重刑罪犯的人格特征分析

目的 探讨重刑罪犯人格特征和相关因素,为罪犯心理矫治和犯罪预防提供建议.方法 采用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,MMPI)对服刑中期和新入监的重刑罪犯进行测量.结果 比较重刑罪犯组与正常组的MMPI因子,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中F、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc因子的原始分明显高于正常组;Pd因子T均分高于常模一个标准差者所占比例最高;在F、Hs、D、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma分量表上,T分大于常模者的比例较大;两点编码超常态比例较大.结论 重刑罪犯是人格障碍的高发人群,需加强对其人格障碍的矫治研究.     

MMPI中F量表检测新兵精神疾病退兵鉴定的效果分析

目的 探讨新兵精神疾病复检和终极退兵鉴定中明尼苏达多项人格测验（MMPI）F量表的分数和相关结果,为明确诊断、甄别伪装提供参考。方法 采用MMPI对2018年1月至2022年1月来我院进行精神疾病鉴定的532名新兵进行调查。结果 F量表平均（56.13±19.96）分,F≥60分者有195人（36.70%）;F分值除女性显著高于男性外（63.02±24.85对55.49±19.40,P <0.05）,不同年龄、文化程度间差异不显著（P> 0.05）;F高低分两组在L、K及临床量表间比较差异均非常显著（P <0.01）;F分值与性别相关（P <0.05）,与Hs、D、Hy、Pd、Mf、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma和Si相关非常显著（P <0.01）;多因素分析显示F分值与Pd、Pa、Ma和女性正相关。结论部分鉴定新兵F分值及各临床量表分值均显著增高,尤其是精神病态、偏执、躁狂分值的增高为鉴定诊断提供参考,提醒专家在资料审阅、病情介绍、精神检查等方面要仔细甄别,为今后的鉴定工作提出建议和措施。     

对479名男性强制隔离戒毒人员心理健康状况的调查

本文通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)对479名男性强制隔离戒毒人员进行问卷调查,对强制隔离戒毒人员的心理健康现况进行了解.研究发现强制隔离戒毒人员的SCL-90各因子分与总分均显著高于全国常模;心理健康水平低下的总检出率为46.97％,各因子检出率排前三位的依次为:强迫、抑郁以及躯体化.强制隔离戒毒人员的心理健康状况较差,需要有针对性地进行心理辅导与帮助.     

劳教人员心理健康及其与攻击性之间的关系

为调查男性劳教人员的心理健康状况并分析其与攻击性之间的关系,以SCL-90及费立鹏等修订的Buss-Perry攻击性量表为工具,238名男性劳教人员为对象进行调查。SCL-90各因子阳性症状检出率为15.55%~42.44%;躯体化、人际敏感和敌对因子均分显著高于常模组,强迫症状因子均分显著低于常模组;焦虑、敌对、恐怖及精神病性因子与攻击性之间存在显著的相关。可以看出劳教人员总体心理健康水平偏低;且与攻击性之间存在一定程度的相关。     

团体辅导对新入所劳教人员心理健康的影响研究

目的：研究团体辅导对新入所的劳教人员心理健康的影响效果。方法：对121名新入所的劳教人员进行团体心理辅导,并在辅导前后分别使用SCL-90进行测试,采用统计软件SPSS13.0对数据进行处理。结果：团体辅导前后比较SCL-90七个因子分、总分、阳性项目数都有极显著差异,三个因子的检出率有显著差异,二个因子的检出率有差异。结论：团体辅导能有效改善新入所劳教人员心理健康状况,提高情绪调控、适应环境的能力,可作为劳教人员心理矫治的一种有效方法。     

劳教戒毒社会适应性训练之构想

劳教机关是国家的行政执法机关,承担着“教育、感化、挽救”劳教人员的重任。自从上世纪90年代初全国人大常委会赋予劳教机关收容吸毒类劳教人员的职能以来,劳教场所的吸毒类劳教人员从无到有,并呈快速增长之势。加强对吸毒类劳教人员的教育矫治工作,成了劳教机关的主要任务之一。10多年来,劳教机关广大民警,在实践中探索提高,劳教戒毒成效显著,吸毒类劳教人员的所内毒瘾戒断率达到了100%。据我省劳教局对部分温州籍吸毒类归正人员的调查,5年以上毒瘾戒断率为14.62%,远远高于其他戒毒模式,但复吸率仍在80%以上,这表明所内的戒毒成果巩固率不…     

我国监狱精神病学发展概述

作者介绍了监狱精神病学的概念,并重点从服刑、劳教人员的人格特征,心理卫生状况,精神障碍的流行病学,司法精神病鉴定和心理矫治几个方面阐述了该学科在我国的发展进程及研究成果。     

劳教干警的心理健康状况与应对方式的调查分析

目的：探讨劳教所干警的心理健康水平、应对方式以及两者的关系。方法：采用症状自评量表、应对方式问卷对湖南省劳教所120名干警进行调查。结果：劳教干警有阳性症状者达35．6％,其心理问题主要表现为强迫、抑郁、敌对和人际关系。SCL-90的各因子分及总分均显著高于我国成人常模;干警的积极应对方式与消极应对方式得分均显著低于常模;SCL-90的各因子分、总均分与积极应对方式呈负相关,与消极应对方式呈正相关。结论：劳教干警的心理健康水平明显低于普通人,其心理健康水平与应对方式密切相关。     

劳教女警官的风姿

来到巍巍嵩山脚下,滔滔黄河岸边,在郑州市白庙劳教所——这个收容男性劳教人员的场所,你可以看到这样一个特殊的集体、一群特殊的园丁:身为普通的女性,她们少了一些妆红粉黛,却多了一份刚毅与威严;身为人民警察,她们不但具有魄力与胆识,而且又多了一份柔韧和细致。在教育转化的岗位上她们锲而不舍、竭尽全力、默默奉献,以特有柔情铁骨,使一批批男性劳教人员幡     

湖南省监狱劳教人民警察健康状况抽样调查报告

根据厅政治部警务处的安排,湖南省司法警官培训中心对参加2006年晋督培训(其中有49人为首次授衔人员)的监狱、劳教干警分别组织进行了身体健康检查和心理测试,共有390人参加体检,409人参加心理测试,现将情况综述如下:一、体检情况体检在湖南省长康监狱进行,共有390人分6批进行体检,其中男性258人,女性132人,参检人员年龄集中在25-48岁之间,检查的内容包括身     

拓展训练对服刑人员心理健康的影响

目的探讨拓展训练对监狱服刑人员心理健康的影响,为其心理健康教育方法的创新提供科学的参考依据。方法采用问卷调查、观察、访谈以及数理统计等方法,通过用症状自评量表（symptom checklist-90,SCL-90）对华东某高等级男子监狱和女子监狱各100名服刑人员进行调查研究。结果在SCL-90的10个因子中,强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性以及其他8个因子均达到了显著性水平,拓展训练能有效改善服刑人员的心理健康。结论拓展训练可融入监狱服刑人员心理健康教育。     

Psychiatric disorders and personality characteristics of prisoners at regular prison wards

BackgroundDutch correctional officers are trained to observe prisoners with severe mental disorder. This ‘behavioural’ approach is assumed to detect psychiatrically disordered prisoners with striking symptoms. On the basis of this screening procedure about 10% of the Dutch prison population is classified as needing special care or control. In the current study, what psychopathology can still be found among the remaining 90% prisoners residing at regular wards is investigated and which personality traits characterize them. When the prevalence of major mental illness would still turn out to be high in this group, the question arises whether the current, rather unstandardized, way of screening prisoners is sufficient.AimsTo assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among adult Dutch prisoners on regular wards, and to determine the concurrent and convergent validity of self-report measures and their screening characteristics in such a sample.Method191 randomly selected prisoners admitted to the general wards were administered a number of tests (SCL-90, NEO-PI-R, MINI) during the first weeks of their incarceration.ResultsIncluding substance abuse, 57% of the participants suffered from one or more Axis I disorders. About seven out of ten detainees with psychopathology as assessed with the MINI did not receive professional help. The concurrent and convergent validity of the SCL-90 and the NEO-PI-R turned out to be reasonable. The predictive validity of self-report measures in detecting prisoners with an Axis I disorders or suicide risks was moderate.ConclusionsThe Dutch ‘behavioural approach’ seems to be quite accurate in detecting prisoners with psychotic disorders. Most prisoners with other mental disorders on regular wards, however, did not receive professional help. The current study suggests that self report scales such as the SCL-90 and the NEO-PI-R may be helpful in screening detainees on important DSM-IV disorders.     

An Investigation of Mental Health and Personality in Swedish Police Trainees upon Entry to the Police Academy

This study aimed at personality and mental health status of Swedish police trainees considering gender differences; and at relationships between personality and mental health. 103 individuals were investigated by means of the SCL-90-R and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) upon entry to the police academy. By contrast, the police trainees were mentally much healthier than individuals from the general population. They reported low Harm Avoidance and their character dimensions were more developed in terms of strength, responsibility and reliability. Harm Avoidance (positively) and Self-Directedness (negatively) were found to be associated with all facets of psychopathology. The good mental health and mature personality characteristics reported by trainees, particularly the females, suggest that they have the strength to master the stressful situations which they will face in their professional lives. In order to prevent possible psychological disturbances later in life, due to the high level of distress in their work, the development of trainees’ personality in terms of particular coping skills should be regarded as an integral part of their professional training at the police academy.     

The factors associated with criminal recidivism in Finnish male offenders: importance of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence

Neurocognitive deficits and psychiatric disorders are often brought up as risk factors of recidivism. In this study, we investigated how neurocognitive and academic deficits and psychiatric disorders (including substance dependence) are associated with criminal recidivism and prison career among male offenders. In a health survey of Finnish prisoners, 72 sentenced male prisoners were examined in Turku prison using a neurocognitive test battery and psychiatric assessment including a standardized psychiatric interview (SCID-I, II). The neurocognitive and academic tests were chosen to assess domains of cognitive functioning and reading, spelling and mathematical skills. Our results showed that the combination of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence was connected to recidivism. Axis I diagnosis (major mental disorders) and substance dependence were connected with neurocognitive and academic deficits. Moreover, first-time offenders had fewer neurocognitive deficits and Axis I disorders, less substance dependence and fewer personality disorders than those with several convictions. Rehabilitation of cognitive functions and academic skills, along with intervention for mental health problems and substance dependence could help to prevent the unfavourable circle of criminal career.     

Developmental Impacts of Child Abuse and Neglect Related to Adult Mental Health, Substance Use, and Physical Health

This study examined the association between officially recorded child abuse and neglect and adult mental health, substance use, and physical health outcomes. Data are from a longitudinal study of more than 30 years in which individuals were interviewed most recently in their mid—30s. Analyses consisted of group comparisons using chi-square tests for categorical variables and independent samples t-tests for continuous measures. Logistic and linear regressions controlled for gender and childhood SES, adult age, marital status, and education. Adults maltreated in childhood reported more symptoms of adult depression, anxiety, and more impairment due to mental and physical health problems. A higher percentage of those with maltreatment histories reported lifetime alcohol problems and appear at greater risk for substance abuse. Most findings of these bivariate analyses remained significant after accounting for gender and childhood socioeconomic status. Somewhat fewer significant results were observed after controlling for adult age, marital status, and education.     

The mental health and substance misuse needs of male ex-armed forces personnel in prison

Ex-armed forces personnel constitute the largest known occupational group in prison but there is little evidence regarding their mental health, or substance misuse, needs. A total of 105 participants were interviewed and measures assessing symptoms of common mental health (CMH) problems and substance misuse were completed along with a review of their health care records. Forty (38%) participants screened for current CMH problems (CCMH) and high levels of dual symptomology and alcohol misuse were assessed. Thirty-nine (37%) had a mental health diagnosis recorded, most commonly for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and personality disorder. Those who screened for a CCMH problem were more likely to have pre-service vulnerability to negative health outcomes and those with dual symptomology were more likely to have experienced deployment during their service. Findings suggest the mental health needs of this group are similar to the general prison population. Potentially higher prevalences of PTSD and alcohol misuse may direct service provision.     

Substance use,health, and mental health: problems and service utilization among incarcerated women

This article profiles self-reported substance use, health, and mental health problems among a sample of incarcerated women in Kentucky as well as lifetime service utilization. Findings indicate that a high percentage of women reported use of alcohol, cocaine, and multiple substances during the month before incarceration. In addition, participants reported common health problems such as dental, female reproductive, physical injuries, and mental health problems including depression and anxiety. Participants reported moderate use of emergency room and mental health treatment but limited substance abuse treatment utilization. Implications for criminal justice programs and linkages with community-based aftercare services for women are recommended based on findings that health and mental health problems are associated with service utilization before incarceration.     

Gender Differences in Child Abuse and Intergenerational Transmission of Crime and Substance Abuse among Israeli Inmates

The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences in various types of childhood abuse and family history of crime, substance abuse, and mental health problems. Our study was conducted among 110 Israeli female and male inmates (50 female and 60 male inmates). The findings indicated a higher rate of multiple types of childhood abuse among the female inmates compared with the male inmates. The findings also revealed that female inmates reported more prevalence of parents’ substance abuse, crime, and family’s mental health problems than the male inmates did. Moreover, the female inmates reported higher rates of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse associated with family history variables compared with the male inmates. Furthermore, the findings indicated that female inmates whose siblings were involved in substance abuse and crime reported higher rates of sexual and emotional abuse compared with the male inmates. We discussed the implications of these findings.     

The effects of treatment exposure on prison misconduct for female prisoners with substance use,mental health,and co-occurring disorders

Inmates with mental health and co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders present difficult challenges for correctional institutions and treatment providers. The complex nature of co-occurring disorders further exacerbates these difficulties and is associated with poor treatment compliance and increased likelihood of engaging in institutional misconduct. The current study examines whether exposure to prison-based treatment reduces involvement in prison misconduct among a sample of female prison inmates controlling for disorder types (i.e. mental health disorder only, substance use disorder only, and co-occurring mental and substance use disorders). Findings revealed that with exposure of more than 181?days of treatment, the odds of misconduct involvement among females with co-occurring disorders more than doubled compared to receiving no treatment. This finding is at odds with treatment retention literature that suggests that a minimum period of time in treatment is needed to affect post-treatment success. Possible explanations for these findings and policy implications are discussed.     

论以刑法修正案形式规范劳动教养——侧重于劳动教养制度的实体法完善研究

以刑法修正案形式规范劳动教养具有可资借鉴性、相对合理性和技术可行性。我国劳动教养是具有保安处分性质的人身强制性预防措施,可以借鉴国外保安处分制度的法理与实践,以契合我国劳动教养法治化的基本需要。关于劳动教养改革,我国学界目前提出的劳动教养完善方案中,劳动教养独善其身的小修方案具有比较突出的相对合理性。《刑法修正案(八)》比较好地完成了作为保安处分措施的刑事禁止令的法规范设置,其为以刑法修正案形式规范我国单项保安处分措施提供了立法经验,而劳动教养无疑可以成为这种立法经验的"第二块试验田",因而我们有充分理由期盼近期制定出台刑法修正案,以有效实现由刑法规范劳动教养制度的设想。新的刑法修正案应当以实体法与程序法内容相结合的规范形式,确立兼具实质合理性与形式合理性的劳动教养法规范体系。