Nurse practitioner challenges to the orthodox structure of health care delivery: regulation and restraints on trade

Until recently, physicians have been the primary health care providers in the United States. In response to the rising health care costs and public demand of the past decade, allied health care providers have challenged this orthodox structure of health care delivery. Among these allied health care providers are nurse practitioners, who have attempted to expand traditional roles of the registered nurse. This article focuses on the legal issues raised by several major obstacles to the expansion of nurse practitioner services: licensing restrictions, third party reimbursement policies, and denial of access to medical facilities and physician back-up services. The successful judicial challenges to discriminatory practices against other allied health care providers will be explored as a solution to the nurse practitioners' dilemma.     

Red Cross and federal government held liable for hemophiliacs' HIV infection

After eight years of litigation, on 21 June 2000 three hemophiliacs infected with HIV finally won a judgment against the Canadian Red Cross Society and the federal government. An Ontario trial court ruled the Red Cross and the government were negligent for having delayed the implementation of heat treatment for blood products, which resulted in the plaintiffs' infections. Since starting their lawsuits in 1992, two of the three plaintiffs died of AIDS before the trial judgment. But the damage awards were criticized by the plaintiffs' lawyer.     

US: health department liable for incorrectly telling man he had HIV

In January 2002, a jury in Oklahoma City awarded US$1.4 million in damages to a man who was incorrectly told in October 1993 by the county health department that he was HIV-positive.     

论无单放货损害赔偿的责任主体

针对国际海上货物运输中长期存在的无单放货损害赔偿的责任主体问题,以我国《海商法》和《民法通则》的规定为依据,结合《汉堡规则》的规定和国际航运实践做法,分析承运人、实际承运人及其代理人、港口经营人承担无单放货造成的损害赔偿责任的条件、责任种类等。     

Qualitative diatom analysis as a tool to diagnose drowning.

Since the 1950s, quantitative diatom analysis has been used successfully at the Department of Forensic Medicine at the University of Helsinki as a supportive method for diagnosing deaths by drowning. The reliability of the method was firmly established in 1986 by a study involving 107 probable cases of drowning. Since 1982, the quantitative analysis has been complemented with qualitative diatom analysis. This report presents potential applications of the latter method by describing its use in six cases of drowning.