《洗冤集录》与宋慈的法律学术思想

南宋理宗淳祐七年(1247年)宋慈(字惠夫，1186～1249年，福建建阳人)《洗冤集录》问世。从南宋到清末的600多年里，历代检验所涉及内容均在《洗冤集录》框架里增减，而《洗冤集录》地位不断提高，成为“格”和“式”的法律形式出现，并在国外广为流传，这是学术书籍绝无仅有的。现代法医学者把《洗冤集录》评价为世界最早的、公认的系统法医学著作，主要从技术角度加以研究，认为《洗冤集录》是中国古代法医学的代表作，为法医学科学技术发展做出贡献。作者认为，这种评价还是不够的，应该从《洗冤集录》书名含义、宋慈《洗冤集录》的法律思想和学术思想加以全面研究，这样才能反映该书的真正价值。     

《洗冤集录》与宋慈的法律学术思想

南宋理宗淳七年(12 47年)宋慈(字惠夫,1186～12 49年,福建建阳人)《洗冤集录》问世。从南宋到清末的60 0多年里,历代检验所涉及内容均在《洗冤集录》框架里增减,而《洗冤集录》地位不断提高,成为“格”和“式”的法律形式出现,并在国外广为流传,这是学术书籍绝无仅有的。现代法医学者把《洗冤集录》评价为世界最早的、公认的系统法医学著作,主要从技术角度加以研究,认为《洗冤集录》是中国古代法医学的代表作,为法医学科学技术发展做出贡献[1～6] 。作者认为,这种评价还是不够的,应该从《洗冤集录》书名含义、宋慈《洗冤集录》的法律思想…     

生命法定义论

生命法是生命法学的最基本概念。首当其冲 ,研究生命法学必须首先论述生命法之定义 ,否则 ,必将“盲人摸象”各言其是 ,使生命法学研究陷于混乱。　　 生命法概念的提出邓公平同志最早提出了“生命法”与“生命法学”这两个概念。在他主编的《医药卫生法学》一书【1】中 ,他写有“现代科学技术与生命立法”一章 ,其中第二节为“生命法的原则” ,第三节为“生命法的若干进展”。他指出 :“至今为止 ,有关生命科学的法律问题 ,人们总是把它纳入伦理的范畴。看来 ,这样的研究模式需要转变 ,因为它模糊了伦理与法律的界限 ,从而削弱了法律的权威…     

略论中国法制现代化的理论指导

囿于历史原因及其他诸多因素的影响,中国法制现代化在其过程中遭遇到一定困难,我们必须针对这些难点制定相应对策,这就涉及到以何种理论作为指导的问题;邓小平法制思想是建设我国社会主义法治国家的理论源泉,亦是我国法制现代化的理论基础,困此我们强调必须在其理论指导下,推动当代中国法制现代化的伟大实践。     

Imperial paradigms: First Amendment theory,legal interdisciplinarity and reductionism

Increasingly, legal scholars are bringing the theories and vocabularies of other disciplines to bear upon legal issues, including First Amendment theory. While legal interdisciplinarity has many advantages, it also raises questions when scholars attempt to “reduce” legal theory to the conceptual frameworks of other disciplines. This article examines two such attempts, one by a feminist legal scholar, the other by an advocate of the economic analysis of law. The article critiques these approaches and explores some possible limits of interdisciplinary First Amendment scholarship.     

Organized crime,money laundering and legal economy: theory and simulations

This paper proposes a dynamic model to simulate the relationships between the profits of organized crime, money laundering and legal investments. We develop a macro framework in which organized crime can increase its possibilities to invest in the legal sector by resorting to effective but costly money laundering schemes. The model explores the conditions under which the effectiveness of money laundering causes a positive trend in the legal assets owned by the criminal organizations. We use the model to simulate the total amount of legal wealth generated by organized crime through drug trafficking in different world regions, with particular attention to Europe.     

行政权“嫁接”的理论边界？——一种法理维度内的思考

本文通过对苏州“养狗问邻”文件的解读,提出了行政权“嫁接”理论。在随后的体系建构中,我从政治哲学、经济学等社科角度重述了政府作为公权力行使者产生的渊源以及合理性,并以此分析概括出行政权的特征及其在此基础上,我对行政权“嫁接”的现象、特点,以及它所演化的权利分配的状态从法理学角度进行了全面阐述。通过本文写作,企求能给政府为主导型的中国法治建设提供一种理论的范式。     

Thinking about gender and judging

Reviewing the work of three political scientists who studied women judges provides an opportunity for rethinking the concept of gender and how to do gender-based research. Scholarship on women judges sometimes veers toward an essentialist view of women and gender differences, despite empirical evidence to the contrary. A close reading of this early work reveals some essentialist missteps but also offers strong examples of research across many methodologies that should serve as exemplars for current research across disciplines. If we move beyond the question of whether women decide cases differently from men, using sex as a variable, like other gender-based research strategies, can provide useful feminist insights.     

法律规范的逻辑结构新论

准确界定法律规范的概念,是进行逻辑结构分析的前提。根据语义分析哲学对概念的功能论理解,法律规范作为一个被建构起来的概念,应当强调它是能够相对独立地发挥法律调整功能的最小单元。由于法律规范的“最小单元”性质未能引起足够的重视,以往诸种法律规范的逻辑结构理论各有利弊得失,却存在一个共同的缺陷:把“法律规范间的逻辑结构”(或“规范性法律文件的逻辑结构”)误为“法律规范的逻辑结构”。这一误区导致法律规范逻辑结构理论的解释力和应用性受到影响,不仅难以解释刑事法律规范的结构,而且很少在部门法中被实际运用。法律规范的逻辑结构应当采用新的“三要素说”:法律事实 规范模态词 法律效果。     

Feminist theory confronts US Supreme Court rhetoric: the case of abortion rights

The research presented below analyses the rhetoric of abortion jurisprudence from the perspective of fundamental principles of feminist theory. While focused primarily on the American experience, it addresses and raises questions that are on the political agenda in a significant number of contemporary societies. The feminist principles identified, and against which judicial rhetoric is assessed, include: the importance of actual life experience over abstract principles, the significance of the distinction between the public and private realms and the understanding of society as a web of relationships. Demonstrated by the relevant data is that the decisions of the judiciary restrictive of reproductive choice are characterized by a distinctly non-feminist rhetoric.     

The color of law: an economic theory of legal boundaries

This paper presents an economic theory of property, tort, and contract law based on the goal of efficiently governing economic exchange relationships. In the theory, legal boundaries emerge endogenously in response to exogenous differences in the nature of the underlying transaction concerning the possible existence of unforeseen or non-contractible contingencies, and/or the desire of one of the parties to make non-salvageable investments prior to trade. The analysis asks whether, in this context, the transaction is best governed by property, tort, or contract principles. The conclusions are illustrated by a discussion of several cases that occupy the “boundaries” between the various areas.     

Merging law and ethics: Discourse legal theory and freedom of expression in Hurley

This article, analyzing and building on the work of Jürgen Habermas, demonstrates how discourse legal theory disavows a separation between law and ethics. The article suggests that discourse theory puts forward a more political theory of law that promotes the normative goal of creating a more just society through discursive practices. A critique of the United States Supreme Court's decision in Hurley v. Irish‐American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston shows how the Court overvalued the private function of speech and undervalued its public, discursive function. The article argues that discourse theory provides a more protective access standard for disempowered groups, especially when public fora are used for the expression of ideas.