Redrawing the Boundaries of Self-Defence

Suzanne Uniacke, Permissible Killing: The Self-Defence Justification for Homicide , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, ix + 244 pp, hb £35.00.     

论环境民事诉讼的地域管辖

环境民事诉讼涉及公共利益,其审理结果不能仅满足当事人的公正性要求,还应当满足社会的公正性要求,这要求环境民事诉讼实行专属管辖。虽然按照现行《民事诉讼法》,环境民事诉讼并不属于专属管辖的案件,但实质上已在实行专属管辖。在修改《民事诉讼法》时,应当对环境民事诉讼的地域管辖作出合理规定。     

Living on the Boundaries in America

Abstract

In this article I examine marginalized youths' ideas about the United States, the law, and police. My interpretive analysis is based upon in-depth, unstructured interviews with juvenile parolees living in poverty in a large southwestern city. In general, these parolees could be described as uneducated, unemployed, non-white, youth gang members. Through an examination of the youths' narratives and stories about America and its legal authorities, I attempt to illustrate how their ideas can be understood as evolving from their structurally based interactions. I present the general themes of the marginalized youths' legal and political consciousness and attempt to show how this consciousness flows from their hostile interactions with legal and conventional authorities. Ultimately, I suggest that the contrast between the youths' social justice ideals and the reality of their lives on the margins influences how they think about America, law, and the police.     

论服务器标准的局限

在我国信息网络传播权的侵权判定中,服务器标准虽然基本是司法实践的"主流",但它却未必始终符合国际条约和我国著作权法的规定。从发展的角度看,服务器标准只是对应着早期互联网的一种侵权界定标准,已不能涵盖所有的技术可能性或作品提供行为。在当前互联网技术环境下,把作品等客体提供于开放的服务器只是构成向公众提供作品行为的充分条件,而非必要条件,更非充分必要条件。固守服务器标准可能导致信息网络传播权法律适用背离技术中立原则,偏离立法目标,产生法律适用困境。司法裁判者应抛弃服务器标准,采用符合法律规定和更为合理的侵权界定标准。     

有限遏制:一般预防的局限

重刑威吓论与古典功利论对刑罚一般预防作用的夸大与迷信导致了一般预防论曾一度遭到挑战与否定.当代一般预防论者在肯定刑罚具有一般预防功能的同时也承认其局限性.他们普遍认为,一般预防的局限性表现在多方面.本文介述了被当代一般预防论者所公认的一般预防的局限性的5个主要方面.     

The Place of International Human Rights Law in the Territorial Non-State Entities the case of Taiwan and Territorial Non-State Entities from the Post-Soviet Space

Liverpool Law Review - The paper seeks to examine whether and on what basis the international human rights law applies to the territorial non-state entities, having as an example the cases of the...     

国土规划制度的一个跨国比较

以我国现有的国土规划体系和正在进行中的全国主体功能区规划为背景,系统比较国际上两种重要的规划模式:美国模式和德国模式。这两种规划模式有着截然不同的目标、体制和手段,并导致了国土开发的不同结果,但是都较好地坚持了民主、科学与法治原则的有效统一。同时依据本国特点,实现了个人利益与社会利益不同取向的平衡。我国有必要借鉴两种不同规划模式的经验,建立一个充分体现了科学、民主与法治原则的国土规划制度。     

论法律的局限

法律有其局限,但是要对其作出恰当的描述和合理的解释并非易事。法律首先具有手段或工具上的局限。在许多方面,立法者试图所做的可能达不到预期的结果。究其原因,是因为法律还存在着其他一些更深层次的局限性,诸如法律在起源上受到传统的风俗习惯、宗教伦理和民族精神等的影响,这些民族文化的因素在早期常常是法律的重要来源。此外,由于人类智识和理性相对于复杂多变的现实世界(客观事实)所表现出来的有限性或缺陷,法律规范本身在内容和形式上也存在局限性,例如内容上的主观价值判断或利益倾向,语言表达上的概括、抽象、模糊性和不确定性等。更重要的是,法律还受到原则上的限制,其中最著名的论述莫过于约翰.斯图亚特.密尔(JohnStuartMill)的"伤害原则"。本文作者认为,就法律的局限问题作出思考并不是要否定法律和立法在法治建设中的重要的位和积极作用,而是为了在这一过程中更好地运用法律这一人类理性的伟大发明服务于人类最良善的事业。     

论地域管辖中“犯罪地”的解释问题

刑事诉讼法的规范依赖干法解释技术而生效,因此对刑事诉讼法之中的诸多概念、术语作出合理的解释和阐释,方能构建刑事程序法治化的微观基础。站在刑事诉讼法解释学的立场上,我国《刑事诉讼法》第24条规定的"犯罪地"管辖原则,其中所谓"犯罪地"一词,应当解释为包括"犯罪结果地"、"犯罪预备地",而不应包括"被害人所在地"、"销赃地"以及"犯罪嫌疑人被抓获地"。在毒品犯罪、网络犯罪、手机短信诈骗犯罪等特殊类型案件的中,对"犯罪地"一词,可允许作适当的扩张解释。     

论跨地区水生态补偿的法制协调机制——以新安江流域生态补偿为中心的思考

跨地区水生态补偿,以受益者负担为原则,是流域下游水生态受益地区向流域上游水生态保护建设地区实施补偿的一种活动。它旨在通过利益驱动机制、激励机制和协调机制,协调地区之间的生态保护和利益冲突,最终实现保护生态的共同目的。作为跨域治理的具体形态,跨地区水生态补偿主要有支配性治理和区域合作治理两种模式。在实践中,基于执行落差和实施范围的限制,支配性治理模式并不高效;由于利益的高度分化,区域合作治理模式同样面临诸多现实困难。新安江流域生态补偿机制融合了区域合作的自愿要素和来自中央政府的执行强制要素,展示了一种新的有效的跨地区水生态补偿法制协调机制。     

Penal Boundaries: Banishment and the Expansion of Punishment

We use this article to argue for greater recognition of legally imposed spatial exclusion—banishment—as a (re)emerging and consequential social control practice. Although the new social control techniques that entail banishment are buttressed by a blend of civil, administrative, and criminal law, they are best understood as punitive in nature. This argument is supported by two empirical findings. First, interviews with the banished indicate that spatial exclusion often has significant negative consequences akin to those identified by Sykes (1958 ) in his seminal account of the pains of imprisonment. Second, court data show that the growing use of civil and administrative banishment has increased the number of criminal cases involving allegations of noncompliance. These findings suggest that analysts of punishment might usefully broaden their focus to include phenomena that combine civil, criminal, and legal authority, and are not defined as punishment by their advocates.     

De/limiting Emptiness and the Boundaries of the Ineffable

Emptiness (śūnyatā) is one of the most important topics in Buddhist thought and also is one of the most perplexing. Buddhists in Tibet have developed a sophisticated tradition of philosophical discourse on emptiness and ineffability. This paper discusses the meaning(s) of emptiness within three prominent traditions in Tibet: the Geluk (dge lugs), Jonang (jo nang), and Nyingma (rnying ma). I give a concise presentation of each tradition’s interpretation of emptiness and show how each interpretation represents a distinctive aspect of its meaning. Given that Buddhist traditions (1) accept an extra-linguistic reality and (2) maintain a strong tradition of suspicion of language with the belief that language both constructs and distorts reality, this paper responds to an issue that is not so much whether or not an inexpressible reality can be expressed, but rather how it is best articulated.     

Insurers, Claims and the Boundaries of Good Faith

This article examines the refusal of the English courts to award damages for consequential losses following unreasonable delay on the part of insurers in settling a claim. This has the potential to give rise to dire consequences for insureds. These difficulties have been addressed in North American jurisdictions where the concept of good faith has been developed and applied as a means of both compensating insureds and regulating the conduct of insurers. However, a hallmark of English law is that it fails to draw a bright line between the law of contract and the law of contracts. As a result, the policy issues that should inform insurance contracts are excluded by virtue of the notion, imported from the law of contract, that the contractual relationship is a matter of private law and is not, therefore, a means for public regulation of insurers.     

行政公益诉讼的范畴研究

行政公益诉讼近年来引起了我国理论界和法治实践的广泛关注,学者们从不同角度进行了探讨。然而,行政公益诉讼的诸多重大问题还是没有得到解决,尤其行政公益诉讼法律制度究竟应当容纳哪些案件、容纳哪些公益范畴,这一问题恰恰是行政公益诉讼中最为实质性的问题,它决定着行政公益诉讼的基本社会价值。正因如此,从行政公益诉讼范畴的确定标准、法律形式、类型等方面对该问题进行较为系统的分析十分必要。行政公益诉讼应当包括人身权益、财产权益、环境权益、发展权益诸范畴;这些范畴可通过行政诉讼法列举、公诉机关认定、审判机关判定、共同诉讼诉求、集团诉讼主张等法律形式予以规定和认可。     

Back to the Future

They thought this out very well, having in mind the television broadcast of the Constitutional Court session on TV Channel One. Ukraine has not seen anything like this before. The general public, as a rule, has been able to see only the final portion: a judge in his robes pronouncing a verdict—a decision that is not subject to appeal. Today everyone who wants to can become familiar with the work in the constitutional kitchen. Total access, as they say. Well, almost total, since the confidentiality of the meeting room is still preserved.     

A-Legality: Postnationalism and the Question of Legal Boundaries

This paper critically examines the prevailing assumption that legal boundaries are becoming irrelevant in postnationalism. While the boundaries of the nation-state are forfeiting some of their hold on human behaviour, postnational legal orders are simply not legal orders unless they can in some way draw the spatial, temporal, material and subjective boundaries that make it possible to qualify human behaviour as legal or illegal. This implies that reflexively constituted legal orders – whether national or postnational – must be presented as legal unities. To the extent that boundaries are the necessary condition of national and postnational legal orders, and therewith of legal unity, they also spawn the possibility of political plurality, manifested in behaviour that resists the very distinction between legality and illegality, as drawn by an order of positive law: a-legality. Rather than signalling the demise of legal boundaries, postnationalism ushers in a novel way of dealing therewith – and with a-legality.     

论保险代位求偿权行使的法律限制

保险代位求偿权是保险法中的一项专门制度,具有自身独特的地位、特征与功能,在保险实务中的行使很普遍.但保险代位求偿权在行使上有相应的限制.就保险代位求偿权在适用范围、第三人、时效等方面的行使限制情形作了探讨分析.