Necessary Policy Changes in Bush''s "Diplomatic Revolution"

How exactly to see America's foreign policy of Bush's second term? To put it briefly, on the issues scholars of America and other countries including China can roughly divided into two schools, they are respectively "continue or constant school" and "change or adjust school." The former believes that Bush's win in the general election means a victory of conservatism. In his second term, President Bush will not change the general direction of his tough foreign policy.     

Readjustment in U.S. Foreign Policy

At the dawn of the new century, the Republicans returned to the White House after eight years in opposition. When President George W. Bush and his foreign policy team were striving to realize their diplomatic ambition, the events of September 11 led them to readjust their foreign policy, thereby a remarkable feature can be seen in Mr. Bush's initial diplomacy.     

George W.Bush Reelected & the Sino-U.S.Relationship

The US presidential election of 2004 is a big event of the year that has attracted worldwide attention. After a fierce fight, George Walker Bush, the GOP's candidate and incumbent president, won the reelection at last. How will Bush's foreign policy and China policy be like in his second term? The question has now drawn widespread concern in the academic circles.     

Issues Related to EU''s Foreign Policy

The European Union (EU) is widely regarded as an important international actor, and usually referred to as a big power like the U. S. , Russia, China and Japan. So naturally the foreign policy of the EU has caught attention of both officials and scholars over the world. However, the EU is also a combination of sovereign states, its foreign policy is different from others, and perhaps this is often ignored. For instance, unlike a single nation state, the EU's influence and power are different in various policy fields due to its different ways of decision-making and implementation. Also, different from the common currency, the forming of the common foreign policy of the EU doesn't mean the disappearance of respective member state's foreign policy. Only seeing or emphasizing one respect will lead to a misunderstanding of the EU. Moreover, as a unique "supranational and intergovernmental" organization in the world, the EU has too many complex institutions, names and terms. Of course, the situation is not better in the field of foreign policy, and it easily leads to confusion and misunderstanding. It is also necessary to point out that the EU is still in the process of evolvement, and in particular, as one of the major reforms of the EU in recent years, the foreign policy-making mechanism has been in the center of change and adjustment. It is no doubt that this adds to the difficulties of studying and understanding the EU's foreign policy. In a word, the author thinks it is necessary to raise some major issues related to the EU's foreign policy and delve into it in connecting with the EU's current development.     

Obama's Middle East Policy

Obama's Middle East policy comes to its epilogue with the end of his 8-year White House tenancy.An aspirational speech in Cairo in 2009 and the shrinkage of US military in the Middle East in 2017 are the bookends to a shelf of events and decisions that are already being parsed and judged by historians and foreign relations experts.Bringing democracy to the Middle East is no longer a major US goal.When measured against the Pivot to Asia-Pacific and a potential pro-Russia foreign policy under Republican President Donald Trump,the Middle East is now seated as a second violin in American foreign policy.     

Major Features of the New Situation and China''''s Foreign Policy

Speaking of "China's foreign policy under new circumstances," there are five features of the new circumstances in my opinion. All these five features will not fundamentally change in accordance with major events such as the Iraq war, and to a certain extent, determine that China's basic foreign policy need not and will not make major adjustments.     

Reflections on My New Experiences in China──Mr. Turkmen,the Former Turkish Foreign Minister and Columnist on His Visit to China

Editor's Note: At the invitation ofthe Chinese Association for InternationalUnderstanding, after visiting China fromthe 12th to 19th last March, Mr IlterTurkmen, former foreign minister ofTurkey and a columnist of Hurriyet, wrote3 articles for Hurriyet based on his experiences in China, giving an objectics accountof China's policy of reform and opening tothe outside world as well as the success ofthis policy. What follows is an excerpt ofthe translation of his article" Seeking truthfrom …     

An Analysis of Donald Trump's Political Personality Traits and Policy Orientations

As a political leader,US President Trump's personality traits affect his policy orientations and current US foreign policy.The authors analyze Trump's personality in several categories-uninhibited and capricious,dynamic and capable,profit-orientated and self-centered,competitive and persistent,positive and extraverted.The traits of breaking traditions,skill at strategic deception and negotiation,action-motivated implementation,intuitive decision-making,pursuit of respect and interest exchange,and vengefulness will shape his policy and behavioral orientations.Initial study shows Trump to be a political leader with positive personality traits and double-sided dimensions.The analysis offers insight toward understanding the new US executive and his policy direction.     

Russia''''s Third World Policy

The status of the Third World in Russian foreign policy plummeted in the immediate post-Soviet years, during which Moscow pursued a "Look West" policy. When the design of the West to contain and weaken the country came to light however, vigilance heightened in Moscow and timely foreign policy readjustments were under way by raising the weight of the Third World. Russia intends to use the resulting boosted ties as a prop to its pursuit of an equal partnership with the     

A Comparative Analysis of Abe＇s and Fukuda＇s Asia Diplomacy

As Abe was replaced by Fukuda, Japan＇s domestic and foreign policies were also amended. Abe＇s ＂proactive diplomacy＂ has been replaced by Fukuda＇s ＂synergy diplomacy＂ which emphasizes strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance and Japan＇s ties with Asia. Abe＇s diplomacy toward Asia was characterized by ＂value oriented diplomacy＂, whereas Fukuda seeks to carry out ＂active diplomacy toward Asia＂ after his cabinet was formed. The changes in foreign policy of the Abe and Fukuda cabinets show that Japan＇s nationalist foreign policy is evolving in twists and turns from being radical to being more rational against the backdrop of domestic and international political reality. To explore this change and its causes is conducive to the better understanding of some features of Japan＇s diplomacy toward Asia.     

A More Pragmatic and Flexible Foreign Policy

During his second tenure, Clinton will pay more attention to diplomatic workand may make some adjustments in his foreign policy while maintainingcontinuity of the policy during his first tenure.1. The guideline of foreign policy of the new administration would be charac-terized by the following three features:     

Foreign Policy Readjustments by the Abe Government And Their Limitations

The Shinzo Abe cabinet took on some new thinking in its foreign policy when it started to function: it made some readjustments to the foreign policy of his predecessor Junichiro Koisumi. Abe tends to be more moderate and pragmatic in concept and action in diplomacy. He has made a good beginning with some initial achievements. As Abe and Koizumi are from the same Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) that is getting more and more     

US Election and Sino-US Relations

The general elections in the United States this year will elect the first presidentin the new millennium, a third of the senators (34) and all the 435 house rep-resentatives. The event will have a historic importance in the annals of the nationbecause involved will not only be the political fortune and strategic direction of theDemocratic and the Republic Parties but also changes in US foreign policy, Chinapolicy in particular.     

The EU’s Foreign Policy Under Debt Crisis

Under the impact of the sovereign debt crisis, the European Union pays less attention to its foreign policy and the Common Foreign Policy tends to be "renationalized"; the EU is again embracing "geo-economics" with an enhanced tendency of highlighting economic ties and trade in its external relations; EU countries have greatly cut their defence expenditures, making it more difficult to implement the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) in future. The author holds that the prospects of economic growth in the Eurozone countries, European integration under the pressure of structural changes in international relations, and competition and collaboration in a multiple structure of foreign policy establishments are combined to shape the EU’s foreign policy in the coming years.     

Adjustment in Expansion

The U. S. election 2004 finally concluded. Bush defeated Kerry and was re-elected U. S. President, though after fierce competition. What global strategy and foreign policy will Bush take in his second term becomes the subject that is hotly discussed. In Bush's first term, U. S. government underwent the 9/11 terrorist events. Afterwards, the Bush administration linked anti-terrorism with overthrowing Sad- dam. Without ample evidence, America launched war against Iraq de- spite opposition …     

“美国优先”对美韩、美日同盟的影响（英文）

正Under the"America First"foreign policy,the Trump administration has taken a series of measures toward its East Asian allies the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Japan,in order to force them to make substantial concessions on defense cost-sharing and trade issues.As a     

Changes in America''s China Policy

Many Chinese are optimistic about Washington's China policy in Bush's second term. Such expectation is based on the following judgments. First of all, after judgments and changes for several years, the Bush administration has taken a more positive policy toward China on the whole.     

Adjustment in Expansion

The U.S. election 2004 finally concluded. Bush defeated Kerry and was re-elected U.S. President, though after fierce competition. What global strategy and foreign policy will Bush take in his second term becomes the subject that is hotly discussed. In Bush‘s first term, U.S. government underwent the 9/11 terrorist events. Afterwards, the Bush administration linked anti-terrorism with overthrowing Saddam. Without ample evidence, America launched war against Iraq despite opposition of major member states of the UN Security Council, revealing its clear conservatist inclination and serious unilateral act. Consequently it is predicted that Bush will continue such a policy in his second term and even go further away. However, with regard to the overall situation, Bush will partly restrict his extremely serious unilateral policy and return to an intermediate policy to some extent. This is revealed in the following features.……     

Religious influence on Current American Politics and Diplomacy

In recent three decades, due to the revival of the evangelicalChristianity and ＂political awakening＂ of the religious right-wing in the United States, religion has played an increasingly important role in U.S. domestic and foreign policy. Regarding U.S. foreign policy, a landmark event of religious influence on American politics was the adoption of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 （IRFA 1998）. And in respect of domestic policy, religious influence was demonstrated in the American presidential election in 2004. The IRFA 1998 was one of the most comprehensive human rights acts in American history. The adoption and implementation of the Act fully reflected the religious influence on U.S. foreign policy since the end of the Cold War. The American presidential election in 2004 provided a stage for the political mobilization of the evangelicals and religious right-wing. ＂Values voters＂ and ＂four million white evangelical voters to return to the polling station＂ were considered a key factor contributing to the victory of the Republican Party.     

What Strategic Outlook Holds for America in Iraq?

Agreat controversy is stirring up the world opinion over the future direction of developments in Iraq, a matter affecting overall U.S. foreign policy and even the international power configuration as well. An accurate assessment, however, requires analyzing the relevance of the issue to U.S. vital interests, the results of its current policy over there and its ability to cope with further potential challenges. The author rules out U. S. giving up its cause in Iraq or the likelihood of any drastic modifications in its present policy. He also concedes its ability to achieve partial successful reconstruction in the war-torn country, albeit in a scaled-down version, far short of its original much-vaunted expectations. In sum, Washington will naturally make constant policy adjustments to meet challenges for realization of its dynamic phased goals and maintain its continued military presence there in a certain form so as to ensure its strategic interests in Iraq,the Greater Middle East and even the entire "arc of instability."