"现象。这都显示出妇女和发展范式遭遇到发展中国家性别社会关系的复杂性景观。     

中心城区文明社区建设浅析

文明社区建设在现代中心城区中的重要地位日益被人们所认同.无论从理论方面,还是从实际方面,文明社区建设都将深化对精神文明建设重要性的认识.要积极构建以街道办事处为依托、以相关职能部门为纵轴、以各公共户单位为网络、以辖区群众为纽结的文明社区建设的框架体系,探索权责保障、活动运行、目标考核、舆论引导等文明社区建设的运作机制.     

A Grounded Theory Study of Collaboration in Multidisciplinary Teams

The multidisciplinary team response to child abuse emerged during the 1980s as increasing numbers of reports brought recognition that one agency alone lacked the expertise and resources to effectively deal with this complex issue. Using constructivist grounded theory, we interviewed a diverse sample of frontline team members about how they perceived collaboration and working with representatives from different agencies responsible for child abuse investigations. The study revealed how team members rely upon relationships built over time through shared experiences to facilitate communication and information sharing. Findings suggest multidisciplinary team members face challenges and collaborative relationships may mitigate these circumstances.