美国对土耳其和伊拉克边境危机的对策

2007年10月,土耳其库尔德工人党武装从伊拉克北部频繁越过土伊边境,在土耳其发动恐怖袭击.10月17日,土耳其议会授权政府派军队越境打击库工党.美国一直阻止土耳其采取大规模越境军事行动.11月初,美国开始给土耳其提供关于库工党的情报.布什认为,库工党是美、土、伊三国共同的敌人.2007年12月～2008年2月,土耳其战机多次空袭伊拉克北部库工党目标.美国要求土耳其考虑以非军事方式解决库工党问题.美国试图在维持伊拉克稳定、保护伊拉克北部库尔德人和帮助土耳其解决库工党问题等方面寻求平衡.     

“Ukraine Fatigue” and a New U.S. Agenda for Europe and Eurasia

Ukraine's current policy line is counterproductive, according to the authors. Not only may potential supporters be unable to help Ukraine, they will probably not want to help it and will ignore the consequences of its distress given their preoccupation with other problems. Then many wolves will flock not only to Ukraine's but to Europe's door obliging us then to confront a much greater crisis with fewer resources at hand to meet it.     

美国的困局

2006年,国际格局调整加快,世界热点问题升温,大国协调进一步展开,中国外交硕果累累。2007年,世界将进入深度调整,国际形势总体趋向缓和,但局部紧张可能加剧,尤其是伊朗核问题有可能升级,中国外交则在面对新机遇的同时有可能遭遇更复杂的挑战。鉴此,《现代国际关系》编辑部于2007年1月6日举办“2007年国际大势前瞻”研讨会,特别邀请30多位京内外专家学者在总结、回顾2006年国际形势的基础上,着重对2007年国际形势及中国外交的变化趋势进行前瞻性分析。现将研讨会主要观点辑录如下,以期有助于读者更准确把握国际形势走向。     

1979年中越边境冲突中的美中苏三角关系

1979年中越边境冲突 ,实际上是以中美为一方 ,以苏越为另一方在东亚进行的一场具有战略意义的角逐。“教训越南”的战略举动主要是着眼于稳定东南亚局势 ,着眼于国际反对霸权主义斗争格局。中美战略协调关系在此过程中得到了加强     

U.S.-India Relations: The Way Forward

Both Washington and New Delhi share blame for the loss of momentum in bilateral relations. Unlike its predecessor, the Obama administration has not displayed much interest in high-profile cooperation, while the paralysis of the current Indian government has constrained its own capacity for engagement. Nonetheless, more progress has been made in the relationship in recent years than is generally appreciated. With the presidential election cycle beginning in the United States and India conducting an important round of state-level elections in early 2012, the best use of diplomatic resources in the short term is to focus on consolidating these promising trends. Yet once leaders on both sides are able to re-engage more fully, perhaps as soon as 2013, they should give priority attention to further deepening the partnership through a set of galvanizing initiatives that bolster the non-governmental links that are key in securing the growth of broad-based, resilient relations over the long term.     

The U.S. Debate on Taiwan

A number of government officials and scholars in the U.S. have recently suggested that the country rethink its Taiwan policy, arguing that U.S. arms sales to Taiwan need to be reconsidered. However, the mainstream still emphasizes Taiwan’s strategic value to the U.S. and advocates maintaining the current policy on Taiwan.     

A New U.S.-Colombian Relationship: Transnational Crime and U.S. National Security

To fight transnational crime, the United States needs to strengthen its cooperation with Colombia. This initiative, according to the authors, will not only be cost-effective for the United States, it will also signal U.S. willingness to work “by, with and through” other states, and may make possible an expanded regional framework to act against the criminal cartels.     

美国对朝政策:机遇与制约

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐。朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会。但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能。     

从美对俄战略看当前美俄的紧张关系

美俄关系是世界上最重要的大国关系之一。美国弱俄、抑俄政策是冷战时期对苏“遏制”战略的继续，意识形态的对抗贯穿美苏和美俄关系的发展过程。近些年来，美俄不断形成相互挑战之势，今年俄格军事冲突又导致美俄对抗势头加剧。但两国不会回到冷战时代，非敌非友的两国关系将会长期保持。     

美国在阿富汗战争中的收获与教训

虽然阿富汗战争使美国在政治、经济等方面都获益,但美依靠武力、以暴制暴的战争手段无法从根本上真正铲除恐怖主义,同时又给自己带来一系列难以消除的负面影响.     

The Futenma Issue： Implications for U.S.-Japan Alliance

The U.S.-Japan alliance is undergoing a ＂quiet crisis＂ over the plan to relocate the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station at Futenma. While it is the Japanese side that is hesitating over the relocation, relations between the two countries are also affecting how this issue is being tackled and will impact the formal alliance in the long run.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

美国对外政策与俄美关系

冷战后特别是“9·11”以来,美国始终谋求巩固由它领导的单极秩序及其超级大国地位,导致许多国家对美作为“世界领袖”的民主性及其管理世界的方法产生了怀疑。目前,俄美之间对共同利益还缺乏一致性的评价,也没有准备好建立平等的战略伙伴关系。其中一个重要原因就是两国对全球化时代的挑战与威胁,以及两国活动中的全球性因素有不同理解。美对外政策使国际关系进一步复杂化,美国应将建立新的国际秩序和确定它在其中的作用尽快提上议事日程。新的国际秩序应该是世界大国重奏“协奏曲”,并使之成为改变当代世界和在各个领域维系平衡的基础。     

U.S. will Continue to Prioritize U.S.-Sino-Japan Balance

strategic games played out between China and Japan are inextricably linked to the U.S.＇ Asia-Pacific strategy. From a historical perspective, changes in Japan＇s domestic politics today can be traced back to the 1945-1951 reforms when Japan was under the control of the U.S.. The Diaoyu Islands dispute is directly related to the U.S.-Japan peace agreement in 1951 that excluded both the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. While current changes in Sino-Japanese relations are also connected to some structural factors like changes in the balance of power between China and Japan and Japan＇s domestic politics edging to the right, another important external cause that should not be ignored is the U.S. effort to rebalance to the Asia-Pacific. Therefore, in order to improve Sino-Japanese relations, we should not only try to find the causes and relative countermeasures from both sides, but also we should properly understand those factors originating from the U.S., particularly the U.S.＇ Asia-Pacific strategy.     

The U.S. Factor in Cross-Strait Negotiations

The Taiwan issue concerns Chinese people living in the mainland and in Taiwan.Its peaceful resolution can be achieved through negotiations between the two sides.Unprecedented progress has been made since the KMT came back to power in Taiwan.On December 31,2008,at an event to mark the 30th anniversary of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan,Chinese President Hu Jintao stressed the need to deepen cross-Strait exchanges and cooperation,and said that negotiations should be considered as an important way to promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations.On May 20,2012,Ma Ying-jeou said in his second term inaugural speech that:In the next four years,the two sides of the Taiwan Strait should explore new areas of cooperation,continue to consolidate peace and expand prosperity,and deepen mutual trust.     

美国新保守主义

新保守主义是当代美国政治思想流派中最活跃也是最危险的一支,在影响美国政府决策和公众舆论上具有极大的政治能量,对美军事、外交政策包括对华政策具有不容低估的影响力。