论司法和谐的困境与前景：从法社会学角度

本文从司法和谐的基本内容入手,论述了在当代我国经济、政治、社会全面发展的背景下,实现司法和谐的现实困境,即＂特权文化＂心理促使人们追求逃避法规的特权,泛行政化的权力结构不利于实现司法公正,社会利益冲突加剧使司法和谐变得困难,社会价值多元化让司法活动受到更多拷问,从法社会学角度展望了我国＂司法和谐＂的前景。     

The Good and Bad of Social Change: Ambivalence Toward Activist Groups

Inherent to any substantive social change is the disruption of the status quo. To the extent that individuals are motivated to preserve the current social system (e.g., Jost & Banaji, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1–27, 1994), even social change in pursuit of positive goals might evoke ambivalent reactions. Although activist groups might elicit positivity because they are assumed to have positive qualities and they seek positive goals, they might evoke negativity because their actions disrupt the current social system. These experiments examined two different forms of disruption of the status quo. In Experiment 1, a group gaining power elicited greater ambivalence than a group losing power, regardless of the valence of the group’s goal. Importantly, the conditions that evoked ambivalence did not inhibit behavioral support. Experiment 2 found that a new group elicited more ambivalence than an established group when pursuing a positive goal. Consistent with theories emphasizing maintenance of the status quo, these findings demonstrate that attitudes toward activist groups do not derive solely from self-interest.

To Wonderland Through the Looking-glass: Conceiving a Critical Legal Argument for Contractual Justice in the South African Law of Contract †

The aim of this paper is to identify the possible substructure (looking glass/es) of a critical legal argument for contractual justice (Wonderland) in the South African law of contract. South African contract law still fails, ten years after the constitutional transformation, to reflect the constitutional ideals of freedom, equality and human dignity in an acceptable manner. I argue that this disposition places a question mark over the legitimacy of contract law and marginalizes opportunities for the social change envisaged by the Constitution. The paper explores Duncan Kennedy’s Form and Substance-argument and indicates that the reluctance to accommodate these values may be attributable to the fact that the majority of role-players position themselves on the individualism/rules side of Kennedy’s continuum – a paradigm that perceives the law of contract as a body of positivistic rules to be applied neutrally and regardless of the social or socio-economic distortions its application may generate. In an attempt to move away from this traditional approach, the privileged paradigm is criticised. A typical CLS-approach is followed which employs sociology, psychological jurisprudence and game theory to criticise the law from outside the restrictive realms of law itself. Simultaneously, I attempt to illuminate the argument for a shift (step through the looking glass) to another paradigm. I conclude that our judiciary finds itself in a position similar to that of Plato’s prisoners in the cave and will not reach the point where they apply relevant (constitutional) values directly to contractual disputes. The State is thus responsible for infusing contract law with contractual justice, by implementing legislation to this effect in order to limit the hegemonic consequences of the judiciary’s obsession with freedom of contract and utopian rules, which fail in reality to further the ideal of justice. Paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, 4 September 2004, London, UK. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Judge of Appeal, Mr. Justice P.J. Olivier. The paper is based on research conducted for the thesis in partial fulfilment of the degree LLD in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria under the title ‘A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African law of contract.’ The degree supervisor is Professor Karin van Marle in the Department of Legal History, Comparative Law and Jurisprudence. The author wishes to thank the following persons for valuable deliberations and input: Karin van Marle, Graham Bradfield and Anashri Pillay. In addition, the author wishes to acknowledge and thank the University of Cape Town for financially supporting this research. †Paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, 4 September 2004, London, UK. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Judge of Appeal, Mr. Justice P.J. Olivier. The paper is based on research conducted for the thesis in partial fulfilment of the degree LLD in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria under the title ‘A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African law of contract.’ The degree supervisor is Professor Karin van Marle in the Department of Legal History, Comparative Law and Jurisprudence. The author wishes to thank the following persons for valuable deliberations and input: Karin van Marle, Graham Bradfield and Anashri Pillay. In addition, the author wishes to acknowledge and thank the University of Cape Town for financially supporting this research. apply relevant (constitutional) values directly to contractual disputes. The State is thus responsible for infusing contract law with contractual justice, by implementing legislation to this effect in order to limit the hegemonic consequences of the judiciary’s obsession with freedom of contract and utopian rules, which fail in reality to further the ideal of justice.     

刑法社会学分析的对象及其意义

刑法是一种法律社会现象 ,刑法社会学以刑法与社会之间的关系为研究对象 ,在我国用社会学方法研究刑法与社会之间的关系 ,能开拓刑法学研究的新领域、更新刑法学研究方法 ,并具有重要的实践价值。     

社区法治在法治进程中的价值

社区法治既是国家法治建设全局中的重要领域,又是能够催生和促进法治的新生社会空间,社区产生发展的历史背景、社区自身的特点属性、以及社区法治化社会实践,都带有法治社会建设"试验田"、"示范区"和"战略区"的特征和功能。     

程序正义论——一种法社会学的反思

本文旨在从社会学的视角分析论证程序正义在我国的可适用性问题。通过分析程序正义在我国的价值,及对社会现状的剖析,揭示程序正义的形成障碍,进而对存在的问题探索较为稳妥的解决,建构了程序正义从观念到制度的立体体系。     

新中华法系的诞生?--从三大法系到东亚共同体法

中华法系曾以其独特性屹立于世界法系之林,虽然它在清末就基本解体了,但它数千年积淀下来的法律传统和观念,对东亚诸国的影响仍是深刻的.近年来,在新的时代背景下,既反映西方法律传统,又符合东亚诸国利益及其历史文化传统的东亚共同体法开始形成.新世纪的东亚共同体法是一种全新的法律体系,不能将其简单地看作中华法系的复兴,它是中华法系死亡之后,在更高层面上的一种再生,在某种意义上,我们可以将其称为新中华法系.     

法教义学的基本功能:从刑法学视域的思考

中国法学界系统地研究法教义学之功能的专门作品目前尚很少见。研究法教义学的功能,旨在回答法教义学的服务对象问题。若其功能不明,则必然会引发立场、方法与主体性之争,导致法教义学成为一种无底盘的游戏。法教义学乃是法学家针对规范适用、规范评价、规范塑造展开的理论建构与知识储备,具有司法与立法两个基本面向。其中,司法面向的法教义学具有三重功能:个案的妥当性解决、案件处理之间的协同性与理清社会发展的理想。立法面向的法教义学则是通过教义分析,明确法规范中存在的矛盾之处、有违明确性原则之处或处罚漏洞等,从而促进立法改进,确保法律良善。     

构建国际旅游岛灵活就业机制的法律思考

灵活就业是各种不同于传统就业模式的就业形式的总称。作为全新的就业模式,灵活就业与海南建设国际旅游岛,发展以旅游业为龙头的现代服务业具有契合性。目前,海南省虽有少量灵活就业的地方立法,但没有构成完整体系,存在诸多问题。因此,构建海南国际旅游岛灵活就业机制,必须明确灵活就业的法律地位,建立适应海南旅游服务业的劳动基准,完善社会保险机制,强化职业培训,反对就业歧视,保护灵活就业人员的合法权益。     

司法能动的软法之治

随着现代社会的转型,司法者需要在司法过程中发挥司法能动性,但过分司法能动又会损害司法权的地位。治理司法能动的手段可以是硬法,但更多的是软法。软法治理就是要通过普遍认同的方式来谋取司法裁量的正当性,并寻求多种治理路径,通过建立一定的软法保障机制,发挥软法的＂软约束力＂,推动司法目标的实现。     

司法场域中热点案件的事实真相认定：彭宇案的法社会学解读

彭宇案被演绎为转型社会的热点案件,客观诠释着其关涉司法法治生成结构要素的样本意义。彭宇案在事实真相认定的司法场域中具象化表征出参与主体的类型差异,一审和二审法院的场域资本在原被告之间呈现前后完全相反的态势变化。运用法社会学分析工具考量社会、职业和学术多维识别向度中热点案件的差异化区分特质,探寻关涉案件事实真相认定的司法法治生成社会动力学依赖发现路径。     

Book Review: Considering Social Justice: A Review of David Miller's Principles of Social Justice

Miller's volume is a useful, thorough, and innovating overview of the subject of social justice. It inspires three lines of critical response. The first involves the symbiotic role of philosophy and empirical inquiry in the analysis of justice. The second involves the qualities of opportunity that ought to underlie justice. Finally, there are a few lessons regarding the status of justice in the overall evaluation of society that can be learned from the case of the United States, which has an anomalously bad record with respect to distributive justice. The centrality of politics is one of the implications of the analysis.     

Industrial Relations and Justice Ideologies in the Firm: A Justice-Based Explanation of Works Council Effectiveness

This paper investigates why the effectiveness of works councils varies across firms. Drawing on a large body of literature on justice in organizations, and on the basis of the premise of methodological individualism, we present the groundwork for a justice-based theory of workplace codetermination. The theory focuses on workers' attitudes toward justice in organizations, the structural reasons behind these attitudes, and their consequences for the effectiveness of codetermination. Results from a qualitative employee survey in four German firms provide first empirical support for the theory presented.     

新自由主义对美英国家刑事法制的影响及反思

从一国或地区的政治经济体制来理解其刑事法制,可以以相对宏观的视角把握其刑事法制脉络。美国刑事法制自20世纪70年代以来发生了深刻变化,从刑事法制基本观念到具体实践都渗透强烈的报应主义色彩,而隐藏其后则是新自由主义思潮。美国刑事法制的转变也影响着英国等国家。对这一思潮进行研究,一方面可以对这些国家刑事法制过去半个世纪发展脉络进行整体把握,另一方面也为分析研究这些国家刑事法制提供了一个更具批判性的视角。     

浅论社会性规制的理论依据—兼论我国政府对食品与药品质量规制制度

长期以来,我们比较重视对经济性规制的研究,而忽视了对社会性规制的研究。作为社会性规制中的政府对产品质量规制应被重视。本文在对社会性规制的理论依据分析的基础上,就我政府对食品与药品质量规制制度进行分析,以期理论界对此问题有更准确的把握。     

从国家社科基金立项项目看法学研究状况——一种知识社会学的视角

通过对1993-2004年来国家社会科学基金立项的法学类项目类立项资助项目相关指标的分析,来展现我国目前法学学术生产格局的大致状况及其背后动因;并通过与经济学社科基金立项项目的比较以及对法学类社科基金立项项目在社科基金项目中所占比例等数据的分析,来呈视法学作为一门独立学科在整个人文社会科学界的地位变迁,以及这种变迁背后的权力———知识格局。     

论我国个人所得税法改革的功能定位与模式选择

为解决收入分配格局中劳动报酬比例过低和居民收入比例过低的突出问题,需要高度重视税收调节在实现分配正义中的积极作用。为此,我国个人所得税法改革的目标应当是在逐步提高个人所得税收入规模的基础上,侧重于强化其调节收入分配的功能,选择综合与分类相结合的课税模式。     

和谐社会呼唤立法平等

和谐社会的核心问题是协调好人与人的利益关系,利益关系在法律上表现为权利义务关系。当前我国出现一些不和谐现象的一个重要原因是立法上的权利义务分配不均。只有立法贯彻普遍平等的原则,赋予每个人平等的权利和义务,做到立法平等,才能使我们的社会利益趋于均衡,实现社会和谐。     

Rawlsian difference principles and economic utilitarianism

John Rawls's theory, justice as fairness, constitutes an important alternative to a utilitarian theory of social justice. This essay addresses the relationship between utilitarian choice and the difference principle that is central to Rawls's theory. It argues that the difference principle, if applied to utility, is not supportable in the economic utilitarian framework. The Rawlsian result could be consistent with this framework if expressed with respect to income rather than utility. However, the argument in a utilitarian framework is ad hoc and not compelling. The paper presents conditions under which a utilitarian in an initial position, with some similarity to Rawls's original position, would choose the Rawlsian difference principle. The choices coincide only under the unrealistic assumption that redistribution entails no efficiency loss.