书写条件变化对笔迹特征变化的影响

研究书写条件变化对笔迹特征变化的影响,对笔迹鉴定的实现具有重要指导意义.书写条件变化的种类分内部条件和外部条件.内部条件有生理条件和心理条件,外部条件分书写工具异常,书写姿势异常,书写承受异常和书写环境异常.这些因素对书写人的笔迹变化的影响有其自身的原因、特点和变化规律.     

网络变化对表达自由的影响

现代国家的宪法性法律和世界人权条约普遍承认和保护人们享有表达自由的权利。这意味着人们有权使用各种媒介或方式接受信息,并将自己的思想、观点、主张、看法、信仰、信念、见解等传播给他人或社会而不受无端、非法干涉、约束或惩罚。     

全球化及限制条件对主权的影响

一、导言二战后 ,百废待兴 ,国际货币基金组织 (ＩＭＦ)和世界银行 (ＷＢ)应运而生 ,这反映了国际社会已认识到国际经济市场日益增强的相互依赖性。近年来 ,国际金融市场全球化进程的加速发展 ,使大量资金从一国金融市场和基础设施建设中抽回成为可能。为了遏制这一不利趋势 ,ＩＭＦ与世行在贷款时要求借款方做出改变国内经济政策的许诺。本文通过分析亚洲金融危机 ,探讨了全球化和限制条件对国家主权的意义。第一部分研究主权的概念及其与国际法的关系。第二部分讨论ＩＭＦ与世行的作用及各自使用的贷款方式。第三部分回顾最近泰国和俄罗斯…     

中国经济增长的条件变化分析

对中国经济增长条件的分析可以从有利条件、不利条件中内含的供给和需求这两个维度展开。中国经济增长的不利条件是:供给方面主要包括劳动力供给量减少,储蓄率下降,自然资源的约束很强,环保的约束加重,技术创新不足;需求方面主要包括国内消费市场的扩大受到收入分配不公的限制,国外市场变小,政府的投资减少。中国经济增长的有利条件是:供给方面主要包括高素质劳动力供给增加,储蓄率下降趋势会被教育红利的出现抵消一部分,国家对科技和教育的投入增大,国家对新能源的大力提倡使能源供应情况有所缓解;需求方面主要包括城市化还没有完成,地区差别缩小,以共同富裕和公平分享经济增长成果为基调的改革对国内的需求也会产生巨大的推动作用。趋利避害需要我们进一步深化改革,以共同富裕、让劳动人民分享改革的经济增长成果为改革基调。     

经济增长对要素禀赋变化的影响

本文梳理了资本积累、经济增长与资本丰裕度的动态变化之间的理论关系.要素禀赋决定于长期的资本积累和经济增长条件,而资本积累决定于经济的储蓄、投资意愿以及生产的效率.新古典的经济增长与贸易理论认为,长期中,一国的要素禀赋和比较优势完全由资本投资的数量,即由偏好和储蓄率决定.林毅夫和李荣林从生产函数的角度阐述了发展中国家使资本的丰裕度增加,从而改变贸易模式的途径.而所谓的"长期赫克歇尔俄林定理"则认为,要素禀赋差异不仅决定了静态的贸易模式,而且要素禀赋的初始状态决定了长期的比较优势.     

市场经济条件下电子商务对传统会计的影响

随着全球市场经济的迅猛发展,从上世纪90年代以来,财务环境如会计主体、核算重心、核算周期等发生了巨大的变化,特别是由于互联网技术的逐渐成熟,电子商务得到了快速发展,新的商业经营模式的诞生使财务环境的变化进一步加快.本文主要论述市场经济条件下,电子商务对传统会计核算的基本前提、会计要素、会计职能的影响.     

开放条件对产业生态化的影响及对策

在全球经济一体化的趋势下,各国通过开放国内市场、开拓国际市场,使本国经济与国际经济联系日益密切。由此所产生的产业资本跨国流动加速、产业技术跨国转移和扩散效应增强、信息跨国界传播速度加快,使产业发展路径不再单纯依赖本国的资源禀赋结构、技术进步状况和国内市场需求,而是更多地取决于国际贸易、产业转移、外国直接投资(FDI)所产生的各种扩散效应。随着开放程度的扩大,一国的产业生态化进程存在着两面性:一方面,污染密集、生态密集和资源密集的产业并不会随着经济发展而逐渐消退,而是向环境和资源消费标准低的发展中国家转移,由于生态的全球性特征     

家庭变化对青少年犯罪之影响

我国实行改革、开放以来,各方面都发生了深刻而巨大的变化。作为社会细胞的家庭,亦必然要受到这一变化的冲击。在研究青少年犯罪问题时,我们把家庭看作是个人联结社会的中介,又是预防犯罪的防线之一,因此,很有必要研究社会变革中家庭的变化对青少年犯     

当代世界的新变化对人们思想的影响

80年代末 90年代初以来 ,世界进入了一个空前的变化时期 ,科技、经济、政治等各个方面的变化相互交融和激荡 ,其变化之巨、之广、之深、之快令人眼花缭乱。这样的变化深刻地改变了世界 ,也同样深刻地改变了人们的思想观念、精神面貌及整个价值体系。社会主义中国的主流文化价值体系 ,不可避免地要受来自两个层面的冲击 :世界变化作为新的客观存在 ,对包括中国在内的所有文化价值体系的一般性冲击 ;其他文化价值体系尤其是西方文化价值体系具有特殊针对性的冲击。这必然会对我国的思想领域产生影响 ,这种影响有积极的一面 ,也有消极的一面 ,…     

中国金融格局变化及其对金融监管的影响

在经济增速放缓和金融市场化改革双重力量的驱动下,中国的金融体系已经成为一个多元化和互联互通的金融体系。由于各部门之间的金融联系越来越多,就增加了发生系统性风险的概率。要防范潜在的系统性风险,中国的监管当局应进一步加强内部协调,建立更加便捷的信息收集和共享机制。2017年7月召开的第五次全国金融工作会议决定设立国务院金融稳定发展委员会,强化人民银行宏观审慎管理和系统性风险防范职责。该委员会的基本出发点是构建基于消费者保护的金融监管框架,工作的重点是要保证市场之间、产品之间、产品与市场之间监管的无缝连接,建立起逆周期风险调节机制。     

转移定价对我国经济的影响及对策

跨国公司自19世纪60年代产生以来，经过一个多世纪发展到今天，对世界经济的发展产生了举足轻重的影响。随着跨国公司内部贸易的迅速扩大，其内部定价原则，即转移定价成为倍受关注的问题。　　　　一、关于转移定价的一般问题　　　　转移定价(transferpricing)是随着社会化大生产的发展、公司内部组织形式和结构的变化而产生的一种管理手段。按照美国教授阿尔潘(J·S·Arpam)和瑞德堡(L·H·Radeough)的说法，“公司内部定价就是对被同一所有者拥有的企业、单位之间所转移货物和劳务价值的确定。包括贷款利息率、租用费用、劳务费、货…     

The Changing Nature of Public Entrepreneurship

This article proposes a cyclical theory of public entrepreneurship that is rooted in contextual conditions. The authors use material presented to the Institute of Public Administration of Canada for the annual innovation award, as well as an extensive literature review, to illustrate a new model for public entrepreneurship, arguing that today's public entrepreneurs are teams and their actions are systemic. Public entrepreneurs do not create new artifacts, nor do they design grandiose projects, but they slowly reinvent their organizations and, in so doing, transform the systems that control government effectiveness and efficiency. The authors generalize and contextualize the idea of public entrepreneurship and structure the emergence of entrepreneurs into a cycle theory. The individual entrepreneur dominates when the organization is new or there is a need for novel activities. As the organization matures and the need for efficiency takes over, dominant individual entrepreneurship disappears, and with time, a new systemic entrepreneurship arises to tackle them.     

The Changing Faces of Contemporary Tourism

Tourism, a domain of considerable importance in the contemporary world, has long been overlooked by social scientists, but has recently become a field attracting a growing body of research. In sociology, the relation between tourism and modernity at first constituted the issue of principal interest, the discourse focusing on the extent to which modern Western tourists seek authentic experiences on their trip. The article discusses the changes in the terms of the discourse, contingent upon the growing similarity of the world in the wake of globalization, the emergence of the “post-tourist,” and the diversification in the composition of tourists, with the growth in the number of travelers from non-Western countries. The question of the limits of the future expansion of the tourist system is raised in conclusion.

The Changing Politics of States' Reorganization

This essay highlights the change in altitude, among the Indianruling elite, in no longer treating states' reorganization asthe emergence of parochial identities. Different regions establishedtheir identity on the basis of language, culture, administrativecoherence, economic development, or lack of it. Gradually, ithas been recognized that the reorganization of states leadsto good governance if such reorganization stems from administrativeconvenience, economic viability, similarity in developmentalneeds of a subregion, and cultural-linguistic affinity.     

The Politics of the Lisbon Strategy: The Changing Role of the Commission

This article examines the politics of the Lisbon strategy before and after its major watershed reform in 2005, with particular attention to the role of the European Commission. Operating in an ambiguous partial delegation of power, the Commission changed from performing a strong administrative role in the 2000–04 period to performing a political role after 2005. The institutional analysis of this article combines contextual factors and internal factors for explaining this variation. The findings reveal that although internal factors play an important part in explaining change, they are highly related to contextual factors. More precisely, the ability of the Commission to unfold actively its ideological and normative leverage and unfold specific forms of procedural leverage after 2005 is highly related to the member states' decision to clarify the formal division of tasks between them and the Commission. In other words, situations of procedural ambiguity are not necessarily to the advantage of the Commission, since it does not invariably have the ability to use this ambiguity in its favour.     

The Changing Face of Public Sector Employment

While it is easy, and almost a national sport, to criticise the traditional model of public sector employment as being too generous, there is a rationale for its distinctiveness. The career service model that endured for most of the last century was aligned to the bureaucratic form of public administration of that time. As public administration was 'transformed' into public sector management through the importing of private sector techniques, so too has public sector employment been varied in pursuit of greater efficiency, flexibility and responsiveness.