Law and the media

I would like to thank Margaret Andersen, Dan Slater, and Ron Roesch for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this essay.     

Crime prevention through mass media: Prospects and problems

This article examines some social scientific issues relating to the operation and evaluation of crime prevention through mass media programs. It is argued that the efficacy of such programs is dependent upon the successful application of several empirically based communication principles. In addition, the attempt is made to analyze several general problems concerning the meaning and measurement of program success. Issues relating to both the operation and the evaluation of crime prevention through mass media programs are discussed in terms of their practical implications for public policy.     

Rape myth in true and false rape allegations

Abstract

Police records of 38 rape allegations, evenly split into maintained-as-true and withdrawn-as-false categories were compared with 19 generated-false statements from recruited participants. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMAS) was used to assess the attitudes of the participants and a content analysis derived from IRMAS was used to compare the three categories of allegation. Rape myths were present in all three allegation types. The two categories of false allegation both contained more rape myths than the true allegations but no differences were found between the generated and withdrawn false allegations. High scorers in IRMAS also produced more violent false accounts. In addition to these findings, this study provides support for the further examination of rape myths in both false and true statements and use of generated allegations as proxies for real false statements.     

法律经济学的普通法语境及其在大陆法系背景下的应用前景

在法律经济学的引入过程中,我们遇到了实用推广方面的障碍。这种障碍,一定程度上与法律经济学的普通法语境有关,即一种功利主义和实用主义法哲学指导下的、法官能够发挥更大创造作用和法律体系的形式理性并非非常严格的环境是有利于法律经济学的发展的。但是,另一方面,法律经济学在大陆法系的制度背景下仍然有非常广阔的实用前景,因为三段论式的形式逻辑思维不是法律人实务操作活动的全部。在立法、纠纷解决的利益估算、充分实现个案中的矫正正义以及在疑难案件中运用利益衡量方法等方面,法律经济分析都可以发挥非常重要的作用。     

Misidentification of self and the Riel Phenomenon.

Misidentification syndromes or phenomena are found in a number of psychiatric situations that may become the subject of forensic science review. One of the most curious is misidentification of self in which the individual perceives himself or herself as another being while able to explain the loss of the original identity. Recognizing these phenomena may be helpful in accurate diagnosis, in considering such conditions as psychosis of whatever type, multiple personality disorder, and other amnesia and fugue states, and in understanding the person's psychopathology. Two cases are presented to illustrate a process that the authors have named the Riel Phenomenon, after the person who was a party to what is often recognized as the most famous case in Canadian history.     

行政法上的客观法与主观法

针对如何理解行政法上客观法与主观法的关系,存在三种基本立场。主客观法分离立场认为维护公益的行政法与公民个人权利形成对峙。该立场存在无法关联违法性与侵权性、抱持无视宪法的行政法观等疑问。主客观法结合立场主张从客观法中分出一部分请求权对应行政主体法定义务。该立场存在宪法与行政法平台错位、公益与私益纵向割裂等局限。主客观法统一立场将客观法当作主观法的全部集合,权利由客观法分解得来。该立场是理解行政法主客观法关系的妥当见解。在分配行政与利害调整观念下,特定或不特定复数私人主体间基于行政法律规范的各种利益与不利益冲突、对立并交织而成的利害关系网才是行政实体法律关系的本质,行政法上的实体权利应当由此导出。遵循“利害关系→合法权益”而非“合法权益→利害关系”的逻辑顺序才是判断行政诉讼原告资格的正确方法。     

First amendment theory and conceptions of the self

Free speech theory is built upon certain notions of the individual person and his or her rights that derive from early expositors of liberalism. This picture of the human person—the “liberal self"—has come under attack from a variety of theoretical perspectives, including communitarians, feminists, literary theorists, and critical legal studies scholars. This article examines the rival conceptions of the self and analyzes the possible effects on First Amendment theory of these critiques of the liberal self.     

经济法与民法视野中的干预——对民法与经济法关系及经济法体系的研究

干预是外力对某种关系或机制的一种介入。在法律中 ,并非只有经济法才体现公权的干预 ,民法也体现了公权的干预 ,只是两种干预在对象、功能、手段、广度、深度及有效干预的前提等方面有着差异 ,这些差异构成了民法与经济法的区别。文章主要探究了这两种公权干预的质的规定性 ,并在此基础上对经济法体系中几个有争议问题作了一点探讨。     

From the Supervision by Public Opinion to the Press Law——Based on the contemporary media and judicature's relations

新闻自由与司法公正都是民主与法治的基本要求,是人类所追求的价值目标.但必须意识到舆论监督权的过度扩张,往往形成民众的激情与压力,影响到独立、理性的司法裁判和司法公正.如何权衡两者之间的矛盾与冲突成为摆在我们面前的一个时代主题.在借鉴国际规则和国外经验的基础上,结合我国司法与传媒的现状,新闻法治应是当前化解传媒与司法困境的可选择之路.     

The myth of the corporation as a creation of the state

The general movement to joint stock enterprise could not take place until certain economic and legal changes had been effected … The legal change was the substitution of the law of corporations for the law of partnership in company affairs. Investors could then invest safely and full exploitation of the economic changes became possible … Out before the legal changes of 1844 and 1855. English law virtually prohibited joint-stock enterprise for ordinary trading and manufacturing purposes.¹     

The Boycott of the Law and the Law of the Boycott: Law, Labour, and Politics in British Columbia

This article uses a critical theoryllegal mobilization perspective to study the 1987–92 trade union boycott of the British Columbia labour law. The problems encountered establishing a total boycott–one that would eschew all contact with the state–and the subsequent modification of the parameters of the boycott through a selective reliance on the law offer an important case from which to learn more about the role of law and legal rights in highly regulated organizations and how collectives mobilize the law. The author argues that legal rights are important to unions because of their ability to mediate the complexity of labour relations through a decentralization of authority. At the same time, mobilization of the law for this purpose accentuates localized identities and unequal resources that operate in tension with a boycott ethos, necessitating a deliberative politics to legitimize the law. By exploring the tension between these two forms of mobilization around law–one to reduce complexity, another to legitimize broad collective norms–the author analyzes and draws some conclusions about the reproduction of social unionism in British Columbia.     

Narcotics trafficking and the American mafia: The myth of internal prohibition

Numerous books assert that the Mafia long had a prohibition against engaging in narcotics trafficking, either for reasons of morality, or else because of the public stigma attached to drugs. In reality, there are many problems with the belief in voluntary abstention. The mythical nature of internal prohibition, and the far different reality, will be illustrated from the case of Philadelphia, supposedly the base for one of the most powerful and traditional-minded of all the American Mafia groups, the family headed from 1959 to 1980 by don Angelo Bruno. We will attempt to explain the roots of the prohibition myth, both for writers and for the wider public that appears so endlessly enthusiastic about sagas of organized crime. Finally, the paper examines the implications of this myth for policy makers in successive wars on crime.     

硬法、软法的整合与经济法范式的革命

为依法治国提供理论指导和学理支撑,法学承担着重大的使命,也面临严峻的挑战。围绕保障"十三五"规划有效实施,以中国新发展理念为指引,在分析论证现代化经济治理创新和硬法、软法基本定位的基础上,对经济领域软法的引入应用及其与硬法的有机结合,提出了较为前卫和实际的对策建议。     

伊拉克战争涉及的国际法和国际刑法问题

战争行为是人类历史上最为残暴的行为之一,在国际犯罪种类中也属于最为严重的罪行之一。近代第一次和第二次世界大战的爆发,不仅没有达到战争发动者所欲追求的结果,反而进一步暴露了战争的残酷性,也发展了涉及战争行为的国际法律文件。1949年的四个《日内瓦公约》及两个《附加议定书》确立了战争行为采用的规章和规则,并进一步确认了战争罪行违反国际人道主义法和习惯国际法的基本模式。因此战争,尤其是国际性的伊拉克战争不可避免地涉及国际法和国际刑法的问题。     

论公私法的划分对冲突法的影响——外国公法作为准据法的可行性分析

公私法的划分对冲突法的影响主要表现为:外国公法是否可以作为准据法?对于这一问题在国际私法学界是有争论的。本文在分析了公私法的划分在实体法和冲突法上的不同表现后,重点论述了外国公法作为准据法的可行性,和实现外国公法成为准据法的条件。     

公私法的划分与法的内在结构

公私法的划分是法理学的基本问题之一 ,也是建设中国特色社会主义法律体系必须解决的一个基本问题。本文回顾了公私法划分的历史 ,评析了学者们关于公私法划分的根据 ,对公私法的含义进行了新的阐释 ,认为公私法的划分是法的内在结构问题 ,划分公私法的直接根据是法律调整的不同方法 ,而法律调整的方法 ,基本上或主要地决定于法律调整的对象。明确这一问题 ,有利于澄清长期困扰法理学界的一些重要问题 ,以便根据法律调整对象的不同和实际生活的需要 ,选择最佳的法律调整方法 ,这对建设中国特色社会主义法律体系具有重大的指导意义     

论刑事司法中行为时法、中间法与裁判时法的适用

一、问题的提出 行为时法、中间法、裁判时法的适用问题属于刑法的时间效力问题或溯及力问题。从旧兼从轻原则、不溯及既往原则,是刑法界比较熟悉的刑法时间效力原则,是处理犯罪行为时和犯罪裁判时法律不一致情况下的法律适用原则,这是新旧两法的选择适用问题。但在近期的刑事司法实践中,因涉及适用刑法修正...