苏格兰人与威士忌酒

苏格兰人与英格兰人虽然同属于联合王国,但是这两个民族的差异实在是太大了.一是语言的差异,苏格兰人讲的是苏格兰语(Scottish English),拼法和读音与英格兰人讲的标准英语完全不同.二是性格的差异,苏格兰人性格豪爽而开朗,讲话富有幽默感,喜欢开怀大笑.而英格兰人则沉默寡言,与陌生人很少有言谈,正像俗话所说:"英格兰人的家就是他的堡垒".     

The Gospel and Globalization

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.” To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.     

芬兰人与"桑拿"

芬兰是个"桑拿"的国度,几乎所有的芬兰人都是发烧级别的"桑拿"爱好者.芬兰总人口约为510万,而遍布城乡大大小小的"桑拿"房竟达170万个之多,平均每三个人就拥有一个.除了公共和私人家中的"桑拿"房之外,大的公司和机构都配备了员工"桑拿"房,就连总统办公室也设置了专用"桑拿"房.     

The Mexican State and democracy: The ambiguities of corporatism

The Author thanks Arnaldo Córdova, Guillermo O'Donnell, Ray Morrow, Arturo Sáenz Ferral, Daniel Schugurensky and Arthur Vidich for their valuable comments to previous versions of this article.     

The British police and terrorism

Abstract

The police response to terrorism in England, Wales, and Scotland is considered with special emphasis on the necessity for good police‐public relations in a democratic state. Legal and organizational developments related to preventing terrorism are evaluated by reference to the traditional view of the police and the police functions in Britain. The idea of a “third force” and the role of the Army in support of the police are also considered. The conclusions lay stress on the complexities of countering terrorism in a democracy.     

The state and economic development

In this article it is argued that one must distinguish between the arbitrary, short-run power of the state and the long-run, infrastructural power of the state. Game theory concepts are used to illustrate these ideas and successful development is linked to the infrastructural power of the state. The evolution of the latter is related to culture/ideology and this is given operational meeting within the context of simple game theory. The historical experience of Japan is utilized to illustrate these ideas. Dr. Richard Grabowski is a professor of economics at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale. His research interests include the role of the developmental state in economic development. His work has appeared inWorld Development, Journal of Developing Areas, Economic Development and Cultural Change.     

恩格斯与第二国际

马克思、恩格斯认为,工人阶级的解放斗争主要以本国为舞台.第一国际解散后,恩格斯不主张建立新的工人阶级国际组织,认为这种组织不利于工人运动的发展.史学界关于恩格斯创建了第二国际的说法是没有根据的.恩格斯对于无产阶级国际组织的态度,对我们认识当代工人阶级政党的党际关系仍具有现实意义.     

The Prefect and State Reform

The article intends to explain why although tremendous changes have occurred in the structure of government – especially the laws organizing decentralization since 1982 – the institution of the Prefect is still alive in the year 2000. Created in 1800, the institution of the Prefect derives from the will of the central authority to rely on its own representatives to ensure that public policies will be equally implemented over the whole territory. This objective remains but it has to be combined with the objectives of decentralization which are to transfer a number of responsibilities to elected bodies. Consequently, the task of the Prefect is to co-ordinate locally the action of the representatives of the ministers with the action of the elected body. To study the conditions under which the institution carries out this task the article focuses primarily on the limited capacity of the Prefect to mobilize the relevant actors. The second point concerns the difficulty of bringing together the information produced by field services. The third point considers the valuation of proximity and its impact on the action of the Prefect. The article concludes that the function of the Prefect is still the framing of local action but within the new context this can be done more often through the diffusion of information and less often through authority.