论公诉案件庭前审查程序

公正是诉讼追求的永远价值目标,但在司法实践中存在诸多制约此目标实现的因素,庭前审查程序成为其中之一种。在不能彻底废弃此类制度之前,必须将实体审查改革为单纯程序性审查,如此,或可为其后的审判程序及审判结果提供相对公正的保障。     

Up the Hill and Across the Aisle: Discovering the Path to Bipartisanship in Washington

Appeals for bipartisan diplomacy pepper popular commentary, often with wistful references to a bygone era where leaders (like Lyndon Johnson and Everett Dirksen) set aside partisan point scoring to serve the public interest. Here we reconsider the elements driving bipartisan contact in Washington. Stepping back from popular narratives, we situate the president‐opposing leader relationship within a more general class of institutional bargaining, leading to the prediction that bipartisan negotiation emerges from a particular combination of incentives and institutions—namely, when the president is strong politically (rendering opposing leaders willing to compromise) but opposing party leaders are strong institutionally (rendering them crucial to passing the deal). Utilizing Presidential Daily Diaries, hypotheses are tested against original data on presidents' personal interactions with opposing Senate leaders across 40 years, 20 Congresses, and eight presidencies (1961–2000).     

理性对待刑事司法过程中的民意

法律效果与社会效果相统一,作为一项司法政策,是刑事司法工作的最高境界.为实现这一目标,司法机关在司法过程中必须关注民意.民意对刑事司法过程可能产生消极影响,因此司法机关应该理性对待民意.具体来说,刑事司法既要独立于民意,又要倾听、引导民意,及时回应民意.为此,应该完善公众参与机制、信息公开机制以及民意发现机制,同时规范媒体的报道,提升公众整体的法律素质.     

公共服务市场化进程中的政府责任

公共服务的市场化不仅仅是一种管理工具或管理策略,更是政府治理的一个基本理念和基本战略。政府在公共服务的市场化进程中肩负着重要责任。需要从力避产生新的垄断、避免因寻租而产生的腐败现象、制定合理的价格机制和及时提供公共信息等四个方面强化政府的管理和监督职能,履行政府责任。     

Legislative Demands for Bureaucratic Policymaking: The Case of State Medical Boards

Abstract While much is known about the relationship between Congress and regulatory agencies, there has been little examination of the role state legislatures play in the activities of state regulatory bodies, particularly those activities related to timely, salient policy issues. This article explores the relationship of state legislatures to medical boards, which are increasingly becoming more policy active. We find that state legislative involvement and influence are the most important determinants of policy‐active state medical boards; institutional elements play a secondary role. Major changes in the private health care delivery system affect legislative involvement and play an indirect role in predicting policy activism. We drew our data from a 50‐state survey of executive directors of state medical boards.     

Public Support for Punishment and Progressive Criminal Justice Policy Preferences: The Role of Symbolic Racism and Negative Racial Stereotype

Prior studies have found that symbolic racism and negative African-American stereotypes are linked to public preferences for punitive criminal justice policy. But prior studies have mostly focused attention on White respondents and have not adequately examined whether the effects of symbolic racism and negative African American stereotypes are the same across race and ethnicity. This study used the 2000 American National Election Study data to fill this gap in the empirical literature. The study found that the effects of symbolic racism were broad and generally impact Whites, African-Americans, and members of other races/ethnicities the same. The effects of negative African-American stereotype were more limited. This variable predicted punishment policy preference for members of other races/ethnicities and there were significant differences in how stereotypes impacted policy preferences across race and ethnicity. Implications for theory are discussed.     

公安教育改革中图书馆服务策略

公安院校在办学体制、人才培养目标、人才培养模式等方面的全方位改革,引发了图书馆用户及其需求的变化,出现了诸如类型多样、信息素质水平参差不齐、信息需求专业化、精细化、泛在化等特点,为适应公安教育改革与用户需要,图书馆服务应建立以用户为中心服务型组织、建设公安特色资源库、深化视频资源开发、深入开展学科服务、开发用户自助、交互系统、提供泛在用户服务等,全面推进用户服务工作。     

论行政过程中的公众参与

行政民主化已成为现代政府改革的潮流。公众的行政参与对于提高行政管理质量和行政合法性都具有重要意义。推动公众参与的良性发展是政府的职责所在,政府要在注重克服公众参与的局限性同时,应积极引导和规范公众参与,从而追求有效的行政参与。     

Personal Characteristics of MPs and Legislative Behavior in Moral Policymaking

Theoretical and empirical models of legislative decision making in parliamentary democracies typically neglect the policy preferences of individual MPs and instead focus on political parties and possible institutional constraints. We argue that MPs actually make judgments and decisions on the basis of their preferences, which are shaped by their personal characteristics. However, given the strength of parties in most parliamentary systems, the impact of personal characteristics on legislative behavior is rarely visible. Therefore, we examine a moral issue. Looking at cosponsorship, parliamentary speeches, and votes in the German Bundestag, we analyze the legislative procedure on the regulation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in Germany in 2011. We show that the legislative behavior of MPs does not only reflect partisan conflict but is also influenced by the preferences of the constituents and MPs’ own personal characteristics such as: religious denomination, gender, and parental status.     

我国公安执法进程中人权保障的机制

尊重和保障人权写入宪法,意味着国家和人民对公安执法活动提出了更高要求,公安机关必须十分注意对公民个人合法权利的保护.在市场经济建设的过程中强调对广大人民权利的保障,强调人权保护的重要性是促进我国经济良性发展的人文环境保证,更是衡量我国公安工作成效的最终指标.所以公安机关在具体的执法过程中,必须从基本理念、监督机制、程序性执法等方面来建立和规范对人权有效保障的机制.     

城市化进程中多元文化对社会治安的影响

随着经济的发展,中国的城市化水平迅速提升,整个社会处在转型期,在此进程中社会主文化发生信仰危机,包括游民文化、宗族文化、网络文化和外来文化在内的多元亚文化与主文化发生冲突,并对社会治安产生一定危害,解决这些危害还得从经济、文化和社会制度等多层面上来着手。     

Policymaking cycles in mental health: critical examination of a conceptual model

Analysts have frequently used the concept of a cycle to describe the historical development of mental health policy in the United States. According to the "cyclical" perspective, the mental health system alternates between crests of high policy and program activity and troughs of stagnation and decline. Analysts also observe that past policy themes are periodically rediscovered, only to eventually lose favor and recede into the background once again. This article critically examines the cyclical model of mental health policymaking, placing it within a context of broader theoretical work on the dynamics of public policy formation. The purpose is to organize in a conceptually coherent way what has emerged as the leading theoretical approach to understanding the evolution of the mental health system; to identify major issues and ambiguities in the application of the cyclical framework to mental health policy analysis; and to derive some general insights about problems and possibilities in modeling policy change.     

我国公共安全标准化的现状及其运行分析

公共安全标准化是社会主义和谐社会建设的重要内容,也是公共安全事业健康发展的必然要求,但是公共安全标准制修订环节已然不能适应社会发展的客观要求,公共安全标准的颁布实施与宣贯环节投入严重不足,公共安全标准化工作缺乏严密的保障体制和协调机制,缺乏有效的监督机制和反馈机制,因此必须要运用过程分析法对公共安全标准化的运行过程加以分析,厘清其逻辑关系,以期改善我国的公共安全标准化现状.     

行政决策公众参与的名与实——检视北京市公共交通票价改革的听证历程

行政决策与公众参与的结合是回应民主发展与行政统治性危机的必然,而其本质是一种博弈过程,存在名与实的二元分立,因而需要引入公众参与有效性命题及其标准。以博弈分析框架为基础,透过过程主义检视北京市公共交通票价调整公众参与的全过程,可知其存在参与人困局、结果封闭性、信息瑕疵、约束机制乏力以及功能定位局限等问题,制约公众参与的有效性。结合理论和实践经验,走向有效的行政决策公众参与需要系统性变革:核心理念嵌入、法律制度的跟进、信息保障和参与机制的优化以及功能定位的扩展,其中观念更新是软件、法律制度是保障、参与机制的优化是硬件、功能定位的扩展是催化剂。     

The Politics of Racial Disparity Reform: Racial Inequality and Criminal Justice Policymaking in the States

Racial inequalities in criminal justice are pressing problems for policymakers. Prior literature suggests elected officials promulgate punitive, racially disparate criminal justice policies due to partisanship and racial fears, but scholarship has yet to explain how and why elected officials address racial problems in criminal processing. This article introduces the framework of racial disparity reform policymaking. A racial disparity reform is a policy that seeks to reduce distinctions in criminal justice institutions’ treatment of racial groups. Elected officials pursue these policies due to ideological beliefs in civil rights ideals and political interests in appearing to solve social problems. Using an original database of policy enactments, this article first presents the distribution and types of reform measures adopted by elected officials in all 50 states between 1998 and 2011. It then examines social and political explanations for when state legislatures and executives adopt racial disparity reforms. Policy enactment is predicted by worsening problems of racial disproportion in criminal processing, Democratic control of elected branches, and the absence of judicial efforts to improve racial fairness within a state’s criminal justice system. Similar dynamics encourage the development of different measures types within policies. Such ideological and problem-solving explanations for racial disparity reform show a potential for elected officials to forge more racially just criminal justice practices.