我省劳教戒毒工作的基本现状和戒毒劳教人员管理模式刍议

毒品犯罪由于其诱发诸多刑事犯罪，已经成为严重扰乱社会治安的重要因素，因此，打击毒品犯罪不仅是全力维护社会治安的需要，而且也是维护社会破治稳定的重要举措。我省各级党政领导对此极为重视，海南省政府出台了“关于加强戒毒工作的决定”，采取有效措施，加大对毒品犯罪的打击力度，使禁毒工作取得明显成效。2003年，全省查处毒品违法案件7571起，涉毒案件1614起，涉毒违法人员9542人。有相当—部分人实施强制戒毒和转为劳动教养。     

劳教戒毒模式研究（下）

三、劳教戒毒工作模式的整体构想 (一)构建劳教戒毒工作模式的基本思路: 构建劳教戒毒工作模式主要基于以下两个方面的认识: 第一、劳教戒毒需要综合性的方法体系。吸毒行为是毒品、个体和社会因素相互作用的结果。毒品依赖既表现为个体的生理依赖,更重要的是表现为顽固的心理依赖。吸毒者既是违法者,也是毒品的受害者。因此,戒毒既要开展脱毒治疗,消除其生理依赖,促进生理功能康复;又要减轻或消除其强烈的心理依赖,促进吸毒者心理和行为改变,增强其社会适应能力。由此可见,戒毒工作是一项由急性脱瘾、生理恢复、心理行为康复和再社会化等内容组成的系统工程。要使戒毒工作效率最大化,就必须处理     

劳教戒毒人员的心理特点及矫治对策

劳教戒毒人员都是吸毒史长,对毒品依赖心理很深的人,因此矫治工作也比较难做。因此,通过对劳教戒毒人员心理特点的分析,从根本上解除他们对毒品的依赖,从而从心理上和生理上戒除毒品。本文指出从心理特点的分析看,应对各个时段的心理特点,从思想、教育、心理上提出有效地矫治对策,从而提高劳教戒毒质量达到净化环境的效果。     

劳教戒毒工作对策研究

解教的吸毒劳教人员复吸率高,影响了劳动改造工作的整体质量,成为劳教工作的重要问题。本文介绍了上海市劳教局对劳教人员采取的针对性矫治改造对策,分析了当前存在的问题:复吸率高、重犯率高,对吸毒人员处罚不力,干警队伍与劳教戒毒工作实际需要不相适应,劳教戒毒工作缺乏法律保障。最后,文章提出了相应的对策建议。     

劳教戒毒模式研究（上）

导言 吸毒是一个全球性的社会问题,对于社会可持续发展的影响日益突出,吸毒引发犯罪、艾滋病传播等问题尤为严重,已经成为影响经济发展、公共卫生健康和社会治安的严重社会问题。全球现有各种毒品吸食者约1.85亿,占世界总人口的3.1％。我国登记在册的吸毒人数,从1990年的7万人增至2002年的100万人,11年中增加了近13倍。吸毒问题给我国造成了巨大的经济损失,吸毒人员中80％有其他违法犯罪行为。据估算,2003年底全国艾滋病病毒感染人数约84万,在确认的4万多名艾滋病病毒感染者中,有63.7％因静脉注射吸毒而感染。     

强化戒毒劳教人员感化和管理工作

吸毒是一个全球性的社会问题。吸毒以及所引发的违法犯罪、艾滋病传播等问题对社会经济可持续发展、公共健康和社会治安造成了严重影响。减少毒品供应、减少毒品需求、降低毒品危害是国际社会和各国政府解决毒品问题的重要战略。我国政府历来高度重视对吸毒人员的感化和管理工作,投入了大量人力、物力、财力,帮助吸毒人员戒除毒瘾,减少毒品危害,维护社会和谐稳定。劳教戒毒工作是我国禁毒工作的重要组成部分,与公安强制戒毒、社会自愿戒毒相互配合、互为补充,共同构成我国的戒毒工作体系。近年来,按照国家禁毒委的统一部署,劳教系统积极参与…     

贯彻“规定”发挥职能开创新疆劳教戒毒工作新局面

司法部颁布的《劳动教养戒毒工作规定》将从2003年8月1日正式施行,这是我国劳教戒毒工作法制化建设迈出的可喜一步。《规定》从吸毒劳教人员的管理、治疗、矫正教育等方面,系统地规范了劳教戒毒工作,对于建立科学、合理、有效的戒毒体系,提高戒毒和矫治工作质量,具有深远的历史意义和现实意义。     

戒毒人员高复吸率问题研究

从当前戒毒人员高复吸率的原因分析可以看出 ,我国现行自愿戒毒、强制戒毒和劳教戒毒相结合的“三位一体”戒毒模式 ,过于注重生理脱毒 ,弱化了心理脱毒和善后辅导 ,不利于降低复吸率。因而笔者建议将我国现行戒毒体系重构为劳教戒毒与服刑戒毒相结合的“二元制”戒毒体系 ,增设吸食、注射毒品罪 ,延长戒毒期限 ,建立戒毒回归人员生活、就业基地等。     

劳教戒毒社会适应性训练之构想

劳教机关是国家的行政执法机关,承担着“教育、感化、挽救”劳教人员的重任。自从上世纪90年代初全国人大常委会赋予劳教机关收容吸毒类劳教人员的职能以来,劳教场所的吸毒类劳教人员从无到有,并呈快速增长之势。加强对吸毒类劳教人员的教育矫治工作,成了劳教机关的主要任务之一。10多年来,劳教机关广大民警,在实践中探索提高,劳教戒毒成效显著,吸毒类劳教人员的所内毒瘾戒断率达到了100%。据我省劳教局对部分温州籍吸毒类归正人员的调查,5年以上毒瘾戒断率为14.62%,远远高于其他戒毒模式,但复吸率仍在80%以上,这表明所内的戒毒成果巩固率不…     

上海劳教场所“绿色戒毒”的实践与探索

有效降低戒毒人员复吸率是一个世界性难题,面对居高不下的复吸率,近年来上海劳教场所在北京大学医学部韩济生院士和戒毒专家的指导下,引入“绿色戒毒”防复吸理念和科学有效的医疗手段,将科学戒治方法和劳教教育矫治工作有效结合,对戒毒劳教人员进行自主治疗和矫治,进行“绿色戒毒”的实践活动。通过科学、认真的实践和规范运作,已经取得了初步成效,走出一条劳教场所“绿色戒毒”的新路。一、“绿色戒毒”在上海劳教场所的兴起目前,一些国家对海洛因成瘾者多采用“美沙酮”维持疗法。在我国,“美沙酮”维持疗法虽然已在部分省市试行,但因费…     

A mixed methods study of the mental health and criminal justice histories of missing persons

Approximately 35,000 people are reported missing each year in Australia; rates elsewhere are even higher, with a recent UK study suggesting that a person goes missing every 2 min. Missing persons place a significant burden on police services; it is interesting, therefore, that very little research attention has been paid to this topic. This mixed methods study aimed to address this significant gap by analysing the mental health and criminal justice histories of a sample of missing persons and comparing them to rates in the general community. The study found that both mental health and criminal justice histories were significantly overrepresented among missing persons compared to those in the general community, and that young people reported missing commonly displayed suicidal behaviour. Results highlight at risk groups and suggest that criminality is much more commonly implicated in missing person incidents than previously thought.     

中国与加拿大亚伯达省精神卫生立法之比较研究

《中华人民共和国精神卫生法（草案）》自公开向社会征求意见以来,引起广泛关注。本文尝试对加拿大亚伯达省《精神卫生法》与《中华人民共和国精神卫生法（草案）》进行比较研究,从而为我国精神卫生立法提供借鉴和参考。     

Perceptions and use of videoconferencing in forensic mental health assessments: A survey of evaluators and legal personnel

ABSTRACT

The use of videoconferencing (VC) to conduct forensic mental health assessments (FMHA) is increasing. Yet, little is known about its acceptability among clinicians or legal professionals. In Study 1 (N?=?156), forensic evaluators were asked about their use of VC, reasons for its use, and opinions about the validity, usefulness, ethics, and legality of its use. An estimated one-third of evaluators have used VC in the past. Although evaluators overall expressed moderate concern over the ethics and legality of use, prior experience appeared to mitigate concerns. Younger practitioners were also more open to using VC. Reduced costs for courts was the most frequently endorsed benefit associated with VC, while restricted ability to administer psychological testing and potential technological problems were seen as the biggest disadvantages. In Study 2 (N?=?27), attorneys and judges were surveyed about frequency with which they encounter VC for FMHA and their perceptions about the validity of those assessments. Findings indicated legal personnel expressed rather negative views without having much first-hand experience of VC, including concerns about establishing rapport and technical difficulties. These studies have implications for whether VC will be adopted more frequently in FMHA.     

A systematic review of effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies for challenging behaviour in women in forensic mental health settings

Women in secure forensic mental health care require therapy and care that is responsive to their specific needs. Despite the policy recognition that women require a distinct service, evidence based practice is not available for this population. This review was undertaken in response to a clinical need within a medium secure unit in Glasgow that was experiencing high levels of challenging behaviour, in a female ward. The review aimed to identify effective strategies or interventions for the management of challenging behaviour in women in secure services and, therefore, improve practice and patient care. A synthesis of the findings from the 11 identified studies revealed variability in the approaches used to support women in forensic services, including: behavioural programmes; organisational change with a focus on staff training and support; medication; ECT and mechanical restraint. The challenging behaviours assessed included self-harm; physical and verbal aggression; suicide attempts and arson/fire setting. The majority of articles suggested some improvement in aspects of challenging behaviour, however this was limited by the lack of control groups and small sample sizes. Further investigation is required to find out whether interventions identified in this review can sustain a reduction in challenging behaviours in the long-term.     

Referrals to a mental health criminal justice Liaison and diversion team in the North East of England

There is growing interest in the health correlates of people detained in police custody, and a number of innovations have been introduced to try to meet the complex needs of detainees. The implementation of Criminal Justice Liaison and Diversion (CJL&D) Services commissioned by the Department of Health in England is a substantial part of this investment. In this paper, we describe data from 858 detainees who were referred to the CJL&D service of a busy metropolitan police station in the North East of England. The detainees referred to the service had complex mental health needs, substance misuse and a range of vulnerabilities requiring specific intervention. The effective operation of these teams and how they interface with health and criminal justice systems also depend upon a number of systematic issues that emanate both from within the teams, and from external policy drivers.