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党的领导是我国宪法生命力的源泉 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
今年十月,中国共产党将召开十六届三中全会.届时,会议要讨论、通过中共中央关于修改宪法部分内容的建议.这个建议将提交全国人大常委会,由常委会决定并制定成宪法修正草案,于明年3月向第十届全国人民代表大会第二次会议提出. 相似文献
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徐博嘉 《西南政法大学学报》2013,(2):26-31
洛克作为近代宪政民主政治思想重要的奠基人之一,凭借《政府论》上、下两篇的论述,在批判"君权神授"的基础上,对"有限政府"思想进行了较为全面的阐释。尤以《政府论》下篇为代表,对后世宪政的发展产生了莫大的影响。可以说在洛克相关理论的影响下,才有了今日限制政治权力、保障公民权利的现代宪政理论。本文通过对洛克有限政府思想进行溯源剖析,分析其中所蕴含的宪政价值。 相似文献
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本文主要探讨天皇制度对近代日本宪政转型的作用。在历史上,天皇作为民族团结和国家统一的象征,对日本宪政发挥过至关重要的积极作用。天皇的精神权威贯穿着日本的全部历史,并在立宪过程中统合了具有不同利益和意识形态的各派力量,使得明治宪法的制定和实施成为可能。然而,如果天皇的精神权威和实际政治权力相结合,他又可能成为军国主义势力用来破坏宪政的工具,并把日本带入战争的灾难。第二次世界大战之后,在美国影响下制定的和平宪法剥夺了天皇实质性政治权力,并使国家主权从天皇转移到全体人民。天皇又一次借助其精神权威发挥了促进宪政、稳定社会的作用,且其真正的政治超越性使日本成功避免了第二次世界大战悲剧的重演。 相似文献
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Mattias Kumm 《European Law Journal》2005,11(3):262-307
Abstract: One of the core constitutional questions for national constitutional courts in the EU in the past decades has been whether to accept the claim made by the Court of Justice that EU law is the supreme law of the land, taking primacy even over conflicting national constitutional provisions. With the inclusion in the recently adopted Constitutional Treaty of a clause explicitly confirming the 'primacy of EU Law' appearances suggest that the EU is about to establish a characteristic of mature, vertically integrated, federal states such as the USA. This article argues that this view is mistaken. It develops a comprehensive jurisprudential framework for addressing constitutional conflicts, 'Constitutionalism Beyond the State' (CBC). CBS detaches the discussion of supremacy and constitutional conflict from a statist framework; provides a jurisprudential account that explains and justifies the highly differentiated, context-sensitive and dynamic set of conflict rules that national courts have in the past adopted; and provides the lacking theoretical basis for the more attractive, but undertheorised sui generis accounts of European constitutional practice that have recently gained ground in the literature. CBS provides a jurisprudentially grounded reconstructive account of why the issue of constitutional conflict is as rich and complicated in Europe as it is and why it is likely to remain so even if the Constitutional Treaty is ratified. The article then goes on to make concrete proposals addressed to national constitutional courts and the Court of Juctise respectively about how, in application of the developed approach, constitutional conflicts ought to be addressed doctrinally. It includes a proposal to read the new 'constitutional identity' clause as authorising Member States as a matter of EU Law to set aside EU Law on constitutional grounds under certain circumstances. 相似文献
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在美国缔结国际条约和国际协议的权力主要归属于国会。总统作为最高军事统帅,享有部分缔约权,这部分权力属于行政权中的“内含缔约权”( inherent authority)。随着国际经济交往的深入,美国国会开始将缔结部分经济与贸易协议的权力让渡给总统,这部分权力属于“授权缔约权”(delegated authority)。授权缔约权的范围有多大?总统是如何获得这些权力的?通过授权缔约权缔结的国际协议具有直接适用效力还是间接适用效力?美国宪法对此没有规定。要厘清这些关系,除了仔细研读宪法相关规定之外,我们还需要进一步了解美国的立法实践以及总统缔约权的变迁历史。 相似文献
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HU Jia-xiang 《河北法学》2012,30(3)
在美国缔结国际条约和国际协议的权力主要归属于国会.总统作为最高军事统帅,享有部分缔约权,这部分权力属于行政权中的“内含缔约权”( inherent authority).随着国际经济交往的深入,美国国会开始将缔结部分经济与贸易协议的权力让渡给总统,这部分权力属于“授权缔约权”( delegatedauthority).授权缔约权的范围有多大?总统是如何获得这些权力的?通过授权缔约权缔结的国际协议具有直接适用效力还是间接适用效力?美国宪法对此没有规定.要厘清这些关系,除了仔细研读宪法相关规定之外,我们还需要进一步了解美国的立法实践以及总统缔约权的变迁历史. 相似文献
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宪法学的教义化——德国国家法学方法论的发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文主要介绍了德国自19世纪下半叶以来的国家法学方法论的发展。从1871年开始,德国经历了三次政治上的转折,政治的变化同样反映到国家法学和宪法学的研究当中,在近一个半世纪的时间里,如何通过方法论努力科学地进行国家法和宪法的体系建构或者解释,一直是问题的重心。而德国国家法学和宪法学方法论的发展对于今天的中国而言也具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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The Japanese government has embarked on a series of reforms aimed at stimulating technology transfer from universities to industry. As a result, technology licensing offices are springing up at many national universities. Advocates hope that these reforms will increase the level of university patenting and licensing, which historically has not been a common mode of technology transfer in Japan. Their model is the technology licensing process in the United States, which acquired its present form after passage of the Bayh-Dole Technology Transfer Act of 1980. Such changes face serious historical and institutional barriers. Academic researchers, especially in engineering and physical science, have a long record of collaborative research with industry. Decisions about patenting, however, were usually left to the corporate partner; universities rarely filed for patents under their own name, nor have they, until recently, encouraged or assisted faculty researchers in doing so. Consequently, we believe that current reforms, by going against the grain of past practices, will take time to achieve the hoped for results. 相似文献
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Edward J. Eberle 《Liverpool Law Review》2012,33(3):201-233
This paper provides an overview of the development of the constitutional value of human dignity under German constitutional law. First, it provides a background to the German constitutional order then it places the constitutional value of dignity within the framework of the constitutional court’s jurisprudence on personality rights. It then progresses to an examination of specific cases that have developed personality rights and the importance of the constitutional court’s interpretation of personality and dignity in the personal and outer spheres within the framework of the German legal order. The article concludes with some observations and comparisons between German and American law in this area. 相似文献
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宪法学研究范式与宪法学中国化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自托马斯·库恩 196 2年在《科学革命的结构》中提出“范式”概念以后 ,在社会科学的研究中学者们普遍采用了“范式”的概念 ,以寻找研究问题的系统的思考方式与思维框架。库恩认为 ,范式是常规科学所赖以运作和成立的理论基础和实践规范。由于社会现象的复杂性与意识形态性 ,学者们研究某一问题时必然涉及普遍接受和运用的概念、模式、基本的理论框架与研究方法等。宪法学作为社会科学的组成部分 ,在理论研究与实践发展过程中也需要确立共同的“研究范式” ,以保持宪法学理论基础和实践规范的统一。从一般意义上宪法学研究范式涉及本体论、… 相似文献
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宪法诉讼中的审查基准,是指违宪审查机构在对相关法律进行审查、判定的时候,所秉持的价值评判准则.自1938年美国的"凯罗琳产品案"以来,"二元基准"逐渐被确立,并在建立宪法诉讼制度的国家产生了深远的影响."二元基准"确立的原因主要包括三个方面:首先,社会情势的发展变化内在地要求放宽对关涉经济之立法的审查;其次,基本权利的不同秉性内在地要求对不同性质的基本权利施加不同的审查;其三,维系代议民主政治和宪法裁判机构之正当性内在地要求对关涉精神自由和经济自由的立法施加不同的审查. 相似文献
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乔飞 《南京大学法律评论》2010,(1):219-235
《圣经》记载的以色列王国的政治权力分为三部分:王权、祭司权与先知权;权力之间有制约关系,特别是王权受到祭司、先知权力的制约;各权力主体在律法之下行使权力,政治模式体现为法律之治与神权之治,以色列王国是主权在神的"宪政"国家。 相似文献
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本文试将关于我国行政法规的概念、特征及分类的论述中存在的问题作为出发点,从宪法解释的角度,分析和阐述国务院制定行政法规的宪法依据.从而明确国务院制定行政法规的宪法意义,分清法律和行政法规的宪法地位,以便得到对行政法规的明确认识. 相似文献
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