Spectrophotometric evaluation of postmortem lividity

Under low ambient temperatures normally bluish postmortem lividity adopts a bright red or pink colour due to resaturation of haemoglobin with O2. The most important differential diagnosis in the presence of pink hypostasis is carbon monoxide poisoning. To answer the question if objective measuring methods allow differentiation of hypostasis with regard to cold exposition or carbon monoxide poisoning, spectrophotometric measurements were performed and the colorimetric measures as well as the spectral reflectance curves of the postmortem lividity were determined. The colorimetric measures CIE-L*a*b* showed similar values for all bright red livores mortis; differentiation between CO intoxication and cold exposition was not possible. Reflectance curves of pink hypostasis after cold storage showed the typical pattern of O2-rich blood with reflectance minima at wavelengths 541 nm and 576 nm and a reflectance maximum at 560 nm. Pink hypostasis because of carbon monoxide poisoning showed a shift of the reflectance maximum toward 555 nm and a flattened curve in all cases with COHb concentrations exceeding 52%, whereas these changes were not regularly observed with lower COHb levels.     

Spectrophotometric and tristimulus analysis of the colors of subcutaneous bleeding in living persons

Skeletal injuries are often strong indicators of child abuse and their detection is therefore crucial. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of three diagnostic approaches, namely autopsy, traditional (conventional) radiology, and computed tomography on "battered" piglets, in order to verify the sensitivity of each method, with respect to the true number of bone fractures assessed once the piglet was skeletonised (osteological control). Four newborn cadaver piglets who had died from natural causes were severely beaten post-mortem in every district of the body. Traditional radiography, computed tomography (CT) and autopsy were performed. The piglet was then macerated until skeletonised and the number of all fractures present recorded (osteological control). On the cranium, traditional radiology revealed only 35% circa of actual fractures, autopsy detected only 31% (P<0.01 for both comparisons versus osteological control), whereas CT imaging detected all fractures actually present. For ribs, radiology detected only 47% of all fractures present, and autopsy 65% circa (P>0.05 for both comparisons versus osteological control), while CT scans detected 34% (P<0.01). In suspected cases of fatal child abuse, we suggest that the bones of specific districts be directly analysed either at autopsy or by collecting specific diagnostic sites, such as parts of the rib cage, and subjecting them to maceration. The removed areas could be replaced with artificial material for cosmetic purposes. The authors stress the importance of combined radiological, CT scan, autopsy and osteological survey in the detection of perimortem bone fractures.     

利用下颌骨进行种族判定的初步研究

目的探讨下颌骨在种族差异性方面的应用价值。方法选取18个常规测量项进行测量,将测量数据输入计算机,使用SPSS统计软件进行两独立样本T检验和Fisher判别分析。结果使用6个种族之间的差异性有统计学意义(P<0.05)的指标建立了6组全指标、逐步和多指标判别方程。结论下颌骨的种族差异性可为种族判别提供借鉴。     

Spectrofluorimetric and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Two Analgesic Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids

Simple, reliable, sensitive, and accurate spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods were proposed for the determination of two selected analgesic drugs, namely tramadol and morphine, in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. The proposed methods were based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by Cerium (Ce)IV in an acidic medium. The spectrofluorimetric method is based on measuring the relative fluorescence intensity of Ce(III) arising from Ce(IV) at 350 nm with an excitation wavelength at 250 nm. The spectrophotometric method involves on addition of a known excess of Ce(IV) to the studied drugs in an acid medium, followed by the determination of residual Ce(IV) by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 510 nm. Different variables affecting the reaction conditions, such as the concentrations of Ce(IV), type and concentration of the acid medium, reaction time, temperature, and the diluting solvents, were carefully studied and optimized.     

海洛因盐型检验研究进展

本文综述了海洛因毒品不同存在形态的基本性质,对海洛因毒品进行盐型检验的必要性以及近年来国内外对于海洛因盐型检验的基本情况和研究进展。     

Projectile entry angle determination

Small angles of projectile entry are difficult to determine in two-dimensional targets or in three-dimensional targets where internal deflection has taken place. This results from the fact that small errors in measurement lead to large errors in the calculation of the sine function used in the estimation of the angular projection of a circle onto an inclined plane at angles of less than 20 degrees from the normal. The use of a bullet tip scale, constructed to the dimensions of the entering projectile, allows a significantly more accurate determination of small angles of entry in targets not subject to stretching. A comparison of the relative error inherent in calculating entry angle using the sine function and measuring the angle using the bullet tip scale demonstrates the suitability of using the tip scale at angles less than 20 degrees and the sine function at entry angles greater than 20 degrees.     

ABO determination of chewing gum residues

Tracing for ABH-Antigens on Chewing Gum 14 different chewing gum-brands were examined for their quality as trace carriers. Our examinations of freshly chewed gums resulted in distinction of ABH-antigens without greater difficulties by using absorption/elution and absorption/inhibition techniques. A simple method was developed to pulverize chewing gum for elution of the antigens.     

X染色体与性别鉴定

综述了X染色体的遗传学特性 ,采用细胞学、分子生物学方法等方法检测X染色体鉴定性别的原理、方法、利弊 ,并展望了X染色体应用前景和相关技术的发展。