可持续发展观及其对环境法发展的影响

本文通过对可持续发展观内涵及基本原则的分析,论及了它对环境法发展诸要素的积极影响,以期能对环境法及其创制有所启发和促进。     

东亚福利资本主义的发展:以日本、韩国与台湾为例

论文考察了近年来日本、韩国与台湾的福利国家(welfare state)发展情况。通过仔细观察医疗政策、养老金以及与劳动市场相关的其他社会政策的变化,文章尝试探究在这些领域发生的变化,到底能在多大程度上佐证一个从发展范式向普遍主义范式的重要转变。论文解释了在这些国家和地区社会政策变化的要旨和方向,认为能够解释他们的政策偏离的原因,不仅存在于经济的重组中,同时存在于不断变化的政治形态之中。     

Part on Green and Low-Carbon Development of China's Environmental Code System Response and Institution Implementation in Sustainable Development

The sustainable development integrity, national development goals, and legislative status quo have determined that the Green and Low-Carbon Development Part must be designed and incorporated into the China's Environmental Code (Code). The theoretical evolution in the action field, system composition, value function, and operation mechanism of the Environmental Law, as well as the practice development of the Environmental Protection Law legislation, enforcement, and judicial practices have laid a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the incorporation of green and lowcarbon development into the Code. The institutional layout of green and low-carbon development should respect and highlight its own traits. Furthermore, it is important to stress communication and coordination with other parts of the Code, follow the laws of energy development and utilization, and satisfy the inherent requirements of raw material reduction, reuse, and recycle. The layout method should abide by the general principle of general first, specific second; domestic first, international second; defined first, undefined second with decomposition goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as an exception. The layout effect of the flexibility first, rigidity second is pursued. The chapters of General Provisions, Cleaner Production Green Circulation, Green Consumption, Support and Supervision, and International Cooperation, and Climate Change Response, are specifically designed. Efforts are made to improve new systems, such as strategies and standards for green and low-carbon development, green logistics, energy performance contracting, green finance, carbon emissions trading, and energy early warning.     

A clandestine burial in Costa Rica: prospection and excavation

Abstract:  This case report describes the search for a clandestine grave in Costa Rica for which the police sought the assistance of an archaeologist. An anonymous informant suggested that the victim had been kidnapped and murdered, placed in a shallow grave in the woods, then covered with lime and cement. A search of the area to detect conventional signs of burial (e.g., slumping, different plant growth) resulted in excavation of unrelated features of past disturbance. Different aspects of the grave including the deposition of cement powder over the body prevented its initial discovery. Improvisation of conventional archaeological excavation methods and use of police familiar with archaeological excavation resulted in the location of the grave and exhumation of the victim without loss of important contextual evidence that supported testimony on the cause of death. The taphonomic effects of high-lying ground water and lime in the tropical burial environment are briefly discussed. Recommendations such as the construction of a temporary sump to lower the ground water level in the grave during excavation are made to assist in similar investigations in the future.     

论西部可持续开发战略的法治保障

本文认为 ,我国西部大开发必须坚持走可持续发展道路和建立强有力法治保障体系并举 ,为此 ,就应完善西部开发法律体系 ,营造良好的法治环境、社会环境及投资环境 ,为西部开发五大战略重点的实施提供有效可行的法律手段 ,并应在西部推行经济特区制度 ,健全行政合同法律制度以及充分利用BOT方式来促进西部建设。     

我国流域水资源可持续利用的法律问题及对策

实现流域水资源的可持续利用,对于保障和促进我国经济社会的全面、协调、可持续发展具有重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义.我国流域水资源现状是人均占有量少,流域分布不均,浪费严重,污染加剧.流域水资源存在的法律问题主要是立法理念陈旧,法律法规相互冲突,水权界定不清晰,流域生态补偿的法律制度缺失,公众参与立法制度缺位.解决的法律对策是转变指导思想,更新立法、执法理念,制定流域法,建立系统的流域管理机构,建立水权制度和流域生态补偿法律制度,建立完善公众参与制度.     

China and UN environmental policy: institutional growth,learning and implementation

The focus of this article is on whether, and to what extent, the major UN bodies for environmental issues—the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), the Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD), and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF)—have had any impact upon how China addresses and approaches its environmental issues. The UN bodies seem to have had some degree of day-to-day influence in a range of fields. UNEP has provided assistance in terms of policy formulation, technical assistance, training of personnel, public awareness and networking. The CSD seems to have made fewer practical and concrete contributions to China’s environmental policies; it serves as an arena for learning and discussion of environmental issues, rather than as a body for policy implementation. The GEF, on the other hand, has been an important source for the implementation of environmental policies in China. As to China’s contribution to environmental issues on the global arena, China does not seem to give priority to the international level of environmental policies. It is an active participant and stakeholder in international bodies such as UNEP and the CSD, but it is currently not providing any leadership. This is in clear contrast to domestic policy, where environmental issues are becoming increasingly important, attracting the attention of the media, policy-makers and the public. The article concludes that should this trend consolidate, establishing the management of the environment and natural resources as major issues in Chinese politics, it is reasonable to expect that China will in the future aim to play a leading role in environmental politics at the international level.     

可持续发展与环境伦理探析

可持续发展理论与实践促进了环境伦理学的发展。传统意义上的环境伦理受此观念影响,从人类中心主义的环境伦理与非人类中心主义的环境伦理的分立走向人类中心主义的环境伦理、非人类中心主义环境伦理和可持续发展的环境伦理的鼎立。可持续发展观念指导下的环境伦理强调生态伦理道德和生态价值观,将环境与发展、当前利益与长远利益有机地统一起来,是环境保护唯一正确的选择。     

可持续发展与法律价值的完善--中国法制可持续现代化的路径探究

随着人与自然的危机日益迫切,可持续发展理念应运而生.面对可持续发展的第一波冲击,现有法制必将做出回应性重构.为此,当前法制建设的关键,是把可持续性发展作为一切法律活动的出发点.中国法制的可持续现代化,必将把可持续发展的基本理念纳入到立法、司法和守法之中.     

论可持续发展战略与我国环境保护法律的融合

近年来,可持续发展战略已成为国际立法的重要指导思想和原则,也是我国的总体发展战略。然而,我国现行的环境保护法律已不能完全适应当前经济与社会发展、人与自然和谐相处的基本需要,应当尽快建立以可持续发展战略为中心和基本原则的环境保护法律体制,导入认识自然、重视自然、利用自然、人与自然和谐相处的现代思想,改变现行法律“经济优先”的立法倾向,增设“可持续发展”为基本原则的规定,建立和完善相应的环境保护法律制度。     

Policy Coherence, Global Environmental Governance, and Poverty Reduction

This paper explores linkages between policy coherence, global environmental governance, and poverty reduction. It begins with a few thoughts on what these terms mean, and how they are linked. It then provides some perspectives on how the linkages might be improved over time. The paper takes the view that the most coherent institutional framework for both poverty reduction and environmental protection is likely to be one that is relatively decentralised, and based on a modular (networking) structure. The implication is that this framework should rely mainly on domestic and regional governance institutions, rather than on global ones. Effective management of environmental problems (both national and international) also implies a judicious mix of strong government institutions, smooth-functioning markets, and well-targeted infrastructure investments. The business and labour communities are therefore crucial. Other elements of civil society, notably the NGOs, also have important roles to play. Global environmental governance will have to overcome significant resistance insofar as the interests of the developing countries are concerned. Developing countries will need to be convinced that it is in their best interest to participate in global environmental institutions. The best way of making this case is to link (local) poverty reduction objectives explicitly to (both local and global) environmental protection goals. Bringing greater coherence to international trade, investment, and development co-operation policies could make an important contribution to strengthening these linkages. Investment is particularly important here – in the future, investment governance will likely prove to be more important for poverty reduction than environmental governance. Focusing on global environmental governance will not be enough.     

开发区管理委员会的法律地位

在开发区发展壮大的过程中,开发区管理委员会发挥了重要作用,但也存在一些问题,法律地位不明确便是其中之一。把开发区管理委员会归类为“法律、法规授权组织”或“派出机构”都明显不妥,而将其界定为一级政府的派出机关更符合实践现状。应积极推进相关立法,明确开发区管理委员会的法律地位,并加强其在职责权限、机构设置、领导体制和管理模式等方面的制度建设,以适应开发区的可持续发展。     

论环境政策与环境法律的环境保护合力作用

我国的环境保护工作起步于环境政策,在建设法治国家进程中环境政策与环境法律的并存是客观实际的需要。环境政策和环境法律是我国保护环境的两种有效手段,二者有着共同的利益基础,二者并不矛盾,应当协调配合,共同发挥环境保护的合力作用。本文分析了环境政策与环境法律协调发展的理论基础,提出在现阶段环境政策和环境法律应当并存,进而提出正确处理环境政策与环境法律的协调配合关系。     

我国不起诉制度的产生和发展

中国古代历史上在严刑的前提下因时而赦的思想、宽严相济思想、严格的控告受理制度,是我国不起诉制度产生与发展的基石;新中国建国前后区别对待、分化瓦解的刑事政策,是中国不起诉制度产生和发展的理论基础。1956年以法律规范的形式规定了免予起诉制度,1996年3月刑诉法修正案取消了免予起诉制度,扩大了不起诉的范围。     

Economic Analysis,Environmental Policy,and Intergenerational Justice in the Reagan Administration The Case of the Montreal Protocol

Economic arguments played a significant role in the decision by the Reagan Administration to lead the international effort to protect the stratospheric ozone layer from depletion caused by certain otherwise useful industrial chemicals. During the period prior to the signing of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987, it was recognized within the Administration that ethical considerations (involving the valuation of risk and intergenerational equity) were essential components of the economic analysis. Adoption of a principle of intergenerational neutrality had the consequence that any reasonable comparison of the benefits of ozone layer protection to the costs of regulatory control overwhelmingly favored regulation.