The Evolution of Entrepreneurs' Social Networks in China: patterns and significance

The issue of social networks is central to scholars' examinations of China's economic reform and its transitional society. This article presents an effort to examine the impact of the property rights reform on the evolution of entrepreneurs' social networks in the context of rural China. This study proposes three different patterns of social networks: in-group networks, official-centered networks, and market-oriented networks; and examines how the significance of different network patterns has evolved under the context of institutional change. By using data collected in Wuxi city, Jiangsu province, China, this article attempts to explore four significant questions. Do social networks still matter? How is the significance of different patterns of social networks changing? Why could this happen? In which fields do social networks still matter?     

On China's Reform and Opening-up and the Evolution of the Views of Human Rights

The dominant human rights views in a country or region is closely related to the economic and social development of that country or region and is closely related to human rights practices. Since the launch of reform and opening-up, the development of China's conception of human rights has gone through many stages. The changes of contemporary Chinese human rights conceptions have gone through the stages from the views of human rights to the theories of human rights, to the norms and practices of human rights, and human rights conceptions developed from avoidance to controversy, from passiveness to initiative, and from learning to construction, which reflects the continuous development of China's human rights cause. By analyzing the journal records through a search of the human rights and its related keywords, it is possible to chart the evolution and historical context of contemporary Chinese human rights theory.     

从国际人权公约谈赦免的法制化

根据国际人权公约的规定,任何被判处死刑的人有权请求赦免。我国目前的赦免未完全脱离传统的赦免,应建立现代赦免制度以实现其社会功能。因此,首先要修正我国人权宪政体制,其次制定赦免法,增设赦免种类,设立专门机构受理赦免案件。     

宅基地使用权取得制度研究

宅基地使用权的用益物权性质以及基本特征确定了物权功能的主导地位。但鉴于中国社会的现实情况，宅基地使用权的生存保障功能仍应存在。中国宅基地使用权取得规范的制度变迁呈现出逐渐与社会现实脱节的特点。宅基地使用权的初始取得主体包括一般主体和特殊主体，出让金的缴纳应当不同，行政审批应当坚持，权利救济程序应当完善。宅基地使用权的继受取得应当市场化，但还是应受到优先购买权、权利期限、权利登记等具体限制。     

The Environmental Human Rights under the Perspective of Basic Rights——An Analysis of the dilemma Facing the legalization of environmental Rights

Given the dilemma facing legalization on environmental rights, it is necessary to re-examine the nature and function of environmental human rights under the theoretical system of basic rights. Its justification approach follows a logical chain from a rights-based approach to basic rights. The difficulty in legalizing environmental rights reflects the disputes over the basis for environmental law. Reconstructing the right-based approach in environmental law can justify the rights-oriented path to the environmental rule of law. The basic rights system with human rights as the core can explain the constitutional environmental human rights. As the basic rights not enumerated in the Constitution, the environmental human rights have such functions as the right of self-defense, the right to benefit, and institutional, organizational and procedural guarantees due to its dual nature of subjective right and objective law.     

关于农民工社会保险制度的探索

我国一些地方为解决农民工社会保险问题,专门建立了外来务工人员社会保险制度,但实施困难、认同度低,而且还把城乡二元结构移植到城市,违背劳动力市场的发展趋势。本文认为与其重建一套制度,不如在改革城镇保险制度的基础上,分层、分类直接把农民工吸纳进入城镇保障体系,不但可以解决农民工社会保障,而且有利于城市化进程,有利于社会保障制度的健康发展。     

浅谈我国社会保障立法的完善

社会保障立法推动着我国社会保障的改革和制度创新。但社会保障立法远远落后于我国社会保障实践,难以适应不断发展的社会保障需要的现实是不容回避的。当前应加快社会保障立法的步伐,制定符合我国国情和社会保障制度改革急需的法律、法规,建立由社会保障实体法、社会保障基金法、社会保障组织法、社会保障程序法等组合而成的完备的社会保障法律体系。     

法治整合下的经济社会协调发展

本文探讨了依法治国与经济社会协调发展之间的关系,论述了依法治国的核心是制度建设,并对当前我国经济社会统筹协调发展中制度建设设置了基本框架,即主要从政府的职能转变机制,民间社团的构建,社会融资和财政体制的制度改革,以及经济社会发展的科学决策规划机制等方面进行构筑,最后,对特别的"三农"问题提出改革构想.     

人民主权：政治制度文明的本质体现

人民主权是人们一直追求着的社会政治文明的准则,体现了社会政治制度的本质。然而,实现真正意义上的人民主权,只有在社会主义制度建立以后,人民代表大会制度的确立,才在人类历史上第一次得到真正的体现。人民当家作主确立了人民是国家的主人,表明人民享有广泛的权利和自由,体现了社会主义政治文明。完善人民代表大会制度,是人民当家作主的可靠保证。     

西南边疆民族地区归侨社会保障问题探索——西南边疆民族地区归侨侨眷青年发展问题研究系列之三

由于特殊的管理体制以及国家社会保障体系的不完善等原因,西南边疆民族地区归侨的社会保障权利基本上游离在城市和农村之外,住房保障问题也突出。基于社会保障的价值和原则之考量,西南边疆民族地区归侨的社会保障需要在体制管理、属地管辖等方面加以改革,特别是要重视基本养老保险制度、基本医疗保险制度、最低生活保障申报审核制度的完善。同时,在住房保障制度方面作出制度调整。     

耦合权利义务说:婚内强奸立论的理论原点

笔者提出的“耦合权利义务说”认为,夫妻性权利义务关系是民事法律关系中合同关系的一种,虽然一方之权利即另一方之义务,丈夫行使性权利具有该当性,妻子履行性义务也具有该当性,但是,当义务主体拒绝履行义务时,权利主体并不当然取得采用违法甚至犯罪手段强制其履行义务之资格。当代中国从计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转型,正在推动着社会法思想由社会本位走向权利本位的转型。在我国目前市场经济体制逐步完善的背景下,社会结构已经开始从一元的政治国家向政治国家和市民社会二元分野的转型,个体权利意识逐渐深入人心,特别是在权利规范从社会本位走向权利本位之后,人权保障功能和提供社会公正功能将是任何一项法律制度所不可或缺的功能。这种理念反映在对婚内强奸问题的认识上,即是冲破婚姻关系对妇女性权利保护的羁绊,走出“只要夫妻正常婚姻关系存续,即足以阻却婚内强奸行为成立犯罪”的误区,实现“告诉乃论”为前提之婚内强奸犯罪化立论。     

Thoughts on the Protection of the Right to Health of Elderly Women from the Perspective of Human Rights

The right to health is an important right in the human rights system.The full realization of the right to health is particularly important for ensuring the dignity and senior years of older women.In the process of China's economic and social development,the protection of the right to health of older women faces certain dilemma.China has the duty and responsibility to respect,protect and realize the right to health of older women.The country should actively fulfill its obligations and make continuous efforts to improve the protection of the right to health of older women through various practical channels and effective methods.     

试论刑事诉讼被害人的人权保障

随着国际人权保障思想的发展 ,刑事被害人问题在国际范围内已从理论研究阶段进入立法实施阶段。我国刑事诉讼制度对刑事被害人这一特定的社会弱势群体的关怀显得十分苍白 ,因而应根据被害人人权保障的国际标准 ,结合我国刑事立法现状 ,构建我国刑事诉讼被害人人权保障机制。在刑事诉讼的具体制度设计中 ,建立起被害人利益、被告人利益、国家和社会利益相协调均衡共存的新诉讼理念和制度。     

论责任保险法律制度的社会管理功能

近年来,在医疗、社会保障、安全生产、生态环境等热点领域,群体性事件和恶性极端事件有增多的趋势,加强和创新社会管理已是当今社会最受关注的话题之一。今年初,胡锦涛总书记在中央党校省部级主要领导干部专题研讨班开班式上强调,应加强和创新社会管理,提高社会管理科学化水平,维护人民群众权益,促进社会公平正义,保持社会良好秩序。加强和创新社会管理不仅是当前我国各级领导干部需要认真研讨的重要课题,也是理论界深入研究的前沿性课题。责任保险不仅具有积极的社会管理功能,而且是一项重要的法律制度。因此,深入研究和探讨社会管理功能、不断完善我国责任保险法律制度,使其在安定社会秩序、促进社会文明进步方面发挥更积极的作用,具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。     

Protection of Women's Rights in the National Governance of Contemporary China

The development of women's rights is a specific field in modern national governance.The essence of women-related issues in modern times lies in the political and legal systems based on gender inequality and the unequal male-female relationship established by male chauvinism, which has further created domination over and prejudice against women.Since the founding of the New China, especially after the launch of reform and opening-up, the Communist party of China and the state have attached great importance to the protection of gender equality, bringing about the continued improvement of the protection of women's rights.However, due to various economic and social barriers, there is still a long way to go to achieve full gender equality.To understand the issue of women's rights from the perspective of national governance and apply the concept of modern national governance to the protection of women's rights, it is imperative to pay great attention to the substantive equality concept in the protection of women's right during the national governance process, take empowering women as an important approach, raise women's gender equality awareness, and recognize, grant, enhance and guarantee women's individual rights .     

农民工阶层人权保护研究

农民工作为一个新的社会阶层,其人权现状不容乐观。在农民工阶层存在着阶层歧视、低工资且无保障以及工伤、职业病高发和工作时间长、健康无保障等问题。农民工阶层的人权内容包括宪法层面的平等权、生存权、发展权、受教育权、迁徙自由权、政治权利和民法层面的健康权、财产权以及劳动法层面的工作权、社会保障权等。农民工阶层的人权必须得到政府、政策、司法和社会组织的保护。     

论我国警察使用武力的宪法规制

警察使用武力是一项重大而特殊的国家公共权力,影响公民生命权等基本权利,理应受到宪法的规制,但警察使用武力的宪法规制问题却被普遍忽视,极少得到关注和研究。警察使用武力的宪法规制是警察使用武力法律制度的顶层设计,具有制约警察武力使用权和保障公民生命权的双重作用。警察使用武力的核心内容应当作为宪法保留事项,由宪法加以规制。世界上多个国家的宪法对于执法人员使用武力作出了直接、明确的规定,对我国具有借鉴意义。我国宪法规制警察使用武力的理想模式是:宪法在确认公民生命权并规定保障生命权的同时,将警察使用武力作为保障公民生命权的一项例外情形,并且明确设定使用武力的原则和情形。     

交通事故社会救助基金制度建构中的问题和完善对策

道路交通事故社会救助基金是由国家设立的,用于抢救伤者而先行垫付的资金。我国《道路交通安全法》及《机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例》对其作出了规定和相关配套措施,但在实际落实过程中困难重重,最主要的是对其相关的立法不到位。救助基金的来源、管理、使用等环节缺乏系统完善的制度措施。因此,这项旨在以弥补交强险保险人赔偿不足,以保障受害人权益的制度一直未能得到真正实施。     

Protecting the Rights of Disabled Persons——From the Perspective of Protecting Their Right to Development with Affirmative Action as the Core

Establishing and protecting the right to development of disabled persons is not only the important part of Xi Jinping's thought on human rights, but also a reflection of Marxism's idea of human rights and a requirement of the rule of law in China. It is necessary to promote the protection of the right to development of disabled persons in terms of affirmative action. The Chinese government's affirmative action requires structural characteristics, including providing the institutional basis for the affirmative action by constructing legal and non-legal institutions, providing an environment conducive for the affirmative action by shaping a more aware social ecology and providing valid guarantees for affirmative action by increasing the responsibility of local governments.     

在人权保障视野下论无罪推定原则

在人权保障越来越受到人们重视的今天，刑事诉讼制度下的权利保障突出地体现在“无罪推定”原则上。“无罪推定”原则，以保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼中的合法权利为核心，以人权保障为理念，反映了现代司法观念的价值取向。本文试从人权保障视角出发，着重对无罪推定原则的人权保障价值、历史演变及其重大意义进行分析，并针对“无罪推定”在中国的发展情况提出笔者的几点思考建议。