三甲基硫赶磷酸酯在甲胺磷农药中毒检验中的作用

目的探讨三甲基硫赶磷酸酯在甲胺磷农药中毒检验中的作用。方法利用气-质联用仪器(GC-MS)分析了甲胺磷中毒者的检材(血,胃内容物)。结果检出了O,O,S三甲基硫赶磷酸酯,却未检出甲胺磷。结论研究了这一现象的原因和确定了O,O,S三甲基硫赶磷酸酯(O,O,S-TMTP)可作为甲胺磷中毒的佐证物。     

SNaPshot技术应用于云南省部分人群ABO血型基因分型

目的应用SNa Pshot技术对ABO血型进行基因型检测。方法采集107份已知血型(由血清学获得)的云南无关个体静脉血提取DNA,运用SNa Pshot Multiplex试剂盒对ABO血型基因的第261、297、681、703、802和803核苷酸位置的6个SNP位点进行复合扩增检测,计算相关遗传学参数。结果 107份血样中A、B、O~A、O~G 4个等位基因的频率分别为0.355 1、0.168 2、0.230 0、0.247 6,其中A~G和顺式AB未检出,ABO基因分型结果与血清学检验的结果一致。结论 SNaPshot技术适用于ABO血型基因的分型。     

H2O2诱导PC12细胞凋亡前后miRNA的变化及探讨

目的用微小RNA(miRNA)基因芯片技术检测H2O2诱导凋亡的PC12细胞和正常PC12细胞miR-NA的表达谱差异。方法分别以不同浓度的H2O2处理PC12细胞12h,用MTT和流式细胞仪检测处理后细胞的生长活力和凋亡情况;分别提取A(0浓度H2O2处理组)和B(400nmol/LH2O2处理组)PC12细胞的miRNA做miRNA基因芯片检测。结果以A组作为对照,30、50、100、200、400nmol/L的H2O2处理的PC12细胞生存率分别为(92±9.80)%、(90±14.70)%、(80±13.85)%、(54±12.33)%、(22±7.35)%(P<0.01);0、30、50、100、200和400nmol/L的H2O2处理的PC12细胞早期凋亡率分别为2.6%、5.2%、7.2%、10.4%、16.6%、72.2%;在样品A中共筛选出68个有效表达的miRNA分子数据,在样品B中筛选出46个有效表达的miRNA分子数据,两者样品中均检测到有效表达的miRNA分子有39个,其中与样品A相比,在样品B中显著性下调表达的有6个。结论为脑缺血再灌注损伤中神经细胞凋亡的机制和治疗的研究提供了理论依据和新的研究思路。     

用等电聚焦法同步检测血浆类粘蛋白ORM_1亚型和Gc亚型

作者应用等电聚焦加免疫印迹技术，样品经过神经氨酸酶的预处理，首次建立了同步检测血浆ORM1亚型和Gc亚型的分型方法。本法累计个人识别机率为0．8063，累计非父排除率为0．4837。是同步电泳分型中鉴别机率较高的一种。     

Deserved Delayed Release? The Communicative Theory of Punishment and Indeterminate Prison Sentences

Indeterminate sentencing is a sentencing practice where offenders are sentenced to a range of potential imprisonment terms and where the actual release date is determined later, typically by a parole board. Although indeterminate sentencing is often considered morally problematic from a retributivist perspective, Michael O’Hear has provided an interesting attempt to reconcile indeterminate sentencing with the communicative version of retributivism developed by Antony Duff. O’Hear’s core argument is that delayed release, within the parameters of the indeterminate sentence, can be seen as an appropriate retributivist response to the violations of prison rules. This article highlights several problems in O’Hear’s proposal and argues that the communicative theory is not easily reconciled with his proposed model for indeterminate sentencing. In conclusion, it is argued that proponents of the communicative version of retributivism should resist indeterminate prison sentences.     

vWFⅢ基因座扩增片段长度多态性及其法医学应用

研究短串联重复vWⅢ基因应扩增片段长度多态性及其法医学意义。应用STR－PCR分型法对200名中国辽宁汉族无关个体的短串联重复VWFⅢ的多态性进行调查。共检出8个等位基因,频率分布在0．003～0．333,基因长度范围为154～182bP,个人识别能力为0．921,非父排除率为0．581。群体调查证实该基因座符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡,家系调查结果表明其遗传符合孟德尔方式。该基因座可作为人类群体遗传学的一个有价值的多态性标记,可用于法医学个人识别及亲子鉴定。     

SNaPshot技术检测Y-SNP位点O3-M122单倍群的应用

目的采用SNaPshot技术检测案例检材O3-M122位点6个亚群的分型,并调查其在云南3个民族无关男性人群中的频率分布。方法建立5-plex Y-SNPs复合扩增体系,采用SNaPshot Multiplex试剂盒,检测案例检材O3-M122单倍群下O3*-M122、O3a*-M324、O3a3*-P201、O3a3b*-M7、O3a3c*-M134、O3a3c1*-M117共6个Y-SNPs分型,并对上述6个Y-SNPs在云南佤族、白族、傣族共174名无关男性个体中的分布进行调查。结果 17份案例检材均得到良好的分型结果。上述3个民族分别在3个、5个、5个位点上发现多态性,其中佤族O3a3*-P201分布频率最高(0.430 0);白族O3a*-M324频率最高(0.212 3);傣族O3a3c1*-M117频率最高(0.158 2)。结论多重PCR反应及SNaPshot技术的联合应用适用于法医案件检材DNA检测,3个民族多态性数据可为相关应用所参考。     

Nitrous Oxide Determination in Postmortem Biological Samples: A Case of Serial Fatal Poisoning in a Public Hospital*

Abstract: In a public hospital, eight cases of fatal poisoning by nitrous oxide (N₂O) occurred under oxygen administration, due to an erroneous swapping of the lines in the gas system. The aim of the study was to clarify the factors involved in asphyxia by characterizing gases from different lines and measuring N₂O concentrations in postmortem biological samples from bodies exhumed. Analyses carried out on the gas system confirmed the erroneous substitution of O₂ line with N₂O and air line with O₂. Consequently, high N₂O amounts were revealed in several tissues and gaseous biological samples. All specimens were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography technique. A rigorous quantitative analysis was possible only in blood (11.29–2152.04 mg/L) and urine (95.11 mg/L) and in air samples from stomach and trachea (from 5.28 to 83.63 g/m³). This study demonstrates that N₂O can be detected in biological samples even 1 month after death.     

油红O显现手印配方中各物质的作用验证

目的研究油红O显现手印配方中各物质的作用及其对显现效果的影响。方法对配方中的主要成分进行定性、定量实验来分析、考察实验结果。结果油红O粉末的颜色与显出的手印纹线颜色关系较大,溶液中的氢氧化钠关系着显出的手印纹线与背景的反差。结论 Alexandre Beaudoin公布的配方稳定、显现效果好,值得在实践工作中推广。     

油红O显现热敏纸上潜在手印研究

目的建立了一种油红O显现热敏纸上客体表面的潜手印的新方法。方法将检材浸泡在配制好的油红O的显现试剂中,油红可将指纹中遗留的油脂染色从而显现出手印纹线。结果显现出手印纹线为红色,纹线连贯,反差明显。结论油红O能够有效地显现出热敏纸上潜手印。     

SPE-LC-MS/MS法测定尿液与血液中海洛因3种代谢物

目的采用SPE-LC-MS/MS方法,同时检测尿液与血液中海洛因主要代谢物3-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸吗啡(M3G)、吗啡和O6-单乙酰吗啡(O6)。方法采用BAKERBONDTMspe Octadecyl(C18)进行提取,应用LC-MS/MS方法检测并通过MRM及内标法进行量化。结果尿液中M3G、吗啡、O6-单乙酰吗啡的最低检测限(LOD)分别为1.24pg、6.71pg、0.47pg;回收率依次为82.25±12.25%、93.75±13.25%、88.70±11.90%。血液中M3G、吗啡、O6-单乙酰吗啡的最低检测限分别为1.50pg、8.21pg、0.52pg。回收率依次为89.85±21.15%、73.70±17.90%、90.10±3.90%。结论本文所建方法同时适用于尿液与血液中海洛因主要代谢物M3G、吗啡、O6-单乙酰吗啡的提取、净化、分析。     

中国人D7S21基因应5′端侧翼DNA多态性

分析D7S21基因座5’端侧翼DNA3个基因座多态性（－4A／G、－109C／T和一22lG／C）和单倍体分型。用PCR和扩增产物限制性内切酶酶解的方法检测了100名中国人无关个体的多态性,获得了6个不同等位基因的频率,即-4A＝0．29,－4G＝0．71,－109C＝0．54,－109T＝0．46,－221G＝0．74,－221C＝0．26。结果表明,D7SZI基因座5’端侧翼DNA3个基因座的DP值达0．944,在法医学个体识别中具有很高的个体识别能力。     

Temporal variation of oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) in drinking water: implications for specifying location of origin with human scalp hair

Previous work suggests that δ(18)O values of human hair can be used to constrain the region-of-origin of unknown individuals, but robust assessments of uncertainties in this method are lacking. Here we assess one source of uncertainty - temporal variation in the δ(18)O value of drinking water - using a monthly tap water survey of δ(18)O to develop geospatial models (i.e., maps) of the intra-annual variation (seasonality) in tap water δ(18)O for the contiguous USA. Temporal variation in tap water δ(18)O was correlated with water-supply type, and was related to geographic patterns of precipitation δ(18)O seasonality and water residence time. The maps were applied in a Bayesian framework to identify the geographic origin of an unidentified woman found in Utah, based on measured δ(18)O of scalp hair. The results are robust in specifying parts of the western USA as the most likely region-of-origin. Incorporation of tap water δ(18)O seasonality in the analysis reduces the precision of geographic assignments, but other sources of uncertainty (e.g., spatial interpolation uncertainty) have an equal or larger effect.     

固体进样杆-GC/MS-SIM技术检验头发中6-单乙酰吗啡

目的建立固体进样杆-GC/MS-SIM技术,检测人头发中毒品海洛因的主要代谢产物6-单乙酰吗啡的方法。方法样品头发洗净剪碎后,经MSTFA衍生化,采用GC/MS-SIM定性定量分析。结果 6-单乙酰吗啡在浓度0.1ng/mg～18.0ng/mg范围内线性相关系数为0.9972,方法检出限为0.1ng/mg。结论本方法头发使用量小,准确度、精密度良好、灵敏度高,是高效、快速、实用的测定头发中6-单乙酰吗啡的方法。     

MOAS在住院精神障碍患者暴力风险评估中的应用

目的探索修订版外显攻击行为量表(Modified Overt Aggression Scale,MOAS)用于预测精神障碍住院患者发生严重攻击行为的价值,为住院精神障碍患者的暴力风险评估提供理论依据。方法由经过培训的医务人员对某精神卫生专科机构2009年9月在院的918例住院患者采用MOAS进行评估,并随访2年内是否发生严重攻击行为。通过SPSS 21.0分析采用MOAS评估预测精神障碍患者发生严重攻击行为的价值。结果 (1)与未发生严重攻击行为者相比,2年内发生严重攻击行为者,其MOAS评分中言语攻击、财物攻击、身体攻击和加权总分存在差异(P0.05);(2)MOAS中的言语攻击评分,与2年内精神障碍患者的严重攻击行为相关(P0.05);(3)通过MOAS各项评分预测2年内精神障碍患者是否出现严重攻击行为时,言语攻击、体力攻击及加权总分三项评分存在一定的价值(P0.05)。结论 MOAS评分用于预测住院的精神障碍患者2年内发生的严重攻击行为时,存在一定的价值。     

Interim recommendations for deferral of donors at increased risk for HIV-1 Group O infection; guidance document; availability--FDA. Notice

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of a guidance document entitled "Interim Recommendations for Deferral of Donors at Increased Risk for HIV-1 Group O Infection," dated December 11, 1996. The guidance document, which discusses the appearance in 1996 of two cases of HIV-1 Group O infection in the United States, is intended to provide interim measures to reduce the risk of HIV-1 Group O transmission by blood and blood products pending the licensure of test kits specifically labeled for detection of antibodies to HIV-1 Group O viruses. The guidance document recommends adding three questions to screening questionnaires used to exclude donors at high risk of HIV-1 infection.     

Congenital tetragametic blood chimerism explains a case of questionable paternity

Human chimerism is the presence of ≥ 2 cell populations in one person that contain genetic material from more than one zygote. Chimerism may be either acquired by transfusion or transplantation of donor cells, or congenital arising from embryo fusion or dizygotic twin-twin transfusion. We encountered a 4-year-old boy with developmental hip dysplasia whose preoperative (serologic) blood group was AB, but whose red cell agglutination was atypical ("mixed field") and caused us to study the patient's parents' ABO blood groups. Parental blood groups (AB and O) suggested possible nonparentage. An alternative explanation of the findings was that the child was chimeric or mosaic. Molecular cloning and genotyping of his ABO locus in leukocytes revealed two heterozygous genotypes: A102/O01 and B101/O01. Other loci, each of which possessed three distinct alleles, unambiguously showed transmission of two alleles from either the child's mother (e.g., HLA-A) or two alleles from the child's father (e.g., D8S1179). Findings indicate that the child is a tetragametic chimera.     

检测青霉素过敏性休克机体血中IgE类抗体

采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法,检测青霉素过敏性休克豚鼠体内的IgE类抗体。结果显示:休克组血清中总IgE的量明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。用青霉噻唑蛋白(Penicilloylated Protein)作包被抗原,检测特异性IgE,以阴性参考血清的平均光密度加3个标准差作为阳性判断标准,发现过敏性休克动物血清中特异性IgE均呈阳性反应。本研究还发现:休克组动物在休克前、后特异性IgE间的差异具有高度显著性(P<0.01),虽然休克后特异性IgE略下降,但仍明显高于阳性标准。本研究认为:IgE量的变化与发生过敏性休克的关系应是:体内IgE升高并不必然导致过敏性休克,但过敏性休克的发生甚至导致死亡,应是IgE,特别是特异性IgE出现和升高的结果。     

The mechanism of experimental adipocere formation: hydration and dehydrogenation in microbial synthesis of hydroxy and oxo fatty acids

The enzyme preparations from Flavobacterium meningosepticum solubilized by sonication catalyzed not only hydration of oleic acid to produce 10-hydroxystearic acid but dehydrogenation of this product. The mechanism of the hydration and dehydrogenation was proved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of 10-hydroxy and 10-oxostearic acids produced in the presence of D2O or H2(18)O. The activity of these enzymes was increased by preincubating Flavobacterium meningosepticum with oleic acid.