共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 843 毫秒
1.
Gerd Langguth 《Asia Europe Journal》2003,1(1):25-42
With Asia's economy still booming in the second half of the 1990's “Asian values” were announced by some politicians (Lee
Kuan Yew, Mahatir, Ishihara, Mahbubani etc.) and contrasted with “Western values”. Soon a controversial debate within Asia
ensued (Kim, Fidel Ramos ea..), into which also the western democracies joined. The “West” however reacted rather defensively
to the new assertiveness of some Asian statesmen, inspite of the fact that the authors of this debate put into question the
western dominance in global value setting which has been in existence since the French revolution. But has this debate withstood
the test of time, the challenges posed by the recession in Asia and by the ever increasing globalization? Hardly. The crisis
has destroyed the notion that “Asian values” had been the main cause and guarantor of Asia's exorbitant growth rates.
While in the West Christianity forms the essential basics of culture, in Asia there is a multitude of coexisting - and frequently
confronting world religions. There is no other continent which in cultural and political terms is so contradictory and potentially
conflict ridden like Asia. “Asianism” as a concept was surely also intended as an instrument to integrate multiethnic Asian
societies with weak internal cohesion. At the same time it served to neutralize the human rights issue.
In the meantime the debate has become quieter and more dispassionate. In the developed West the notion gained acceptance to
abandon “Eurocentrism”. At the same time there is recognition that “Asian values” are not exclusive. Also in Europe the family
plays a special role. A debate on values is needed for societal integration – also in the “West” which should become more
aware of the need to reassert the origins of its own spiritual foundations. Following September 11th the west is well advised
to continue the dialogue on values with Asia.
Update and expanded version of an article first published in: Au?enpolitik IV/1996, p. 326 “Beginnt das pazifische Jahrhundert?”
I would like to thank Julia Prati for the translation of the updated and expanded version of this article 相似文献
2.
Regionalisation of higher education services in Europe and East Asia and potential for global change
César de Prado Yepes 《Asia Europe Journal》2007,5(1):83-92
International provision of higher education services in both European and East Asian countries increasingly have a regional
dimension. The European Union has since 1987 promoted the mobility of students, faculty, and content through its Erasmus Programmes.
The ‘Bologna’ process that began in 1998/1999 now brings over 40 European countries together to create a European Higher Education
Area by the end of the current decade. Meanwhile, East Asian countries (10 in ASEAN, plus P.R. China, Japan and South Korea)
are also in a process of internationalising their higher education sector with an increasing regional component. Led by Japan,
the “ASEAN+3 study group on facilitation and promotion of exchange of people and human resource development” advanced a comprehensive
report, welcomed by the East Asian leaders meeting in October 2003, that strives for regional promotion of lifelong learning
programs; credit transfer systems; scholarships and exchange programs for students, faculty, staff; research and development
cooperation; ‘centres of excellence’ including e-learning; and curricular development as bases for common regional qualification
standards among interested institutions. Both regional processes could reinforce each other in various ways, but possibly
chiefly through the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) process, unique among various recent inter-regional dialogue and cooperation
processes around the world. Moreover, European and East Asian converging higher education processes could help the rest of
the world through world inter-regionalism, and through an overhaul of international organisations dealing with higher education.
This research was mainly funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Secretary of State for Universities and
Research, cofinanced by the European Social Fund. A research fellowship from the Japan Foundation’s Japanese Studies and Intellectual
Exchange Department is also kindly acknowledged.
相似文献
César de Prado YepesEmail: |
3.
Bernhard May 《Asia Europe Journal》2005,3(1):37-47
Europe, the United States and East Asia are linked together through bilateral relations as well as a kind of trilateral relationship. There are three legs: Looking from a European perspective, the strongest relationship is the transatlantic relationship; secondly, there is a growing relationship between the United States and East Asia; and thirdly, the weakest link is the European-East Asian relationship.In this article I will focus, first, on this global triangle between East Asia, Europe and the United States. Secondly, I will discuss the question whether ASEM, APEC and ASEAN are competing or cooperating. Thirdly, I will analyze the question how the US looks at ASEM. Concluding I will argue that the US should take ASEM more seriously – not least because of US interests.This paper was written as part of a project on Backlash against Globalization that is supported by the Otto Wolff Foundation, Cologne, and The German Marshall Fund of the United States, Washington, DC. 相似文献
4.
The Korea–EU relations have undergone a substantive change during the last two decades. The bilateral Framework Agreement,
which was first signed in 1996 and updated in 2009, has upgraded the bilateral relationship to a considerable extent. The
common membership of Korea and the EU to the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) has also expanded and deepened the channels of official
contacts between the two parties. Among these factors, the Korea–EU FTA Agreement, which was initialed in October 2009, appears
to have the potential to affect the relationship most strongly. The results of elites’ interviews conducted during September
2009–April 2010 largely verifies this in a number of interesting aspects. Especially, most of the Korean elites perceive the
Korea–EU FTA as an opportunity to maximize the effects arising from “the expanded markets”, “reduced market risks” and “harmonized
European business practices leading to reduced transactions costs”. This also has had substantially positive impact on their
perception of the EU’s importance to Korea. 相似文献
5.
This article argues that the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) process of multidimensional dialogue plays a prominent role in addressing issues of transnational security in both regions mainly in the field of soft and non-traditional security affairs. Furthermore, this significance and effectiveness of ASEM as a tool for mutually enhancing security could be further enhanced through such measures as greater co-operation between the UN and regional organizations, greater complementary efforts from Civil Society, pro-active engagement of ASEM in a changing security environment, greater convergence with other regional security groupings, opening of avenues for track 2 contributions, and heightened consistency in the commitment of the European Union to the process. Despite questions and challenges that ASEM may face, ASEM is now a clear reference in Europe and in Asia – and in Southeast Asia in particular-for security issues.This text reflects the personal views of the author. 相似文献
6.
Christopher M. Dent 《Asia Europe Journal》2003,1(2):223-235
At the fundamental level, the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) framework represents an endeavour by the European Union and a group
of East Asian states to forge closer inter-regional relations between them. This paper examines the global and tripolar contexts
in which ASEM emerged, and its position in the new post-Cold War architecture of international relations. It more specifically
considers the prime motivating factors of both the EU and East Asia for initially promoting the ASEM idea. The main purposes,
structures, processes and achievements of ASEM inter-regional diplomacy are then studied. Regarding the latter, it is argued
that ASEM's achievements can be broadly judged by the extent it has fostered micro-networking and macro-networking linkages
between both regions. Micro-networking primarily relates to ASEM's various socialisation processes and functions on which
wider macro-networking ties between the peoples of Europe and East Asia can be further built. However, Eurasian links are
still relatively under-developed in comparison to their transpacific and transatlantic counterparts. As such, ASEM faces many
challenges ahead along the long path to establishing East Asia – EU trans-regionalism. 相似文献
7.
Zhimin Chen 《Asia Europe Journal》2005,3(3):361-378
Among the three core regions in today's world, Europe, North America and East Asia, interregional arrangements have been developed
in various forms. Transatlantic relations were institutionalized in the form of a security alliance (NATO), although not in
the field of economic relations. The transpacific relations were institutionalized in the economic field with the creation
of APEC in late 1980s. The Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) emerged in 1996, with an aim to strengthen the ‘weak leg’ in the triadic
interregional relationship. Although the three sets of triadic interregional arrangements display discernable differences,
they tend to share some identical functions, such as balancing, governance and identity building. Interregionalism rests on
and promotes multi-polarization, complementing the multilateral system, and could be seen as an indispensable element of the
world order, which may be better characterized as a multi-level governance system. 相似文献
8.
Lee Cheuk Yin 《Asia Europe Journal》2003,1(1):43-59
The stellar economic performance of the Asia-Pacific region in the 90s led many scholars to credit Confucianism as the impetus
for it provided the cultural background conducive for entrepreneurs of this region to excel. Some even believed that a “Confucian
Revival” is at hand and have proposed the 21st century to be the “Confucian Century”.
Although the causes of economic growth and success are complex and likely to vary from one country to another, the significance
of culture has been emphasized. Hicks and Redding (1983) commented, “as there are well over a hundred developing countries,
the almost perfect correlation between Chinese heritage and economic success could hardly be due to chance.” Another study
by Gordon Redding (1990) on the spirit of Chinese capitalism suggested a strong link between Confucian values and modern overseas
Chinese business enterprises.
However, when the same region triggered a global economic crisis a few years ago, fingers were also pointed at Confucianism,
naming it as the culprit behind the downfall of Chinese entrepreneurship. Further, people often loosely refer to Confucianism
or Asian Values when analyzing factors relevant to the economy and social matters. They do so without first synthesizing the
system of thought upon which they base their claims, thereby weakening their arguments. Moreover, studies on Chinese values
are certainly insufficient if not misconstrued by scholars with no Chinese background. How then does Confucianism influence
Asian countries? Do Chinese values still exist in modern Chinese societies? Using quantificational tools to support our thesis,
this comparative study attempts to investigate whether Confucianism or traditional Chinese values still played an important
role in shaping the mind and attitude of modern Chinese in Singapore and China. 相似文献
9.
Taufik Abdullah 《Asia Europe Journal》2003,1(1):61-74
The article reviews the effects of “colonial discourse” for the interpretation of national history in colonized Asian nations.
Eurocentric perspectives in early Western narratives and historiography were followed by postcolonial myths termed “cultural
nationalism” after independence. The native intelligentsia had acquired modern concepts of nation, nationalism, progress,
welfare, democracy and technological modernity from their erstwhile colonial masters. Once the “democratic honeymoon” following
independence had turned sour the artificially conceived myths of “cultural nationalism” served to justify various dictatorial
regimes. Yet this ideology fails at it is presently being challenged by globalization, representing normative and economic
pressures to orient towards the one single dominant pattern of Western liberal capitalism in all spheres. 相似文献
10.
Chaibong Hahm 《Asia Europe Journal》2006,4(4):477-489
Liberty is a concept absent in, and alien to, Confucianism. The term “tsu-you,” (or “cha-yu,” in Korean) is a modern neologism concocted by East Asian thinkers in the 19th century struggling to translate and come to grips with Western political theory. Moreover, the term that they ultimately decided to use was a Taoist, not a Confucian, term. Hence, if this lecture was entitled “Concept of Liberty in Confucianism,” it would have been a very short one. Confucianism has no room for liberty.
相似文献
Chaibong HahmEmail: |
11.
Hamideh P. Ramjerdi 《Asia Europe Journal》2007,5(2):253-265
Solow’s Growth Model Solow (Q J Econ 70:65–94, 1956) and aggregate data are applied to estimates the increase in productivity due international trade and the
resulting technical change and capital augmentation for the years 1970 to 1978 and 1978 (the beginning of the reforms and
“open door” policy in China) to 1993. According this paper’s estimations the GDP per man hour in 1978 increased by 1.76 times
for the year 1970, from $0.1233 in 1970 to $0.2169 in 1978, and in 1993 by 5.23 time that of 1978 to $1.1348 in 1993. For
the period under study due to “open door” policy the GDP per man-hour more than quadrupled, and 76.18% of this increase was
due to technical changes and the remaining 23.82 was due to capital augmentation. The paper consists of five sections. “Introduction”
Section reviews some of the growth literature as well as looking at the macroeconomic measures of China’s economic performance
since 1978 the beginning of the reforms. “Data” Section explains the data modifications. “Empirical results” Section portrays
the empirical results and the next indicates conclusions.
This paper is dedicated to the memories of Late Dr. Anthony D’Amato, who was a Professor at W. Paul Stillman School of Business
at Seton Hall University South Orange, New Jersey.
相似文献
Hamideh P. RamjerdiEmail: |
12.
Michael Reiterer 《Asia Europe Journal》2009,7(1):179-196
Since its inception in 1996 ASEM has provided an opportunity for focussing relations between the EU and East Asia as a forum
for informal multilayered dialogue and building a framework for enhanced cooperation in the political, economic and social/cultural
fields. Inter-regionalism, of which ASEM is the incarnation in the EU-Asia relationship, developed into an important policy
tool of the EU in an effort to maintain a multipolar setting. Regional identities in Asia are at a different level when comparing
South East Asia, North East Asia, East Asia and South and Central Asia. ASEM contributed to a certain extent to the region
building in East Asia. Although the economic pillar of ASEM turned out to be the more important one when compared to the political
and the people-to-people pillars, it will not become the basis for a (deep) inter-regional free trade agreement because of
the diversity of the Asian members, reinforced by the last ASEM enlargement. However, turning weakness into strength, ASEM
could become the EU’s vehicle for a more holistic approach to Asia thereby fostering a more economic and political multipolar
world order. The financial melt down of the international financial order lead to the rediscovery of the need for international
cooperation not only on the level of business but also among states. Making use of ASEM, developed over the last 12 years,
could provide the much needed platform in the EU-Asia relationship.
The author, Adjunct Professor for International Politics at the University of Innsbruck, formerly served as ASEM Counsellor
of the European Commission as well as Minister and Deputy Head of the Delegation of the European Commission to Japan and is
presently EC Ambassador to Switzerland. He contributes this paper solely in his academic capacity and the views expressed
should not be attributed to the European Commission; the thoughtful comments by Brigid Gavin on the draft are appreciated
and the research assistance of Tilo Wagner is recognised.
相似文献
Michael ReitererEmail: |
13.
Evi Fitriani 《Asia Europe Journal》2011,9(1):43-56
The inauguration of the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) in Bangkok in March 1996 has created enthusiasm and hopes for closer inter-regional
relations between Asia and Europe. This article observes how behaviors of European countries representatives in the ASEM process
have significantly shaped the perceptions of Asian officials and people about the EU and European intentions to develop mutually
beneficial relations with Asia. It employs a constructivist framework in which the ASEM process is treated as a dynamic social
setting for not only Asia–Europe inter-regional interactions but also intra-Asia socialization. Methodologically, it is a
qualitative research with an inductive process and interpretive method. The research uses qualitative data, gathered from
various sources and 82 in-depth interviews with diplomats, scholars, journalists, business peoples and civil society representatives
in five Asian countries. This study finds that some behaviors of EU participants at ASEM or ASEF interregional forums are
counterproductive for EU efforts to develop robust relations with Asian countries. The polarization between Asian and European
groups in the ASEM or ASEF meetings, caused by political issues and colonial memory, contributed to the difficulties in trust-building
between Asian and European participants. In addition, by their frequent absence from ASEM Summits, EU leaders squandered rare
opportunities for a ‘meeting of minds and hearts’ with their Asian counterparts. This process seems to be a precondition for
Asians to develop tangible cooperation. 相似文献
14.
Robert Ash 《Asia Europe Journal》2006,4(2):177-196
In China, the inequalities generated by the reforms in the last two decades have been increasing. As a result, the unequal regional and sectoral impact of development associated with the growth-maximisation strategy, has given rise to increasingly severe social and economic tensions and contradictions. The threats to political stability posed by these developments remain, for the time being, potential more than real. But the damage which they have caused to the social, economic and environmental fabric of China is already evident. The main critical facts are: 1) the rise in urban unemployment, both de facto and concealed, that has accompanied the halting restructuring programme among state-owned enterprises (SOEs); 2) the massive reservoir of underemployment that affects at least 130 million farmers; 3) the absence of even basic social security provision for the sick, the unemployed and the old; and the highly differentiated access to education; 4) the pervasiveness of corruption and its destructive impact on the normative framework that usually regulates human economic and social behaviour, to the detriment of the social contract between state and individual.Economic and social polarisation associated with China’s growth-maximisation strategy has become the single most important domestic issue facing the Chinese government. Emphasis by the Hun Jintao-Wen Jiabao administration on a new “people-centred” development strategy highlights the urgency of this problem. When added to the pressures of resource shortages and environmental degradation, the case in favour of shifting from growth-maximisation to sustainability appears to be unanswerable. These are the concerns that have prompted government leaders and officials to question China’s existing development strategy and to formulate a “scientific” concept of sustainable and “harmonious” development.The most authoritative explanation of the new strategy was articulated by Hu Jintao in a speech he made in May 2004, which was subsequently republished in the Party’s leading theoretical journal (Qiushi). In it, Hu demanded a radical change in China’s growth model from one characterised by “high input, high consumption, high pollution, and low efficiency” to a new approach, based on “high science and technology contents, good economic benefit, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution, and full exploitation of human resource advantages.” This change in emphasis was designed to help resolve “prominent contradictions”, such as the excessive pace and scale of fixed-asset investment, which threatened not only to exacerbate resource shortages, but also to generate inflationary pressures attendant on excessive expansion of credit.
相似文献
Robert AshEmail: |
15.
Seán Golden 《Asia Europe Journal》2006,4(2):265-294
This paper presents a comparative study about words and about sovereignty; about the ancestry of the words that construct the discourse of sovereignty in the context of China; about the analysis and interpretation of the civic discourse and the rhetoric that construct Chinese sovereignty in the field of international relations and foreign policy, and about the consequences of this analysis and interpretation for the formulation of EU foreign policy with regard to East Asia, especially China, and the United States, as well as the feedback that notions of sovereignty have on the construction of Chinese civic discourse. For many contemporary Chinese thinkers, China should modernise without repeating the process of modernism, should leap over the system of values established by the Enlightenment that seemed to justify imperialism, and develop an economy and institutions that would serve to create wealth and to raise the standard of living of the population, without imposing values that are advantageous to a “West” that is already wealthy. They have identified a cultural dissidence within developed societies that advocates the values of postmodernism as a way of rejecting the values of modernism. In this context, they advocate the possibility of modernising their society without having to accept the imposition of values that originated in societies that have already begun to question them. In this way, China could reach postmodernism in a relatively short period of history without having to pass through the traumas that characterised the development of modernism in the “West” over a period of centuries (it would be difficult not to discern echoes of Mao Zedong’s “Great Leap Forward” in these Chinese versions of the postmodernist paradigm). The communicative strategy to be adopted by the EU in the rhetorical construction of its dialogue with China should be fully cognizant of and sensitive to the criteria of China’s moral order as outlined in this study and specified in the Five Principles (mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity; non-aggression; non-interference in each other’s internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence), the Spirit of Shanghai and the ASEAN Way, with special emphasis on mutual recognition, parity of esteem, and mutual benefit. Any other discourse will be perceived semiotically as unilateralist and exploitative. Respect for diversity is paramount, and the ability to harmonise diversity is a major function of Chinese political and cultural thought. “Harmony” and “peace” are the same word in classical Chinese:
hé (
hépíng is the modern word for “peace” and
héshēng is the modern word for “harmony”). As a result, any practice that produced harmony, such as music or cooking, was a form of training for maintaining peace, social cohesion and solidarity in society (or among nations).
相似文献
Seán GoldenEmail: |
16.
Howard Loewen 《Asia Europe Journal》2007,5(1):23-31
Practitioners and researchers have repeatedly portrayed the Asia–Europe Meeting as an institution that is not fully able to
realize its agenda-setting potential in global negotiations or discourses. This paper argues that this assessment basically
holds true even after 10 years of cooperation: Although ASEM tries to improve on this meagre balance by establishing a virtual
secretariat and advancing common positions on trade, finance and environmental issues, cooperation between Asian and European
states is frequently marred by the pitfalls of informality and the antagonisms of different cooperation cultures. Yet, successful
moulding of common positions on climate change resulting in the adoption of a respective declaration may indicate an improved
multilateral effectiveness of ASEM.
Howard Loewen is senior research fellow at the Institute of Asian Studies (now part of GIGA German Institute of Global and
Area Studies) in Hamburg. 相似文献
17.
Paul Lim 《Asia Europe Journal》2003,1(1):121-141
As a leading civil servant behind the ASEM process, one would expect that Dr. Reiterer would reveal more of what was and is
actually happening in the ASEM process among participants and hence in the position of making insightful analysis. He is making
an analysis from close quarters which is different from that of Ms. Yeo who is analyzing ASEM as an outsider. It is however
also evident that Ms. Yeo had much access to the actors of ASEM and its documents and to a certain extent is close to the
ASEM process. An insider's position and that of an outsider can result in different assessments but this is not the case with
these two volumes. Rather both books complement each other well.
Associate Professor at the School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, and Senior Research Associate of the European
Institute for Asian Studies (EIASOA) in Brussels. He is also Overseas Research Fellow of Sungkonghoe University in Seoul. 相似文献
18.
Sun-Jin Yun 《Asia Europe Journal》2012,10(1):57-73
Korea has been one of the most aggressive countries pursuing nuclear power expansion, ranking in the top five nations globally
for the installation capacity of nuclear power plants, nuclear power generation, and the number of reactors in operation.
Even after the Fukushima accident, the Korean government has made no policy changes in regards to nuclear power, and public
support for nuclear power remains relatively high. This study focuses on the role of the mass media in representing the Korean
government’s benefit-oriented nuclear frame and the persistence of public support in the country for nuclear power. The study
further aims to answer the following questions: What kind of frame was mobilized by the mass media? What kinds of speakers
were chosen by the media to represent a particular side to the issue? A total of three conservative, progressive, and business
newspapers were analyzed. The benefits and/or risks of nuclear power in the context of climate change were major topics in
the three newspapers. The benefit and risk frame constructed in these three newspapers was characterized as “slightly risky
but significantly beneficial” in the conservative Chosun Daily and MK Business and “seemingly beneficial but intrinsically
risky” in the progressive Hankyoreh. Different frames were contested in the three newspapers; however, because the influential
power of Korean progressive newspapers is weak, arguments supporting the growth and benefits of nuclear power have become
pervasive in Korea. 相似文献
19.
Carola Hommerich 《Asia Europe Journal》2008,5(4):479-498
With a period of economic recession, rising numbers of unemployed and an increase in non-regular employment, the situation
on the German and the Japanese labour market has undergone a change over the past two decades. At the beginning of the twenty-first
century a generation of newcomers entered working life under changed conditions. In this paper, I will analyse whether the
individual perception of worsening chances on the labour market will have an effect on the attitudes to and expectations of
work prevalent amongst young entrants to the labour market drawing upon Ronald Inglehart’s theory of value change as a theoretical
base. An analysis of qualitative interviews with Japanese Furītā and members of the German ‘Generation Internship’ will explore whether patterns of work values can be identified that call
for an extension of Inglehart’s value concept of “materialist” versus “post-materialist”, namely suggesting the existence
of a ‘precarious post-materialist’. The discussion concludes with a short analysis of quantitative data, to see whether this
new value type might also be identified in a broader context.
相似文献
Carola HommerichEmail: |
20.
Amy T. Y. Lai 《Asia Europe Journal》2008,5(4):519-528
This essay studies the processes of globalization and resistance in Austria by using the Japanese cartoon character, Hello
Kitty, as a case study. Bringing in a number of significant researches on this cartoon character, it targets the “hybridization”
process involved in the Hello Kitty Magazine, a major form of publicity in the country, before moving onto actual reception of the character in Austria, which has apparently
taken the form of “resistance”. As such, the essay fills the gap in current researches on globalization in Austrian studies,
which mainly focus on Americanization but not Japanization, as well as supplements Kinsella’s influential essay on the Japanization
of European youths, which focuses on the United Kingdom, but not the rest of Europe.
相似文献
Amy T. Y. LaiEmail: |