优势视角的社会工作在社区矫正中的运用——以社区矫正对象G某为例

优势视角是社会工作的一个基本范畴,其关注的重点是发现、发挥和发展矫正对象自身的优势和潜能。矫正工作者可以将优势视角的社会工作方法引入社区矫正实践之中,促进矫正对象的再社会化过程。本文结合矫正实践中的典型案例,阐述了优势视角的具体运用过程及其策略,以期对社区矫正工作发挥积极的作用。     

试论社会工作介入社区矫正的方式和途径

社区矫正工作开展6年多来,社会工作介入社区矫正的积极作用正在逐步显现。各地通过加强专业队伍建设和专业机构建设,在以司法人员为主导、社会工作专业人员积极参与的模式下,运用社会工作专业理念和方法开展了多种多样的矫正活动,收到了预期的效果。随着社区矫正实践的不断深入,在开放的社区环境和多元的文化环境下,如何继续有效地做好社区矫正工作,需要做进一步探讨。     

社区为老服务的法律保障

人口老龄化对老年社会工作提出了严峻的挑战,老年社会工作主要涉及老年人的经济保障和服务保障。老年社会服务作为老年社会保障的重要组成部分,是解决老年人特殊需求、维护老年人权益的关键环节。为老服务要适应社会主义市场经济体制的发展,应由家庭服务向社区服务过渡。社区为老服务要植根于对现实发展趋势的正确估计和现有法律政策的不断完善。实行服务保障就需将社区为老服务纳入法律调整范围,逐步实现社区为老服务保障的法制化。     

Social Work and the Security Issue in the Netherlands and Belgium

Over the past years security has become a central issue in political discussions both in the Netherlands and Belgium. This has led to the setting of new governmental schemes in urban areas that rely upon the commitment of social workers to a large extent. Besides that, a number of new professions linked to social intervention have appeared. The purpose of this article is to analyse the emergence of security as an issue and the effects of the new governmental schemes in the field of social work, and to compare the political and social backgrounds, how security is dealt with and the effects on social work in Belgium and the Netherlands. The general assumption is that the practice of social professions tends to a new balance between change and control, the two usual poles of social work, at the expense of emancipatory practices towards marginalised people. In other words, it is wondered whether the action of social workers is to put in place a system of control and risk prevention as a mix of social work and people policing. The article shows that the development in this direction in the two countries is similar, in spite of significant background differences.     

论乌干达防治艾滋病社区支持模式的社会法律制度

乌干达曾经是艾滋病肆虐最严重的非洲国家,但乌干达政府自1986年开始实施了大规模的防治艾滋病行动,建立适应乌干达国情的防控艾滋病工作体系。乌干达防治艾滋病社区支持模式始于1987年的坎旺卡社区支持活动,并迅速在全国推广,形成了政府干预和指导的法律机制、医疗和物资支持制度、非歧视的社区关爱机制、宗教团体等非政府组织参与机制等基本制度。通过加强立法,完善对社区支持模式的法律规范、充分利用社会资源、加强社区服务的技术指导和对艾滋病孤儿的援助等措施使该项制度不断完善。     

我国城市街道办事处管理体制的改革创新与实践——以广州市荔湾区为视角

城市街道管理体制的改革与实践是城市基层政府治理和社会管理创新的重要举措.面对街道管理法律定位不明确、职能超载、职权有限、自身管理失灵等问题,广州市荔湾区政府以"一队伍三中心"为载体,重建街道办事处管理架构,规范编外人员管理,推进政府购买服务和网格化管理,进一步明确了区、街道、居委会等治理主体的责权,积累了宝贵的经验.但街道办事处在职能转变、改革的法律依据、公共服务供给、管理机制及社区自我治理等方面仍存在着诸多问题,需进一步并加以解决.     

黑龙江省社区矫正试点工作问题研究

社区矫正作为一种经济、有效、人道的新型刑罚执行方式,在黑龙江省尚处于试点、起步阶段。历经不断的探索与实践,社区矫正试点工作已初步形成了自己的体系和运行规则。本文依托于对黑龙江省社区矫正试点工作情况的调研,介绍了黑龙江省社区矫正试点工作的现状及成功经验,分析了实践中存在的一些问题,并有针对性地提出了解决的办法,以期为完善我国社区矫正法律制度做一些有益的探索。     

Predictive validity of the dynamic risk assessment and management system in individuals with intellectual disability residing in the community

Background. The Dynamic Risk Assessment and Management System (DRAMS) was created to measure dynamic risk in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). Steptoe, Lindsay, Murphy, and Young, (2008) examined the construct validity, reliability and predictive validity of the dynamic risk assessment and management system (DRAMS) in offenders with intellectual disability and found that the total DRAMS score and sections on mood, antisocial behaviour and intolerance/agreeableness predicted incidents with a medium effect size for offenders with ID residing in high secure settings.     

Resettle: a significant new step in an emerging pathway that manages risk and addresses need in high-risk personality disordered offenders on their release into the community

Abstract

This paper will describe an innovative UK service development, Resettle, which is designed to address the needs and risks of personality disordered offenders who are released into the community from prison and whose high risks of harm and re-offending are linked to their personality disorder (PD). All the cases worked with are subject to Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA). This non-residential, intensive community-based service is nationally funded jointly by the Department of Health and Ministry of Justice, originally as part of the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) programme for high-risk offenders. Resettle became operational in 2008. It is currently being independently evaluated via a randomised control trial that is due to complete in March 2013. Formal outcome data are, therefore, not yet available, however, the developing model of intervention based on experience and learning to date is described alongside the policy and service context for this area of work.     

Family Representative Payeeship and Violence Risk in Severe Mental Illness

Although representative payeeship is prevalent among people with mental illness and shows promise to positively influence clinically relevant outcomes, research also suggests this legal mechanism could be implemented in ways that are problematic. The current study examined whether family representative payeeship was associated with elevated risk of family violence perpetrated by persons with severe mental illness (SMI). Data were collected every 4 months for 1 year in structured interviews with N = 245 persons with SMI who received disability benefits. Multivariate analyses showed that substance abuse, history of violence, frequency of family contact, and family representative payeeship were associated with elevated odds of family violence. Analyses also showed family contact and family representative payeeship had a cumulative effect on increasing the predicted probability of family violence (controlling for covariates such as violence history and substance abuse). The data shed light on the potential for family representative payeeship to be associated with increased risk of interpersonal conflict and violence in SMI.     

Children in the environment: Forest day-care centers: Modern day care with historical antecedents

Some features of early child care are more prominent in Norway than in other countries, such as emphasis on the outdoor environment. Of general relevance and interest is the form of day care provided by forest day-care centers. Three ideas form the development of these centers placed in wild areas. First, throughout history, Norwegians have had a close attachment to nature and some parents want to provide their children with outdoor experiences at an early age. Second, urging children to play outdoors characterizes the image many parents have of a happy, healthy childhood. Third, provision of day care for children has always been restricted in western countries, forcing parents to invent types of service that can become part of an ecological system that promotes healthy development.The forest day-care centers developed recently represent a supplement to the wide typology of child care in the 21st century. The article outlines the connections between these ideas in general European and western history and Norwegian history and presents debate and decisions about a question dating from the last half of the 1980s. It concludes that the forest day-care centers are perhaps only a modern form of the original kindergarten concept, which started in Europe and America as gardens for children not gardens of children.     

Children in the environment: Forest day-care centers

Some features of early child care are more prominent in Norway than in other countries, such as emphasis on the outdoor environment. Of general relevance and interest is the form of day care provided by forest day-care centers. Three ideas form the development of these centers placed in wild areas. First, throughout history, Norwegians have had a close attachment to nature and some parents want to provide their children with outdoor experiences at an early age. Second, urging children to play outdoors characterizes the image many parents have of a happy, healthy childhood. Third, provision of day care for children has always been restricted in western countries, forcing parents to invent types of service that can become part of an ecological system that promotes healthy development.

The forest day-care centers developed recently represent a supplement to the wide typology of child care in the 21st century. The article outlines the connections between these ideas in general European and western history and Norwegian history and presents debate and decisions about a question dating from the last half of the 1980s. It concludes that the forest day-care centers are perhaps only a modern form of the original kindergarten concept, which started in Europe and America as gardens for children not gardens of children.     

THE KIDS' TURN PROGRAM EVALUATION: PROBING CHANGE WITHIN A COMMUNITY‐BASED INTERVENTION FOR SEPARATING FAMILIES

We provide evaluation results for Kids' Turn, a community‐based divorcing parent education program. Based on pre‐ and post‐test results from 61 parents, we found that parents reported improvements over time in interparental conflict, the number of topics parents argue about, parental alienation behaviors, parent anxiety and depression, and children's internalizing behaviors. These changes over time remained after we accounted for child sex, parent and child age, and time since separation. However, we did not observe any change in parenting behaviors. We discuss these results in light of factors influencing the ability of community‐based programs to affect change in families after divorce.     

The role of people in information-sharing: perceptions from an analytic unit of a regional fusion center

Information sharing research has largely focused on capturing operational practices related to the exchange of information. A noticeable shortcoming of this developing literature is the lack of scholarly attention focused specifically on analytic personnel. The present study employs semi-structured interviews with 23 personnel that comprise the analytic unit within a regional fusion center located in a large metropolitan area in the United States. Findings indicate that there is significant ambiguity surrounding the organizational and geographic audiences to which intelligence products should be tailored. Moreover, it appears information sharing is sparse and reliant upon personal relationships between analysts and external organizations. Lastly, analysts do not receive feedback pertaining to the content and effectiveness of intelligence products created. These findings may be generalized to other analytical organizations whose primary goal is to gather, analyze and disseminate intelligence. Action steps for policymakers are provided.     

Rape Crisis Centers and Programs: “Doing Amazing,Wonderful Things on Peanuts”

Even though the anti-rape movement began more than 30 years ago and there is greater awareness of sexual violence, are rape crisis centers or programs financially secure? Data from interviews with 63 rape crisis workers and volunteers from 6 rape crisis centers or programs located in 4 East Coast states indicate not only that rape crisis centers/programs continue to struggle financially but also that lack of funding continues to present challenges. When rape crisis centers/programs experience reductions in funding, staff positions are eliminated, remaining staff and volunteers are overworked, efforts to recruit and train volunteers are compromised, services for victims are reduced, and education and outreach to the communities become less available. Lack of funding negatively affects rape crisis centers/programs and jeopardizes their future.     

无缝隙政府理论视野下的社区警务室建设——以A社区警务室为例

拉塞尔·M·林登在20世纪90年代提出了无缝隙政府理论。它以满足顾客无缝隙的需要为目标,以顾客、竞争和结果为导向,是一种面向未来的公共机构自我改革的模式,也是一种为顾客提供无缝隙的公共产品和公共服务的方式。Z市Z区S派出所A社区警务室创建的"一警为主,多警联动"的"一站式"模式,其职能的相互交叉、配合与一步到位服务的提供,是无缝隙政府理论的有效实现形式之一。但当前A社区警务室的建设与无缝隙政府理论的改革要求还有一定差距,要不断完善,防止流于形式。     

长江三角洲城镇社区建设的三大取向

城市社区建设是 2 1世纪中国城市现代化的中心议题 ,长江三角洲地区自90年代以来在全国率先迈开了城市社区建设的步伐并取得了明显的成效。本文总结了以上海、南京、杭州等城市为代表的长江三角洲地区社区建设的基本历程和主要经验 ,并就当代城市社区建设的三个突出内容——社区组织与管理的自治化、社区人口与空间范围的合理化以及社区文化的多向度发展进行了理论探索和展望     

米尔健·达马斯卡学术观点的功用性和真确性

在《司法和国家权力的多种面孔》一书中,达马斯卡教授关于制度性安排的两组概念模型的提出[科层型权力组织与协作型权力组织;政策实施型程序与纠纷解决型程序]将那些涉及司法制度和政府治理的变量化约为一套便于掌握的范式,彰显出概念性研究的首要价值——功用性。而在《漂移的证据法》中,达马斯卡超越概念性研究转而专注于实证研究。其研究志趣从功用性转移到了真确性,然而研究方法却并没有改变。对概念性研究路径的依赖导致《漂移的证据法》之核心命题的构建失去了客观性。尽管如此,Ⅸ漂移的证据法》依旧具有重要的指引意义,它提醒学术界应当注意概念性研究与实证研究之间的差别以及忽略这种差别所导致的诸多问题。     

Living and learning in Tacna,Peru

I spent the summer after my first year of college in Tacna, Peru. I lived in community with five Peruvian nuns and worked in the school where they were the administrators. I was completely immersed in the culture and language as no one spoke English. It was an experience that allowed me to connect with new ideas about community and social justice, ideas that have contributed to the way I have come to understand my position and my responsibilities in my global community. When I returned home from Peru, I wrote this reflection about my experience adapting and living in this wonderful and vibrant community.