Surrogacy: an Illinois policy conceived

It is predictable that the precipitous decline in the number of available children for adoption will find many Illinois couples pursuing the surrogate route, as has happened in other states. The current uncertain status of Illinois law regarding surrogate contracts demands legislative focus and direction. To prevent protracted litigation as in other jurisdictions and to prevent injustices to those involved in the surrogate argument, "what we do, let us do quickly."     

我国代孕生殖立法研究——以英国代孕生殖立法为视角

代孕生殖技术改变了传统生命孕育方式,是不孕症患者实现生育权的唯一途径,为不孕症患者夫妻提供了拥有自己遗传基因孩子的可能.非商业性的限于合法婚姻关系的妊娠型代孕不违反公序良俗原则.对代理孕母年龄、身体及生育经历设限,有利于确保代孕生子的安全性及代理孕母的身体健康,避免因代孕使代理孕母丧失生育权.应当严格监管代孕生殖技术的临床应用,并通过立法规范代孕生殖技术在我国的临床应用.     

代孕行为的犯罪化研究

代孕行为的犯罪性问题是近几年讨论的热点问题之一。本文以我国当前代孕行为日益严重的现状为切入点,考虑到我国当前的法律规定现状,在借鉴了国外相关立法的基础上,对非法代孕行为犯罪化予以必要性与可行性的分析,并提出了犯罪化后具体的刑法运作思路。     

论代孕的法律规制

代孕是目前解决妻子不孕不育问题的一项人工生殖技术。本文认为,在我国代孕合法化有其现实基础和法理依据。在肯定代孕合法化的同时,应当在代孕类型、代孕委托人、代孕母以及代孕合同等方面对代孕进行相应的法律规制,以避免代孕合法化带来的社会弊端。     

代孕的行政规制模式研究

代孕行政规制模式的选择,直接影响甚至决定着代孕规制的效果。目前,世界范围内主要有完全禁止型、有限开放型和非统一规制型三种代孕行政规制模式。我国现行行政规章对代孕所采取的完全禁止模式,并不违背行政规制的基本原则,相反,它是一种更尊重人性的且完全符合我国国情的合理的行政规制模式。然而,出于更有效规制代孕之需要,我国现行代孕规制在制度设计上还需要进一步完善。     

Surrogacy litigation in China and beyond

Chinese law neither generally prohibits nor expressly permits surrogacy. As there has been a massive underground surrogacy market in the country, surrogacy lawsuits have occurred from time to time. Chinese courts are called to decide a number of disputed issues regarding validity of surrogacy contract, parenthood of the surrogate child, and sole care and control of the surrogate child. This article examines the judicial solutions to these disputes through a case study, and analyses whether Chinese courts have adopted appropriate approaches in applying the existing law to surrogacy lawsuits. The article further discusses the inadequacies of Chinese law in solving surrogacy disputes and regulating surrogacy, and recommends a set of suggestions for improvement so that Chinese law may better adapt to the social demand of surrogacy.     

Ethics, Law, and Commercial Surrogacy: A Call for Uniformity

In the United States at this time, no uniform federal law exists regarding commercial surrogacy, and state statutory schemes vary vastly, ranging from criminalization to legal recognition with contract enforcement. The authors examine how commercial surrogacy agencies utilize the Internet as a means for attracting parents and surrogates by employing emotional cultural rhetoric. By inducing both parents and surrogates to their jurisdiction, agencies circumvent vast discrepancies in state statutory regulative schemes and create a distinct interstate business, absent an efficient regulatory framework or legal recourse in some circumstances. The authors propose a uniform federal regulatory scheme premised upon regulating interstate business transactions to create accountability and legal remedies for both the parents and the surrogate.     

代孕生育合理控制与使用的法律规制

代孕生育的出现反映了传统伦理与科技发展之间的冲突,并给我国的法律体系带来冲击.为了保障不孕夫妻的生育权,防止代孕生育技术的滥用,国家应当充分认识代孕生育的积极和消极作用,扬长避短,建立有效的机制适度开放代孕生育,对代孕母及委托夫妻的主体资格、代孕子女的法律地位、代孕契约的法律规制等问题作出明确规定,以实现代孕生育的有效控制和合理使用.     

中国代孕规制的模式选择

代孕是一个法律、伦理上的共同难题,国外存在着私法自治型、政府管制型、完全禁止型三种规制模式。中国政府采取了完全禁止的规制模式,却未能取得、也很难取得预期的效果。代孕是实现生育权的一种方式,却可能与代孕者、小孩的人格尊严和公序良俗相抵触。国家对代孕的规制,应该本着基本权利的基本原理,考量社会的接纳程度,在生育权、人格尊严与公序良俗之间作出适当的权衡,从而抛弃完全禁止的规制模式,履行其对多种基本权利的保护义务。