中国土家族人群头面部软组织厚度的测量

目的测量中国土家族人群头面部软组织厚度。方法156名中国湖南西部土家族成年男女(男80,女76),经拍摄头面部侧位X线片,选取正中矢状面5个部位上的10个点,测量其软组织厚度,并对所得数据进行统计学处理。结果中国土家族成年人群头面部10个点的软组织厚度测量值,男性在(3.46±0.09)mm~(9.11±0.14)mm范围,女性在(3.29±0.16)mm~(9.05±0.18)mm;除鼻下点外(男性9.06mm±0.15mm,女性9.02mm±0.19mm),男女性之间各点均有显著性差异,且下面部软组织厚度较上面部大。结论土家族成年男女性头面部软组织厚度存在着性别差异和年龄差异。     

Population genetics for Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tujia ethnic group

Allele and haplotype frequencies of 11 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) included in the PowerPlex^® Y Systems (Promega) were determined in a sample of 215 unrelated healthy male individuals of Chinese Tujia ethnic group living in Chongqing (Southwest of China). The gene diversity values of the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.3757(DYS391) to 0.9170 (DYS385a/b). A total of 195 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 180 were unique, 11 were found in two individuals, 3 were shared in three individuals and 1 was shared in four individuals. The observed haplotype diversity value and discrimination capacity were 0.9942 and 0.9070, respectively.     

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Chinese Han and Li ethnic populations from Hainan Island by 30 autosomal insertion/deletion polymorphisms

With the characteristics of low mutation rate, length variation and short amplicon size, insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) have the advantages of both short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Herein, people of two ethnicities from Hainan Island were genotyped for the first time using the Investigator DIPplex kit. We investigated the forensic parameters of the 30 InDels and the phylogenetic relationships among different populations. The accumulated powers of discrimination and powers of exclusion were 0.999 999 999 9646 and 0.9897 in the Hainan Han population and 0.999 999 999 9292 and 0.9861 in the Hainan Li population, respectively. Additionally, population comparisons among geographically, ethnically and linguistically diverse populations via cluster heatmap, multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, phylogenetic tree and STRUCTURE analyses demonstrated that the Hainan Han population had genetic similarities to the other Han, She and Tujia populations, while the Hainan Li population had close genetic relationships to the Zhuang and Miao groups; both populations had a high degree of genetic differentiation from most Turkic-speaking populations. Aforementioned results suggested that the 30 autosomal InDels are highly polymorphic and informative, which are suitable for human identification and population genetics.     

3个miniSTR基因座在湖南汉族人群中的遗传多态性

目的建立扩增片段小于120bp,包括D10S1248、D2S441和D1S16773个miniSTR基因座的复合扩增系统,并调查其在湖南汉族人群中的遗传多态性。方法采用不同荧光染料标记引物,通过PCR扩增,利用ABI 310遗传分析仪对186份无关个体血样进行3个miniSTR基因座片段长度分析。结果D10S1248、D2S441和D1S1677 miniSTR基因座均获得了清晰的基因分型结果,经对186名无关个体进行分析,分别检出9、7、7个等位基因和21、19、15种基因型,基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。3个基因座在湖南汉族人群的非父排除率和个体识别力分别为0．465、0．491、0．361和0．886、0．899、0．818。结论建立的3个miniSTR基因座扩增系统在DNA高度降解检材分析中具有较高的应用价值,并且在湖南汉族人群中具有较好的遗传多态性,可应用于个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

论清末湖南的法学教育

从清朝末年的维新运动时期开始 ,湖南已有中西合璧的近代法学教育。 2 0世纪初 ,湖南的法学教育已经以多种方式进行 ,主要包括以学生为对象的国内学堂教育 ,以官员为对象的课吏馆或仕学馆的培训教育和组织出国留学法律。其中 ,学堂法学教育又从仅作为一般课程教育发展为法学专门学堂教育。清末湖南的法学教育服从于兴学育才、推行新政、挽救清王朝的大目标。结果 ,不但培养了法学人才 ,而且造就了推翻满清封建王朝的生力军。清末湖南的法学教育又为民国初年湖南法学教育的发展奠定了基础。     

南通汉族人群17个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的分析南通汉族人群的基因表型,评测17个Y-STR基因座在南通人群中的应用价值。方法采集343名南通汉族男性无关个体的外周血样本,通过Chelex-100法提取基因组DNA,用Amp FlSTR Yfiler~(TM)试剂盒进行基因分型,并与12个汉族人群[安徽、江苏、江西、山东、上海、浙江(1)、兰州、南阳、泸州、牡丹江、山西和浙江(2)]以及9个少数民族人群(蒙古族、锡伯族、拉萨藏族、青海藏族、哈萨克族、维吾尔族、满族、台湾排湾族和土家族)进行比较。结果南通汉族群体在17个Y-STR基因座共检出327种单倍型,单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity,HD)值为0.999 7,与其他人群间的R_(st)值范围为-0.000 6~0.263 5。多维尺度图结果显示南通汉族人群与大多数汉族人群之间差异无统计学意义,但明显有别于其他少数民族人群。结论 17个Y-STR基因座在南通汉族人群中的群体多态性高,具有法医学应用价值。     

湖南法治政府建设实践的经验启示

2008年以来，湖南省出台了一系列政策法规文件，构筑形成了全面建设法治政府“一纲要一规划两规定六办法”的政策法规格局，并在具体实践中真抓实干、敢为人先，取得显著实效，引起全国上下广泛关注，形成中国法治政府建设所谓的“湖南模式”。“法治湖南”实践正在以其独特的内容和魅力促动着中国法治政府建设全面起航。通过探讨促动“法治湖南”建设实践动因，详细分析限权和服务为轴的湖南法治政府建设实践：一方面通过程序规控行政权力，达致“正确地做事”之目的，另一方面通过规定政府服务内容，追求“做正确的事”之目标。在此基础上，解析了湖南法治政府建设实践的经验启示。     

Genetic variation and relationships at five STR loci in five distinct ethnic groups in China

Five short tandem repeat (STR) systems of TH01, vWA, LPL, F13B and FES/FPS were investigated in five ethnic groups living in China (Tujia, Miao, Bai, Chaoxian and Han). All five loci did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). At the five loci of each ethnic group, the observed heterozygosity, the mean exclusion chance (MEC), and the power of discrimination (PD) ranged from 0.42 to 0.86, from 0.20 to 0.66 and from 0.61 to 0.95, respectively. For the five ethnic groups, the combined MEC and combined PD were >0. 9360 and >0.9998, respectively, suggesting that combinations of these five systems are feasible for DNA typing in forensic investigations such as personal identification or paternity testing. Furthermore, the allelic frequencies at the five loci suggested that these five ethnic groups were distinctly different communities. Judging from the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the genetic distance among the five ethnic groups, Han, Chaoxian and Tujia were involved in an identical cluster, and Miao and Bai in another. These findings indicate that each of the five groups examined is not only a distinct community, but also has a relationship with each of the others.     

中国5个汉族群体PentaD和PentaE基因座的遗传多态性

目的研究PentaD、PentaE基因座在中国广西、湖南、河南、四川、台湾汉族5个群体遗传多态性,比较它们之间的遗传学差异。方法用ProwerPlex(?)16 System荧光标记试剂盒(Promega公司)检测其多态性。结果PentaD、PentaE基因座在5个群体共646名无关个体中分别检出10、19个等位基因,PentaD在湖南汉族首次检出等位基因19。PentaE在河南汉族首次检出等位基因7。PentaD和PentaE在各群体的期望杂合度分别为0.7746～0.8047和0.9005-0.9219,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.7710～0.8025和0.8969-0.9176,个体识别率为0.9223-0.9341和0.9471-0.9782,非父排除率(PE)为0.5435-0.6325和0.6785-0.8465。结论PentaD、PentaE是高度多态性STR基因座,在法医学中有重要应用价值。     

Metrical and non-metrical assessment of population affinity from the calcaneus

To date, there are no metric standards for differentiating between population groups from measurements of the calcaneus in South Africa. Previously, some of the measurements of the calcaneus have been used for sex determination in Americans, Europeans, Italians and South Africans. However, the variations in the number of articular facet present on the superior surface of the calcaneus have been observed in different population groups. This study aims at investigating the potentials of measurements of the calcaneus in diagnosing population affinity and observes population variations of the number of articular facet present on its superior surface in indigenous South Africans and those of European descent. Nine measurements were taken from 180 non-pathological left calcanei in a sample of known sex and population affinity obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Three articular facet types were observed. A significantly higher incidence of type A was observed in South Africans of European descent (SAED) population group while type B predominated in the indigenous South African (ISA) population group. Type C even though rare was found only in ISA group. The metrical data were subjected to discriminant function analyses. The average accuracy in correct classification (81-89%) obtained for the discriminant function equations derived in this study may assist in the determination of population affinity when the calcaneus is present for analysis in forensic cases.     

法治湖南建设的路径选择——从公民政治参与的角度

法治湖南建设是法治国家建设的逻辑演绎。以公民政治参与为逻辑起点，阐述公民政治参与对法治湖南的建设的价值，描述法治湖南建设过程中公民政治参与所取得的成绩及存在的困惑，从而提出法治湖南建设中提升公民政治参与的路径选择。     

STR data for the AmpFℓSTR Identifiler loci from Swedish population in comparison to European, as well as with non-European population

The modern Swedish population is a mixture of people that originate from different parts of the world. This is also the truth for the clients participating in the paternity cases investigated at the department. Calculations based on a Swedish frequency database only, could give us overestimated figures of probability and power of exclusion in cases including clients with a genetic background other than Swedish. Here, we describe allele frequencies regarding the markers in the Identifiler-kit. We have compared three sets of population samples; Swedish, European and non-European to investigate how these three groups of population samples differ. Also, all three population sets were compared to data reported from other European and non-European populations.Swedish allele frequencies for the 15 autosomal STRs included in the Identifiler kit were obtained from unrelated blood donors with Swedish names. The European and non-European frequencies were based on DNA-profiles of alleged fathers from our paternity cases in 2005 and 2006.     

法治湖南建设进程中道路交通安全综合治理对策研究

随着经济社会的快速发展,道路交通安全成我省亟需破解的一大民生问题,也是我省法治建设的重要示范窗口。从法治角度审视,湖南省道路交通安全综合治理主要存在立法不完善、有法不依、执法不严和法律实施监督不力等问题。因此,搞好道路交通安全综合治理顶层设计,完善立法,严格执法,加强执法监督,多措并举,从源头做好道路交通安全治理,消除道路交通安全隐患,是提高我省道路交通安全综合治理水平的根本之道。     

Offending behaviour programmes in the community: The effects on reconviction of three programmes with adult male offenders

Purpose . This study presents the findings of an evaluation of the effect on reconviction of three general offending behaviour programmes in the English and Welsh Probation Service with adult male offenders. Method . The study employed a quasi‐experimental design comparing the reconviction rates of three groups: offenders who were allocated to and completed a programme, offenders allocated to a programme but failed to complete, and a comparison group. Results . The main finding from the analyses indicated that, controlling for salient population factors, the offenders who had completed a programme had a lower rate of reconviction as compared with non‐completers and comparison groups. Additionally, the non‐completers had a higher rate of reconviction than the comparison group. Conclusions . The findings are discussed in light of the extant literature and a range of explanations is presented.     

湘江长株潭段生态经济带建设的法律措施实施五年评析

湖南省在建设生态和谐社会中创造性地提出了一个生态法律概念——湘江长株潭段生态经济带，并制定了一系列的法律措施。但是，这些法律措施实施五年来却进展很小。或许，管理者已将重点转移到长株潭城市群区域建设上来。建议管理者继续坚持湘江生态经济带建设，并将范围扩大到整个湘江流域。     

两种骨龄标准推断女性14岁年龄的准确度

目的研究李果珍百分计数法和中国人手腕骨发育标准CHN法在推断女性14岁年龄时的准确度。方法在湖南娄底三所中学随机选择51名14岁女生,同一条件下拍摄左手腕X线片;按照上述两种方法由专业人员阅片;对比两种方法所得结果及其与真实年龄间的差异。结果计数法和CHN法测得的骨龄与研究对象的实际年龄间无显著性差异(P>0.05),两种方法比较也未见明显差异(P>0.05)。结论计数法和CNH法可用于湖南地区女性14岁年龄的推断。     

Assessing forensic applications of the frontal sinus in a Chinese Han population

The frontal sinus is an important tool of personal identification. To assess the forensic applications of the frontal sinus patterns in a Chinese Han population, 198 individuals were analyzed. 165 individuals who have the frontal sinus were observed in this population, and 12 parameters of the frontal sinus were observed according to Yoshino’s method. The same combined code was found in three persons from our samples. The unilateral frontal sinus scalloped with one arcade has few parameters applied to personal identification, and shows the poorer discrimination power. These parameters showed better discrimination power in our population, and could be applied to personal identification.     

广告语言变异及语用目的分析

语言的使用是语言使用者不断作出语言选择的过程。语言交际中语言变异现象十分普遍,它既是一种特殊的语言现象,更是一种交际策略。广告语言是最不“规范”的语言。语言变异是广告语言的主要特点之一。本文从语音变异、词汇变异、句法变异、语义变异、书写变异等五个方面探讨了广告语言变异的袁现形式及其语用目的。     

Characterising the psychiatric comorbidities among adults with ADHD who have a history of offending

The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among adult offenders is significantly higher than in the general population. Adults with ADHD often present with multiple psychiatric comorbidities. This study aims to characterise the comorbidities presented by adults with ADHD who have offended and also to investigate predictors of offending among this population. Seventy-three participants with a diagnosis of adult ADHD were divided into a group with a history of offending behaviour (n = 30) and a group of non-offenders (n = 43). Groups were compared on measures of ADHD symptoms, substance use and DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – 3rd Edition. Major depression, cannabis use and childhood hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms predicted offending. These findings indicate that adults with ADHD who have a history of offending behaviour are more likely to present with complex psychiatric needs.