An evaluation of methods for isolating antiparkinson preparations from cadaveric material

Methods of amedine, amyzyl, and tropacine isolation from cadaveric material, blood and urine were developed. They ensure higher output of the given substances as compared with conventional methods of isolation of toxicologically significant substances. An extraction-photometric method was developed for estimation of amedine, amyzyl, and tropacine in the cadaveric material.     

Detection of chlorinated carbohydrates in putrefactive biological material

Carbochlorohydrates were separated from putrefaction products of organic substances and volatile solvents by gas chromatographic column packed with CaA 5 A. A 100 x 0.4 cm column, used for forensic chemical analysis of fresh and putrefactive cadaveric material, proved to be highly effective. The data were confirmed by results of chemical analysis of distillates from the viscera.     

The detection of nifedipine in biological materials

The objective of the present study was to find optimal conditions for the isolation of nifedipine from biological materials by ethylacetate. It was shown that nifedipine can be purified from co-extracted substances of the biological material on a Silasorb C-18 column with the size of the particles 30 microns. The authors propose to use thin-layer chromatography, IR spectrophotometry, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography for the identification and quantitative determination of nifedipine extracted from cadaveric liver samples.     

Determination of trasodone in cadaveric material

Methods of trasodone isolation from cadaveric material by water and acetonitrile at pH-2.0, which may be used in expert practice, were developed. Acetonitrile method is recommended for everyday practice as it allows one to isolate about 60% of trasodone and to obtain extracts with lower content of extractive substances. Detection limit in case of trasodone isolation by acidified water is 50 micrograms in 25 g of the liver and by acetonitrile--25 micrograms in 25 g of the liver and kidney.     

The use of circular dichroism and spectrophotometric methods in establishing the time of death

Dynamics of destruction of metal-containing proteins in skeletal muscles depending on storage duration (up to 30 days) of cadaveric material was studied in vitro using spectra of circular dichroism and absorption in visible spectrum area. Dichroic absorption diminishes gradually with increase of storage duration of cadaveric material.     

Forensic chemical testing of cadaveric material for acetonitrile

Gas chromatographic conditions for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of acetonitrile in biological material were determined, including those for reactive gas chromatography. Absolute and relative time of acetonitrile and concomitant substances retention in three columns of different polarity was determined. Study of the time of acetonitrile retention in biological material showed that acetonitrile concentration in the blood virtually did not change in cadaveric material stored in a hermetically closed flask for 2 weeks at 20 +/- 3 degrees C, while its concentration in the stomach decreased by 10-15%. Distribution of acetonitrile in human viscera in lethal poisoning was studied; the agent was evenly distributed in the gastric wall, intestine, liver, and kidney, while its concentrations in the lung and brain were 2-3 times higher. Forensic chemical expert analyses of the blood, urine, and viscera from corpses of humans dead from lethal acetonitrile poisoning showed that lethal concentration in the blood was 28.3-57.0 mg and in the urine 23.2-40.6 mg/100 ml.     

The forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material for the presence of drug and narcotic compounds]

The authors consider that the list of drugs and narcotics which can be reliably identified in a general forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material (not a purposeful screening) should be changed. Isolation by acidified water, hydrochloric acid hydrolysis, and by acetonitrile should be used for isolation of drugs and narcotic compounds in forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material.     

Detection of azaleptine in forensic chemical examination of cadaveric material

Azaleptine detection and quantitation in cadaveric material in forensic-chemical tests using thin-layer chromatography, UV-spectrophotometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are outlined.     

Isolation of nitrobenzene from biological material

Toluene is recommended as an agent for extraction of nitrobenzene from biological material. Optimal conditions for nitrobenzene isolation from cadaveric human liver are defined and the results of isolation are quantitatively evaluated.     

Comparative study of methods of isolating ergometrine from cadaveric material

The results of comparative study using three methods of ergometrine isolation from cadaveric material with respect to Vasiljeva, Kramarenko, Stas-Otto are presented. Vasileva's method appeared to be more effective.     

The determination of phoxim in cadaveric material by gas-liquid chromatography]

The developed gas-liquid chromatographic procedure for forensic chemical detection and measurement of phoxim in cadaveric material permits the detection in 25 g of an organ of 44 to 52% of added phoxim. The threshold of phoxim measurement in 100 g of the liver is 0.04 mg, the least volume of phoxim detectable being 0.02 g. The developed gas-liquid chromatographic technique should be used as an additional method together with thin-layer chromatography, for a more objective evaluation of the results of forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material for phoxim.     

Preservation of methanol in cadaveric material

Duration of preservation of methanol in cadaveric material at 20 +/- 3 degrees C during 4-13 months was studied on 19 model and expert objects of cadaveric material (muscle tissue, kidney, blood, urine). Exponential relationship between methanol concentration and duration of storage of the object was detected. Methanol concentration decreased by 30-70% during the first weeks, after which the process decelerated to 5-10% a month. Toxicologically significant concentrations of endogenous methanol were not revealed in any case.     

Characteristics of dipyridamol isolation from biological material

Acetone is proposed as an isolating agent for extraction of dipyridamolum from biological material. Optimal conditions of isolating dipyridamolum from human cadaveric liver tissue with acetone are determined and quantitative estimation of isolation results is provided.     

Characteristics of alphacypermethrin isolation from biological material

Methanol is proposed as an isolating agent for isolation of alphacypermethrin from biological material. Optimal conditions of isolating alphacipermetrin from human cadaveric liver tissue with methanol are determined and quantitative estimation of isolation results is provided.     

Immunochemical methods in detection of opiates in tissues and organs

Conditions of isolation of opiates from tissues and analysis of the resultant extracts by immunochemical methods are discussed. The main characteristics of OPIATES U kits (Pharmatech) for polarization fluorescent immunoanalysis of cadaveric material (liver) are determined. Immunochemical methods for forensic chemical analysis for opiates are experimentally compared.     

The analysis of tiapride in cadaveric material

To optimize conditions of tiapride isolation from cadaveric organs, we compared the results of conventional methods by Stas-Otto, A.A. Vasilyeva and V.F. Kramarenko which provide tiapride isolation up to 50% and a new precise and reproducible method providing 60 +/- 2% tiapride isolation. Identification of tiapride isolated from cadaveric material was made with thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The latter assay employed the method of external standard. The original techniques proposed identify and measure tiapride in hepatic samples in the presence of unidentified endogenic compounds. The techniques are rapid, selective, sensitive and reproducible.     

Detection of acetic acid in cadavers by gas chromatography

A simple technique of sample preparation for gas chromatographic test for acetic acid in cadaveric material has been developed. The background concentration of natural content of acetates in the stomach, liver and kidneys are determined. The error of the method is no more than 10% with standard deviation +/- 0.04-0.13.     

The isolation of amitriptyline from cadaveric material using acetonitrile

Method of amitriptyline isolation from the cadaveric material using acetonitrile as extractant is suggested. This method makes it possible to extract in average 76.09% of substance previously added in quantity of 1 mg to 25 g of the liver. Method was successfully used in analysis of expert material.     

The detection of novocaine and p-aminobenzoic acid in cadaveric material

Microcrystalloscopic reactions, TLC and UV spectroscopy methods for novocainum and p-aminobenzoic acid identification in medicolegal examination of the cadaveric material were developed. Sensitivity and specificity of microcrystalloscopic reactions were studied.     

A method for determining molybdenum in cadaveric material by using alkylphenylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid]

Alkylphenylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid was found to be an efficient extractant to extract molybdenum from the cadaveric material. Method suggested is simple enough for use and doesn't require considerable amounts of chemical reagents.