老年人生活满意度影响因素实证分析——以江苏省泰州市为例

老年人生活满意度是老年人对自身生活状态的主观评价,是反映养老质量的直接指标。为了解老年人养老状况和生活满意度,并找出老年人生活满意度的影响因素,在借鉴了相关研究成果的基础上,该文对江苏省泰州市老年人养老状况进行了调查,对可能影响老年人生活满意度的若干因素进行了卡方检验和回归分析,找出了影响老年人生活满意度的因素,对于改进养老模式、改善养老状况具有一定意义。     

How Fathers Respond When Their Youth Leave and Return Home

Abstract

Few social scientists have examined the impact that adult children's leaving and returning home have upon fathers and their family relationships. In a sample of 325 fathers in Indiana and Michigan, 41% reported some stress as negative/disturbed reactions about a child's leaving home. These reactions were much greater than some earlier studies have shown. Overall, (as explained by the A-B-C-X Model of Stress) the fathers' definition of their situation was the factor most related to the fathers' negative feelings about their child's leaving home, to their related psychosomatic complaints and their lower sense of well-being. It was not related, however, to fathers' satisfaction with their family life. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

幸福社会构建浅析

幸福社会的构建是一个必然的路向,一个与“社会主义和谐社会”相并立的“社会主义幸福社会”正处于萌芽成长中,未雨绸缪地对其进行理论研究和设计显然是必须的.中国共产党对幸福社会的追求经历了艰难的探索,总结形成了构建幸福社会必须遵循的基本原则要求.在推进幸福社会构建的过程中,必须坚持以社会大众物质文化生活需要的满足、社会公平公正的实现、个体奋斗目标的设计与追求等作为主要衡量标准     

Unsafe Feelings Among Teachers

Abstract

Teachers feeling unsafe in front of their classes tend to show a reduced commitment to their educational task. This can have a negative effect on pupils' performance and may cause behaviour problems. Feelings of unsafety are generally associated with pupils' antisocial behaviour.

We examined this proposition and found the correlation between the two factors to be less direct than is generally supposed. Subjective criminality-related factors (subjective victimization risk and own victimization experience) and well-being (including job perception, satisfaction with the pupils) are very important intermediate factors.

Measures intended to reduce teachers' feelings of unsafety should, therefore, not focus directly on pupil behaviour but on the situation in which the teacher has to work. More in particular, attention should be paid to the development of a positive image of and a respectful attitude towards young people, to teamwork and teacher support, and to the optimization of conditional factors (class size, work pressure, etc.).

The research material was collected via questionnaires completed by 1,432 teachers from 91 schools and secondary analyses of questionnaire data from 4,829 pupils (12 — to 18-year-olds) from the same schools. To complement the questionnaire data, twelve focus groups with teachers and eight with pupils were organised.     

Influence of Family,Agency, and Caseworker Dynamics on Caregivers' Satisfaction With Their Child Protective Services Experience

Numerous child protective services (CPS) agencies have adopted differential responses as a system reform hypothesized to facilitate family engagement. This research tests a conceptual framework developed to examine dynamics between caregiver, agency, and caseworker factors that are assumed to impact caregiver engagement. Data from a randomized control study and structural equation modeling methods were used to explore the influence of these factors on caregiver satisfaction with their CPS experience. The results indicate that receipt of alternative response, caregivers' ratings of their caseworker's interaction style, and caregivers' positive emotional response influenced satisfaction with their intervention experience, while negative emotional responses did not.     

人性哲学对交警工作满意度的影响

对北京交警进行人性哲学和工作满意度关系的研究测试,研究表明:北京交警在人性哲学上总体表现为中等水平。工作满意度与愤世嫉俗因子存在明显负相关,与值得信任因子相关不显著。不同年龄组在人性哲学的值得信任和愤世嫉俗因子上的发展轨迹都呈现为"∨"型。工作满意度中工作成就维度和人际关系维度与值得信任因子呈明显正相关;工作条件维度和工资待遇与愤世嫉俗因子呈显著负相关。社会对北京交警的信任与评价和北京交警对社会的信任与评价能够直接影响到北京交警的工作成就感。     

Children, women, and substance abuse: a look at recovery in a communal setting

This study explored the sense of community among women (n = 21) and women with children (n = 30) living in Oxford Houses, with emphasis on how the presence of children might affect the household. Sense of community did not vary between participants with more or less than three months residence. Residents reported very high levels of satisfaction with the home, possibly because of a ceiling effect of little room for increases in their sense of community over time. Participants reported that they were getting along with the children in the home, that mothers could count on babysitting help, and that the children had a positive effect on the household and their own recovery process. This effect did not differ between mothers and non-mothers, suggesting that non-mothers might view the children in the home with a sense of responsibility and sensitivity comparable to that of the mothers. Implications are discussed.     

Introduction

SUMMARY

Previously homeless women (17) and men (12) were surveyed on their experience as a caregiver to physically challenged senior citizen clients (16 men, 13 women: age M= 64.7, SD = 16.8). Caregivers had training in service delivery and experience before the survey. More satisfaction than stress from providing care was reported by caregivers. Caregiving satisfaction was significantly positively related to global life satisfaction and a sense of personal vulnerability to being disabled. Caregiving stress was significantly negatively related to perceived knowledge of the disability. Overall, these previously homeless caregivers reported that providing care to the disabled was positive, and would be repeated and recommended to Others.     

Empowerment in a Religious Setting

Abstract

This study examines the correlates and contexts of empowerment among members of a Christian, nondenominational religious setting. The research approach combines participant-observation and measurement development methodology to capture the empowering aspects of religious experience in a form which lends itself to quantitative analysis, without excessive loss of the phenomenological meaning ofthat experience. The criterion of empowerment is progress toward a salient goal of members-interpersonal behavior change in the direction of group ideals (i.e., in the direction of becoming more like Jesus). Present and retrospective past measurement of perceived interpersonal behavior yielded eight predictor variables from member peer, self-report, and interviewer sources. These variables include religious orientation, locus of control. spiritual experience, group involvement, and religious history. The relationship of the predictors to interpersonal behavior change was assessed in canonical correlation analyses. Results from multiple data sources find that those seen by themselves and by others as empowered are committed to a relationship with God and with others in the setting. They may be described, in part, as experiencing a “psychological sense of community.” In addition, they report a life crisis prior to joining the setting and a sense that God is in control of the events of their life. Follow-up data, three years later, finds a relationship between commitment and life satisfaction. Two years of participant-observation provide hypotheses, consistent with several psychological theories, for suggesting salient setting variables which provide a context for understanding the results.     

当前失地农民的现状与分析

近年来，随着工业化和城市化进程的加快，大量农村集体土地被征用，失地农民越来越多。如何保护务农无地、就业无岗、低保无份的“三无农民”的合法权益，解除失地农民的后顾之忧，保证农民安居乐业，是各级政府和社会各界普遍关注的敏感话题。该文重点关注农民在部分或完全失去土地以后一段时期内的生存现状，将之与非失地农民的生存情况进行对比，重在分析农民因失地带来的收益以及负面影响，提出相应的政策建议。     

Daring,Substance Use and Involvement in Violence Among School Children

Abstract

This study explores whether the association between substance use and involvement in youth violence is a unique association resulting from the properties of the drugs, or whether it is part of a larger behavioral cluster. The sample was composed of 1,571 10th grade students from the Israeli secular and religious state school systems, including both Jewish and Arab schools. The results indicate that the strongest predictor for unplanned violent activities such as physical fights is alcohol use, suggesting that this chemical substance may lower the threshold of unplanned violence. However, daring was found to be the strongest predictor for planned violent activities such as bullying and weapon carrying, suggesting that the behavioral pattern is the most influential. Thus future research and intervention programs would perhaps benefit from differentiating between planned and unplanned violence.     

Assessing the Impact of Harassment by Peers: Incident Characteristics and Outcomes in a National Sample of Youth

Although there are widely held assumptions about the characteristics of peer bullying that are of greatest concern, very few studies have empirically assessed which characteristics most affect its impact. The current research addresses this gap by using a nationally representative U.S. sample of youth ages 10–20 to examine the relative effects of a variety of potentially aggravating incident characteristics on emotional, physical health, and school-related outcomes. Findings show support for power imbalance and duration (a stronger predictor than repetition) as incident characteristics that exacerbate the negative impact of peer harassment. However, several other incident characteristics have substantial effects with or without the presence of these qualities. Injury, sexual content, involvement of multiple perpetrators, and hate/bias components of peer harassment incidents each increased at least one negative outcome. Findings point to several features of peer harassment that can provide a basis for prioritizing victimization experiences in greatest need of intervention efforts.     

Scaling the Socioeconomic Ladder: Uyghur perceptions of class status

This paper asks: do most Uyghurs perceive themselves to be middle class or lower class? What are the major determinants of their perceptions? Data are drawn from a 2007 survey (N = 900) conducted in Ürümchi in China. This paper focuses on individualized and subjective hierarchical differentiation and reports three main findings about class identity among Uyghurs. Firstly, class identity is not closely linked to occupational attainment and income among Uyghurs. However, education is a key determinant of Uyghur class identification. Secondly, psychological well-being measures are not predictors of the choice of class label by Uyghurs. Thirdly, ethnic consciousness is closely related to class identification among Uyghurs, holding main background characteristics constant. Uyghurs give more attention to their group concerns (discrimination, prejudices, intergroup inequality, etc.) than to their individual worries (such as unemployment or stress) when choosing a class label.     

Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income,Urban Adolescents: Cognitive and Contextual Factors

This study examined the relationships among cognitive variables, family immigration history, negative life events, and depressive symptoms in a sample of 306 low-income, urban fifth- and sixth-grade children. Explanatory style and negative automatic thoughts were the cognitive variables examined. There were three key findings. First, children who were immigrants reported significantly more depressive symptoms, more negative life events, and more negative automatic thoughts than children who were not immigrants. Second, both explanatory style and negative automatic thoughts were significantly associated with depressive symptoms above and beyond the effects of child immigration history and negative life events. Finally, negative automatic thoughts mediated the relationship between child immigration history and depressive symptoms. We discuss the clinical and research implications of these findings.     

乡村振兴战略下中缅边境村寨边民流失问题及其治理策略

作为建设现代化强国的重要战略构想,乡村振兴是解决我国新时代主要矛盾的重大举措。中缅边境村寨边民流失大致可分为边民自发迁移和政府主导下的易地搬迁,其外流不仅受到当地各种推拉因素的影响,而且还与边境地区地缘、族缘跨国社会网络密切相关。边民流失导致了边境虚空与守土乏人,当地少数民族传统文化传承遭遇困境,边民社会传统秩序瓦解,跨境外流的边民面临境外宗教渗透风险,以及伴生性的跨境婚姻、拐卖妇女、贩运毒品、艾滋病蔓延等相互交织的社会问题。政府主导下的村寨治理应包括形塑边民守土固边的职责意识,改善边民生活质量以增进边民福祉,提升边民的综合素质与抵御潜在风险的能力。     

笔迹鉴定员的素养与其工作质量

笔迹检验过程中,鉴定员的目的动机、情感、实践经验等主观因素,有时可能会给检验造成一定的消极影响。从认识论角度分析,鉴定员主观因素在检验中的消极影响会客观存在,应研究避免消极因素影响的对策。     

女性高校毕业生工作满意度影响因素分析

在文献回顾基础上,文章将女性高校毕业生工作满意度量表分为工作回报、自我发展、工作本身、领导行为、团结合作5个维度。女性高校毕业生在在整体工作满意度、工作回报、自我成就、工作本身3个维度上,与男性高校毕业生没有显著性差异,而在领导行为、团体合作两个维度上所体会到的满意度均显著高于男性。影响女性高校毕业生工作满意度的因素主要涉及工作回报因子、自我发展因子、团结合作因子以及其毕业学校类型。这些因素在专业、学校类型等人口统计学变量上产生了差异性特征。     

资源失灵与阻抗力--基于M村婚姻暴力现象的研究

解释婚姻暴力时资源正功能论和资源负功能论并存,现实中女性拥有较多资源也可能长期遭受婚姻暴力,构成本文所谓"资源失灵"现象。本文通过对资源概念进行界定及分类,厘清问题本质,考察农村家庭中妻子面对婚姻暴力时经济资源失灵的过程与机理,揭示家庭背景、社区文化等结构资源对个体经济资源的主导作用,从阻抗力的角度思考相关对策。女性具有的男权中心性别观念会扭曲其对经济资源的主观认知,抑制其资源利用能力,导致资源失灵。家庭因素、社区环境等结构资源通过社会化过程影响个体的观念系统,也会以社会支持方式促进或压制经济资源的作用。婚姻暴力阻抗力能减少受暴女性对施暴者或者婚姻关系的依赖性,其产生需激活相应的外部结构资源,并激发个体的意愿与决心。     

试论网络技术对社会政治发展的几点作用

网络技术的应用和普及必将作用于社会政治领域 ,给社会政治的发展带来深远影响。它为社会政治结构的调整和功能改善提供了技术手段 ,使政府组织结构从垂直化走向扁平化 ,并有助于政府管理的法治化。同时 ,网络技术影响民众参与社会政治生活的观念和方式 ,为民众参与政治生活提供了新的信息通道 ,并使个人作为参政主体的地位得到提升。