Private Land Mobile Radio Services; amendment of the commission's rules concerning mobile station, control point and control system authorization procedures for common user systems for a certain MHz frequency--Federal Communications Commission. Final rule

The Commission is amending its rules and regulations in Part 90--Private Land Mobile Radio Service, by adopting a new temporary licensing procedure for special mobile radio systems (SMRS's) and multiple licensed mobile relay stations operating in the 806-821 and the 851-866 megahertz (MHz) bands. This new system of licensing will benefit radio users by enabling them to begin operations more quickly than in the past, and will not in any way lessen the ability of the Commission to determine whether an applicant is eligible and otherwise possesses the necessary qualifications to be permanently licensed to operate in these bands. This new system is a part of the Commission's on-going program for reviewing its rules and regulations and eliminating unnecessary burdens on licensees to facilitate the administration of the Private Land Mobile Radio Service.     

Allocation of spectrum in a certain MHz band and to establish other rules, policies, and procedures for one-way paging stations in the Domestic Public Land Mobile Radio Service--Federal Communications Commission. Final rule

This First Report and Order allocates 3 MHz of spectrum for paging services in the 929-932 MHz band. Private paging services will use frequency band 929-930 MHz, common carrier services will use frequency band 931-932 MHz, with a flexible boundary between the two bands effective after five years. The 930-931 MHz band will be reserved for advanced technology paging systems. This allocation was made in response to petitions filed by the Ad Hoc Private Paging Committee and Telocator Network of America. These new paging frequencies will allow for substantial growth of the paging industry, which has been restricted by a shortage of frequencies.     

Private Land Mobile Radio Services--Federal Communications Commission. Final rule

The Commission adopts a Second Report and Order releasing reserved radio spectrum in the 806-821/851-866 MHz bands for Private Land Mobile Radio Service use. The rules adopted provide enhanced flexibility in radio system design and user options. The action is necessary to satisfy land mobile spectrum needs across the country.     

Establishment of a Medical Implant Communications Service in the 402-405 MHz band. Federal Communications Commission. Final rule

This document establishes a Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) operating in the 402-405 MHz band. MICS operations will consist of high-speed, ultra-low power, non-voice transmissions to and from implanted medical devices such as cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators. The rules will allow use of newly-developed, life-saving medical technology without harming other users of the frequency band.     

Regulatory policies and procedures for the Domestic Public Land Mobile Radio Service--Federal Communications Commission. Second report and order

This Order eliminates the requirement that applicants in the Domestic Public Land Mobile Radio Service requesting one initial two-way frequency demonstrate a public need for the proposed service. This action will serve the public interest by making frequencies available for use by the public in a more timely manner, by reducing the costs associated with filing applications and by relieving the staff of an unnecessary processing burden. This action is necessary to speed service to the public and to reduce staff resources necessary to process applications.     

Licensing of low-power medical devices in the 450-470 MHz band--FCC. Final rule

The Commission has decided that hospitals and healthcare institutions will no longer be required to separately license low-power medical devices operating on the offset frequencies in the 450-470 MHz band. Instead, they will be permitted to operate such devices under the authority of other licensed radio facilities. This action will reduce the cost and burden associated with the licensing of these devices.     

Medical Area Body Network. Final rule

This document expands the Commission's Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) rules to permit the development of new Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) devices in the 2360-2400 MHz band. The MBAN technology will provide a flexible platform for the wireless networking of multiple body transmitters used for the purpose of measuring and recording physiological parameters and other patient information or for performing diagnostic or therapeutic functions, primarily in health care facilities. This platform will enhance patient safety, care and comfort by reducing the need to physically connect sensors to essential monitoring equipment by cables and wires. This decision is the latest in a series of actions to expand the spectrum available for wireless medical use. The Commission finds that the risk of increased interference is minimal and is greatly outweighed by the benefits of the MBAN rules.     

The development of technical and spectrum requirements for meeting federal, state and local public safety agency communication requirements through the year 2010, establishment of rules and requirements for priority access service--FCC. Final rule

The Federal Communications Commission (Commission) adopted a First Report and Order ("First Report") contemporaneously with a Third Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that is summarized elsewhere in this edition of the Federal Register. In the First Report, the Commission amends its rules relating to public safety communications in the 764-806 MHz band ("700 MHz band") that the Commission previously reallocated for public safety services and in general. This action commences the process of assigning licenses for frequencies in the 700 MHz band and addresses an urgent need for additional public safety radio spectrum and the need for nationwide interoperability among local, state, and federal entities. By this action, the Commission also takes additional steps toward achieving its goals of developing a flexible regulatory framework to meet vital current and future public safety communications needs and ensuring that sufficient spectrum to accommodate efficient, effective telecommunications facilities and services will be available to satisfy public safety communications needs into the 21st century.     

Public Health Service--Grants for traineeships in health administration, hospital administration, or health policy analysis and planning at public or nonprofit private educational institutions other than schools of public health. Final rule

This rule sets forth requirements for programs for Grants for Traineeships in Health Administration, Hospital Administration, or Health Policy Analysis and Planning at Public or Nonprofit Private Educational Institutions Other Than Schools of Public Health under Section 749 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C 294s).     

Tories in the Killing Fields? The Fate of Private Members' Bills in the 1997 Parliament

This article examines the Private Members' Bill process in the 1997-2001 Parliament when two Conservative MPs, Eric Forth and David Maclean, significantly affected Private Members' legislation. The article reaches a number of conclusions on the basis of a detailed study of the fate of all Private Members' Bills in the Parliament. First, few Bills introduced under the Private Members' procedure succeed because the procedure makes it so easy to oppose Bills. Second, most Private Members' Bills that succeed are minor and technical and often government 'handout Bills'. Third, it is very unlikely that any controversial legislation will succeed under the present procedure given recent governments' attitudes to the granting of extra time. Fourth, in studying opposition to Private Members' Bills one should not focus just on filibustering, as previous studies have tended to do, rather, the 'object' procedure is also crucial in preventing the passage of Bills. Fifth, the Government is the key actor in the process; it is particularly active in using the 'object' procedure. Sixth, the two Conservative MPs did play an increasingly important role in preventing the passage of Private Members' legislation during the 1997-2001 Parliament. Seventh, the success rate of Private Members' Bills is only likely to increase if either the procedural and structural constraints are lifted or the agents involved stop manipulating the procedure to their own ends. Neither of these changes is likely to happen. Government is unlikely to change the procedure because it does not want to cede any control of the legislative process. At the same time, there will always be backbench MPs who use the procedure to oppose, although given their elevation to the Conservative frontbench, Forth and Maclean will not be involved in the near future.     

The development of technical and spectrum requirements for meeting federal, state and local public safety agency communication requirements through the year 2010, establishment of rules and requirements for priority access service--FCC. Proposed rule

The federal Communications Commission (Commission) adopted a Third Notice of Proposed Rule Making ("Third Notice") contemporaneously with a First Report and Order ("First Report") that is summarized elsewhere in this edition of the Federal Register. By its Third Notice, the Commission makes a range of proposals and seeks comment relating to public safety communications in the 746-806 MHz band ("700 MHz band") and in general. The Commission invites comment on how to license the 8.8 megahertz of 700 MHz band spectrum designated as reserved in the First Report and on whether to directly license each state or use a regional planning process to administer the nationwide interoperability frequencies (2.6 MHz of spectrum designated in the First Report) pursuant to the national interoperability plan to be established by the National Coordination Committee. The Third Notice also discusses protection requirements for the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and offers proposals to facilitate use of nationwide interoperability in public safety bands below 512 MHz. Finally, because many of the automated and intelligent machines and systems on which public safety entities depend for their operations were not designed to take into account the date change that will occur on January 1, 2000, the Commission also seeks comment on how best to ascertain the extent, reach, and effectiveness of Year 2000 compliance initiatives that have been or are being undertaken by public safety entities, to better understand the nature of the Year 2000 problem and the potential risks posed to public safety communications networks. This action addresses an urgent need for additional public safety radio spectrum and the need for nationwide interoperability among local, state, and federal entities. By this action, the Commission also takes additional steps toward achieving its goals of developing a flexible regulatory framework to meet vital current and future public safety communications needs and ensuring that sufficient spectrum to accommodate efficient, effective telecommunications facilities and services will be available to satisfy public safety communications needs into the 21st century.     

Controlled GPR grave research: comparison of reflection profiles between 500 and 250 MHz antennae

Since ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has become a popular search option for clandestine graves, controlled research is essential to determine the numerous variables that affect grave detection. The purpose of this study was to compare GPR reflection profiles of a controlled grave containing a large pig carcass and a blank control grave at 6 months interment in a Spodosol, which is a common soil type in Florida. Data collection was performed in perpendicular orientations over the graves using both 500 and 250 MHz antennae. Since reflection profiles are used to make initial in-field assessments during a forensic search, it is important for controlled research to evaluate this imagery option. Overall, it was possible to detect the grave containing a pig carcass at 6 months interment that was buried in a Spodosol using both the 500 and the 250 MHz antennae. While the 500 MHz antenna provided more detail within the grave containing a pig carcass, including detecting a soil disturbance and the pig carcass, the 250 MHz antenna also provided excellent imagery. Either antenna would provide optimal results for the type of soil that was sampled. Furthermore, it may be possible to locate actual forensic graves in this soil type when no response from the body is noted, as there may be a discernable response from the disturbed soil within the grave shaft and a noticeable disruption of the spodic horizon. Finally, survey orientation may also affect detection. Since data collection performed in two perpendicular directions detected the pig carcass and the grave floor of the control grave, data collection for an actual search involving a body interred for a long postmortem interval should be performed in both directions when time permits.     

李浩培与百年中国国际私法学

19世纪30-40年代,李浩培在国内外法学名校研习国际私法,后在国内从事国际私法教学研究工作,其早期的论著反映出,一批国际法学人吸收国外国际私法学的新近发展,并结合中国的实践思考中国的国际私法理论问题,中国国际私法学正初步形成。建国后,国际私法学在中国发展基本停滞,李浩培在艰难的情况下坚持国际私法研究,并致力于翻译工作。文革后,李浩培出版一批重要论著,推动了中国国际私法学重建,获得国际学术声誉,同时留下了学术遗憾。     

Interconnection of private land mobile radio systems with the public switched telephone network in certain MHz bands--Federal Communications Commission. Final rule

This document adopts new rules to enable private radio communication systems licensed under Part 90 in the 800 MHz bands to interconnect with the facilities of the public switched telephone network. These rules are necessary to enable private licensees to better utilize their radio systems by allowing interconnected operation under certain conditions. An accompanying petition for rulemaking is dismissed as moot.     

现代大陆法系国际私法学人与学说管窥

大陆法系国际私法的理论学说经过无数学者的努力构建与发展,初步奠定了基本模式。自20世纪以来,大陆法系国际私法学说林立,呈现出百家争鸣、百花齐放的繁荣景象。对荷兰、德国、法国、意大利、日本、希腊等大陆法系国际私法学人与学说的检视和点评,不仅在国际私法理论研究方面有巨大的学术意义,而且在国际私法实务运作方面也极具实践价值。     

Comparing the Scoring of Human Decomposition from Digital Images to Scoring Using On‐site Observations

When in forensic casework or empirical research in‐person assessment of human decomposition is not possible, the sensible substitution is color photographic images. To date, no research has confirmed the utility of color photographic images as a proxy for in situ observation of the level of decomposition. Sixteen observers scored photographs of 13 human cadavers in varying decomposition stages (PMI 2–186 days) using the Total Body Score system (total n = 929 observations). The on‐site TBS was compared with recorded observations from digital color images using a paired samples t‐test. The average difference between on‐site and photographic observations was ?0.20 (t = ?1.679, df = 928, p = 0.094). Individually, only two observers, both students with <1 year of experience, demonstrated TBS statistically significantly different than the on‐site value, suggesting that with experience, observations of human decomposition based on digital images can be substituted for assessments based on observation of the corpse in situ , when necessary.     

中国国际私法立法问题论略

中国国际私法立法问题涉及相互关联的四个向度.在立法理念层面,我国围际私法立法应采公平优先、兼顾效率的方略.在立法技术层面.应当注意国际私法立法的逻辑周延性和体系的系统性.在立法形式层面,宜采用管辖权、法律选择和司法协助三大内容的综合性法典形式.在立法内容层面.则须响应当代涉外民事交往的复杂化、专业化、网络化和契约化等发展趋势,从而在内容构造和设定上反映出本时代的精神.     

Rural health care support mechanism. Final rule; denial of petition for reconsideration

In this document, the Commission modifies its rules to improve the effectiveness of the rural health care support mechanism, which provides discounts to rural health care providers to access modern telecommunications for medical and health maintenance purposes. Because participation in the rural health care support mechanism has not met the Commission's initial projections, the Commission amends its rules to improve the program, increase participation by rural health care providers, and ensure that the benefits of the program continue to be distributed in a fair and equitable manner. In addition, the Commission denies Mobile Satellite Ventures Subsidiary's petition for reconsideration of the 1997 Universal Service Order.     

Assessing the Application of the Principles of Non-discrimination and Gender Equality in Relation to Devolution of Land upon Death in Nigeria

Liverpool Law Review - The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended), guarantees the right to freedom from discrimination. Similarly, the Land Use Act 2004, which is the...     

Determination of zimarin in urine

Private technique of extraction isolation and purification, chromatographic detection and photometric determination of zimarin in urine is suggested. Detection limit is 0.01 mg, determination limit is 0.1 mg of glycoside in 100 ml of urine. Method makes it possible to detect 66-80% of zimarin added to 100 ml of urine in quantities 0.5-0.1 mg.