Meet all changes with constancy: The dynamic adaptation process of county governments in China

As their task environments become more unstable, public organizations must build their adaptive capacities. Treating the organization as a problem-solving system, we constructed an institution-process framework to analyze how China's local governments use processes and mechanisms to adapt to the task turbulence from higher-up governments. Based on the experiences of three Chinese counties in dealing with the Targeted Poverty Alleviation task, we found that they built an institutionalized adaptation process that included attention allocation, decision-making system construction, and boundary work in a turbulent task environment. These processes were embedded in specific institutional structures. We define this institutionalized adaptation process as dynamic conservatism. In this adaptation mode, China's local governments rarely observe and manage the environment; instead, they integrate their existing structural and stable elements to cope with the task turbulence generated by higher-level governments.     

The process of professionalization and the rebuilding of administrative ethics in post-MAO China

The process of professionalization for Chinese administration is in essence one that is shifting from the Party's cadres to the civil servants of the state, from a revolutionary clique with a special mission to a professional administrative group serving the general interest of the society. As a revolutionary clique existing under the Party's leadership for a long time, it was characterized by “traditional features,” such as not being open to all citizens, politics overwhelming administration, management based on personal style rather than professional norms, etc. These features, to a large degree, produced a corresponding administrative attitude, ethics and behavior, which include a sense of “paternal official,” self-discipline, adoring personalized authority. They in turn support the traditional system with both positive and negative consequences.

The economic reform provided the impetus for changing the traditional system, and new framework with a strange civil service emerged, with such professional characteristics as opening jobs up to the whole society, respect for law and regulation, management and promotion based on merit, etc. However, the negative side of the economic reform has hindered the further development of professionalization. In particular, corruption and negligence of administrative ethics have undermined the new system. Further professionalization needs a spirit provided by rebuilding public administration: changing ideology and attitude, innovating institutions, and reforming the culture.     

Long- and short-term risk factors in the prediction of inpatient suicide: review of the literature

The prediction of suicide remains a major challenge for health care professionals in inpatient settings. A clearer identification of factors specific to inpatient suicide is required to improve both practice and research within this area. This paper provides an overview of the inpatient suicide literature to date focusing on two particularly salient themes: Long term and short term prediction of suicide. Since the concept of short-term suicide risk dominates clinical practice, issues in relation to dynamic risk factors are emphasized.     

The prevention of suicide in India and the developing world: the need for population-based strategies

Very high rates of suicide have been reported from India and the developing world. However, much of the debate on suicide prevention focuses on individuals, methods, site-specific solutions, or particular suicide prevention strategies. This article argues for population based approaches that focus on improving the general health of populations (e.g., macroeconomic policies that aim for social justice, schemes to meet basic human needs, organizing local support groups within vulnerable sections of society, developing and implementing an essential pesticide list, addressing gender issues, and increasing public awareness through the mass media) rather than medical, psychiatric, and other strategies that target individuals (e.g., treatment of mental illness, counseling, etc.) in order to reduce high suicide rates in India and developing countries. Individual approaches will help people in distress and prevent individuals from committing suicide, but will not reduce population suicide rates.     

Too many winds to consider; which way and when to sail!: Ethiopian female transit migrants in Djibouti and the dynamics of their decision-making

Transit migration is a phenomenon on the rise partly due to the growth of international migration and more robust policies in destination countries making onward travel more difficult. The dominant discourse portrays transit migrants as agents stranded enroute-lacking agency to decide about their state of mobility/immobility. By going beyond such a normative victimization narrative of transit migrants, and by drawing on lived experiences of female Ethiopian migrants, this paper examines the agency of transit migrants; that is, the creative strategies they employ while planning their mobility/immobility, and in negotiating their precarious and vulnerable position. The paper discusses prospects of mobility/Immobility and/or settlement of migrants and factors that affect their informed decisions and argues against a monocausal analysis of factors influencing decision-making of migrants.     

The Europeanization process and Kurdish nationalism in Turkey: the case of the Democratic Society Party

This study aims at analyzing the impact of the European integration process on Kurdish nationalism in Turkey by focusing on the Democratic Society Party (Demokratik Toplum Partisi, DTP) as the major pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey between 2005 and 2009. It argues that the Europeanization process in Turkey, which accelerated in the post-Helsinki period, has brought about some important consequences concerning the recognition and expression of Kurdish identity. The study examines Europe's impact on the DTP through analysis of party documents and interviews with party representatives, in order to investigate the meaning and use of the European integration process in the DTP's sub-state nationalist ideology. This analysis shows that, although the Europeanization process in Turkey has somewhat broadened opportunity structures for Kurdish sub-state nationalist politics, overall the EU's impact on the DTP's nationalist politics has remained indirect and limited.     

惩罚与宽容：中国少年刑事司法的境遇与抉择

随着少年犯罪的突出，少年刑事司法也成为法律界的一个重大课题。对少年刑事司法理念不能全面客观认识必然会影响少年刑事司法的长远发展，少年刑事司法制度不足使我们对处理未成年人犯罪存在困难。对少年刑事司法理念和制度进行科学的批判与继承，对构筑一种理性的少年刑事司法体系具有重大价值。     

论政府在经济转型中的作用 --俄罗斯与中国过渡经验之比较

一、引言 目前,新自由主义的制度、政策及其思想在世界上占主导地位.     

Economic Reform and Social Change in China: Past, Present, and Future of the Economic State

China's socioeconomic crisis before 1978 and its success over the past two decades can be viewed as a zigzag process of politicization and depoliticization of the economic state. By summarizing the Chinese experience, this article shows the importance of a specific pattern of general public policy (GPP) in determining the nature of a policy system. China's economic and serialized reforms since 1978 are reviewed in order to illuminate the current situation and future direction of the nation. The changes have undermined the economic state by creating a trend of de-economicization in the Chinese government. If economic reform and social change are to continue smoothly, another transfer of state emphasis to more balanced development is required.     

在复杂动荡的形势中把握前进方向--2021年国际形势突出特点和中国外交丰硕成果

2021年国际形势深刻演变,单边主义逆流涌动,新冠肺炎疫情继续蔓延,传统热点纷争挥之不去,非传统安全问题进一步显现。在此背景下,全球治理赤字、信任赤字、和平赤字、发展赤字有增无减,世界力量对比加速演变,大国关系深度调整,国际秩序受到严重冲击,国际社会面临诸多跨国性和全球性问题的挑战。