联合国《竞争法示范法》述评

《竞争法示范法》是联合国贸易与发展会议下属的政府间竞争法与竞争政策专家组研究国际竞争法的最主要的成果,它及时因应了国际竞争法的发展趋势和要求,具有高度的灵活性和前瞻性,为促进发展中国家立法、协调各国竞争立法进行了有益尝试。     

全球治理与国际竞争法的网络模式

由于新自由主义理论的勃兴和市场机制的内在张力,国际社会步入了国际化市场经济阶段。国际化市场经济要求国际社会建立国际竞争机制解决国际市场失灵。在"洛克式"的国际体系下,借助全球治理理论建立一个多层次的国际竞争治理网络模式是国际社会现实的选择。多层次的国际竞争治理网络模式可以借鉴经济学的联邦财政理论和体制竞争理论确定各个层次的管辖权划分。     

Meeting of Commonwealth Law Ministers and Senior Officials

The paper broadly captures the legal framework for the prosecution of piracy cases in Kenya, given the experience that Kenya has gained from piracy prosecutions since 2006. It also underscores the need for regional, coastal and flag states to co-operate in the repression of piracy off the coast of Somalia in line with the UN Security Council resolutions on the subject. The challenges that Kenya has encountered in piracy prosecutions are also highlighted, and suggestions on how best states can co-operate in this regard are made. International co-operation is identified as a key component to the success in combatting piracy.     

Competition Law Fragmentation in a Globalizing World

Beaton‐Wells, Caron, and Ariel Ezrachi (eds.). 2011 . Criminalising Cartels: Critical Studies of an International Regulatory Movement . Oxford: Hart Publishing. Pp. xvi + 455. Gerber, David J. 2010 . Global Competition: Law, Markets, and Globalization . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xx + 394. Lianos, Ioannis, and D. Daniel Sokol (eds.). 2012 . The Global Limits of Competition Law . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Pp. xiv + 282. This is a review essay of Caron Beaton‐Wells and Ariel Ezrachi (eds.), Criminalising Cartels: Critical Studies of an International Regulatory Movement ( 2011 ); David J. Gerber, Global Competition: Law, Markets, and Globalization (2010); and Ioannis Lianos and D. Daniel Sokol (eds.), The Global Limits of Competition Law ( 2012 ). It explores the fragmented nature of national competition laws in the context of globalization and several harmonizing trends: the defining role of economics, the strong influence of US antitrust economics and law internationally, and the relative insularity of competition law from other subdisciplines of law. The recent emergence of competition regimes, especially in the BRICS countries, challenges these harmonizing trends, reducing US hegemony. Economics will remain central but cultural and institutional factors that reflect societal values will become more significant. This leads to a contradiction of convergence as to the benefits of competition law internationally and continuing fragmentation along national lines.     

Strengthening Humanitarian Law: what role for Commonwealth countries

This article explores some of the new challenges confronting Commonwealth countries in the context of international humanitarian law (IHL). The very nature of non-international armed conflicts presents new challenges that did not exist in the context of inter-State conflicts, which were conducted in the traditional battlefield with well demarcated boundaries. The point is made that, in addressing the role of the Commonwealth in relation to contemporary IHL issues, a good starting point would be the shared commonalities between the two branches of law, HRL and IHL, notwithstanding their distinct paths of development. There are several important areas that could form the core of Commonwealth cooperation in strengthening IHL, including in the area of legislation, national mechanisms for the implementation of IHL and regional measures to strengthen IHL.     

Third interim report Review Committee of Commonwealth Criminal Law

Third interim report Review Committee of Commonwealth Criminal Law     

论反不正当竞争法视阕下视频网站商业模式保护

互联网“注意力经济”下,企业为获得稀缺资源竞争日趋激烈.互联网“吸晴产业”——网络视频行业因庞大用户量而被屏蔽视频广告软件产业“搭便车”.随着屏蔽视频广告行为属不正当竞争行为的司法范式的确立,学界开始对“视频网站商业模式”是否应受法律保护开始讨论.而从法经济学角度阐释视频网站商业模式保护的必要性以及反不正当竞争法对其保护的合理性能够使我们更深入理解保护“视频网站商业模式”的重要性.     

论竞争法的调整对象

竞争法调整竞争关系的观点违背了民商法与经济法的基本原理。竞争法调整的是竞争规制关系 ;竞争关系作为一种市场关系 ,一般是通过交易关系直接或间接表现出来 ,它是形成竞争规制关系的基础关系 ;竞争规制关系是一种独立的经济关系 ,由竞争法专门调整     

欧共体竞争法与成员国竞争法关系初探

由于均对各自适用范围做扩张性解释,因而欧共体竞争法与成员国竞争法在适用范围上不可避免地产生了重叠, 二者构成了一利双重控制体系。但这种双重控制体系又是有条件的双重控制体系,即当二者之间有冲突时,应以共同体竞争法的效力为优先。随着统一大市场的形成以及从属原则被确立为欧盟法的基本原则,这种双重控制体系面临瓦解的可能,在未来有必要对两套法律体系的适用范围进行重新划定,从而使其各行其是,互不干涉,而且预计成员国竞争法的地位会得到相应提升,并发挥其应有的作用。     

The hundredth volume of the Law Reports of the Commonwealth

This article, written as a foreword to the hundredth volume of the Law Reports of the Commonwealth (LRC), celebrates the growing success of these law reports published since 1985. Generally appearing in four or five volumes each year, the reports collect some of the main cases, mostly from final courts, decided throughout the Commonwealth of Nations. With the demise of the Privy Council as an institutional link, the courts of the Commonwealth remain connected by the English language, a shared doctrinal and historical tradition, common legal taxonomies and a similar professional culture. The author pays special tribute to the excellent Cumulative Indexes from the 1980s to date; the insightful annual Editorial Reviews which draw attention to grand themes and trends throughout the Commonwealth in the LRCs; the outstanding work of the two foundation general editors Professor James Read and Dr. Peter Slinn; and the publishers Butterworths LexisNexis. In the place of imperial rule there is now a free sharing of knowledge in the law, as befits the free association of the Commonwealth of Nations.     

数据竞争下消费者隐私权保护的竞争法介入

司法实践表明,平台企业间的数据不正当竞争行为威胁着消费者的隐私安全,现有相关法律制度由于主体性缺位而没有提供有效的救济机制。相较于传统单一的私法或公法保护机制,竞争法的优势在于在执法和司法过程中能够掌握到消费者隐私权侵害事实,有助于降低消费者个人的维权成本以及监管机构的执法成本。但竞争法介入消费者隐私权保护的理论争议和制度短板限制了其优势的发挥。《个人信息保护法》的颁布将与竞争法保护形成有效衔接,发挥各自的比较优势。从竞争法角度而言,有必要进一步完善立法补足介入隐私权保护的制度短板,健全竞争执法中的隐私权保护机制,建立监管信息共享平台,提升隐私权保护水平。     

反不正当竞争法视野下的商标法(下)

商标法的立法目的具有层次性,其根本目的具有公益性,是通过赋予并保护商标权的方式予以实现的.商标法是反不正当竞争法的有机组成部分,并非保护私权的私法.商标权的客体形式上是标志同来源的指代关系,实质上是商标权人合法的竞争利益.商标权的权利属性应为准财产权或有限的财产权,此财产权的效力仅止于防止混淆的发生.商标权的财产权属性仅在商标转让、许可或企业并购的过程中显现,其基础是其所承载的商誉.商标使用才是商标获权的根源,意指标志来源意义上的使用.应合理平衡在先使用和在后注册之间的关系.混淆可能性是商标侵权的根本判断标准,应允许一定范围内的商标共存.商标侵权的损害赔偿救济应止于防止混淆的发生,特定情形之下所受损失与所获利益在适用作为商标侵权损害赔偿的判断标准时应有先后顺位.