难忘的生死考验岁月——亲历也门萨那保卫战(上)

人生最难忘的莫过于生死考验和艰苦磨练;外交人员最感欣慰的莫过于赢得友谊和为国争光.我就是在努力营造这种氛围的拼搏中度过了自己外交生涯的最初阶段.这段不平凡的经历迄今镂骨铭心.     

伯恩施坦的生平和思想发展过程

本文以资本主义的发展和社会主义运动的历史为背景,对伯恩施坦的生平和思想发展过程做了全面的评介,并对社会主义运动和学术界对伯恩施坦的看法进行了评析.     

Child Health and Rainfall in Early Life

This article investigates the links between early-life rainfall and long-term child health in Indonesia. The model specification pays close attention to the timing of rainfall before and after birth, and to the mechanisms by which rainfall might affect health. The model separates out effects of the amount of rainfall from variability in rainfall, and the direction of variability. Results provide evidence of early life rainfall having both nutrition and disease effects on child height-for-age, especially for urban children.     

The death of offenders in England and Wales

The death of offenders in the community has received considerably less attention than the death of prisoners, although limited research suggests that community offenders may be even more vulnerable to death than prisoners. This study compared the nature and extent of death among prisoners (n = 236) and offenders serving community sentences or ex-prisoners receiving postcustodial supervision by the Probation Service (n = 1,267) in England and Wales in 1996 and 1997. Information contained in death certificates was used to code for mode of death. Prisoners and community offenders were found to be reasonably similar in vulnerability to suicide/self-inflicted death; however, the risk of accidental death and homicide was greater for community offenders, and drugs and alcohol played a bigger part in their deaths. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

Profile and Life Span of the PKK Guerillas

This study attempts to explore the span of a life in a specific terrorist organization, the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). It suggests the following: The average lifespan of a person in the PKK is about two-and-a-half years (i.e., not a very long one). Females join the PKK at a younger age (about 1.4 years) and die at a younger age (about 1.4 years) compared to males, but their lifespan is not any different than that of males. The age at which a PKK member joins the organization, and the age at which (s)he dies varies by year. The age at which a PKK member joins the organization, and the age at which (s)he dies varies by where (s)he comes from. Still, another interesting observation is that the average lifespan of a PKK member varies by where (s)he comes from.     

阿拉法特逝世与中东局势

阿拉法特的病逝对中东时局的发展具有举足轻重的影响,他的去世使巴方内部和本已动荡不定的中东时局面临诸多变数.阿拉法特的去世,标志着一个时代的光荣和梦想走向终结,一个新的时期,也可以说是巴勒斯坦和中东地区的后阿拉法特时代来临.     

Talking about death: patterns of lay and professional change

For the past thirty years, researchers have surveyed attitudes of providers and patients to the disclosure of the diagnosis and prognosis to the dying cancer patient. Though the lay population has expressed the wish to know over time, a change in provider attitudes is apparent: physicians are now more likely to inform their dying patients of the truth than before. This trend is viewed against a number of precipitating factors: changes in perception of the impact of disclosure and changes in the basic ethical norms related to disclosure with new cohorts of younger physicians reflecting these changes. These correlate with changes in underlying social structure brought about in part by the shift to chronic disease as the paradigm for medical care. With increasingly bureaucratized health care delivery, the physician must collaborate with others who may hold different judgments about what ought to be disclosed. Some nurses not only find it right to disclose, but also in their professional interest. In such settings, honesty may be necessary to avoid conflicting messages to the patient. These shifts may signal underlying shifts in the sick role and in the medical professional role with the patient more active and more knowledgeable in medical decisions and the physician serving as a source of information and counsel.