The use of gel chromatography for the purification of beta-adrenoblockaders isolated from cadaveric material]

Efficacy of gel chromatography for purification of extracts from cadaveric material containing beta-adrenoblockers was shown in model tests. Distribution curves and chromatographic features of beta-adrenoblockers obtained on hydrophilic and lipophilic-hydrophilic Sephadex were studied.     

The determination of phoxim in cadaveric material by gas-liquid chromatography]

The developed gas-liquid chromatographic procedure for forensic chemical detection and measurement of phoxim in cadaveric material permits the detection in 25 g of an organ of 44 to 52% of added phoxim. The threshold of phoxim measurement in 100 g of the liver is 0.04 mg, the least volume of phoxim detectable being 0.02 g. The developed gas-liquid chromatographic technique should be used as an additional method together with thin-layer chromatography, for a more objective evaluation of the results of forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material for phoxim.     

The retention of alkyldinitrophenol compounds in cadaveric material]

The preservation of alkyl dinitrophenol compounds in corpse liver tissue was under study. The content of these compounds was assessed after various periods of the corpse storage.     

The gas chromatographic detection of acetylene in cadaveric material]

Acetylene traces were detected by gas chromatography in the cadaveric right crural muscle of a 30-year-old man dead from an explosion of an acetylene reservoir at a plant. Acetylene was identified using the absolute calibration method on 3 standard gas chromatographic columns, reaction gas chromatography, and acetylene "deduction" by silver sulfate on silicagel.     

The detection and separation of antiparkinson preparations in cadaveric material by gas-liquid chromatography

Method of gas-chromatographic detection of anti-parkinsonism substances (amedine, amysile, dinesine, midantane, tropazine and cyclodole) isolated from the cadaveric material is suggested. Conditions for separation of anti-parkinsonism substances when they are all present in the cadaveric material are developed.     

The analysis of tiapride in cadaveric material

To optimize conditions of tiapride isolation from cadaveric organs, we compared the results of conventional methods by Stas-Otto, A.A. Vasilyeva and V.F. Kramarenko which provide tiapride isolation up to 50% and a new precise and reproducible method providing 60 +/- 2% tiapride isolation. Identification of tiapride isolated from cadaveric material was made with thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The latter assay employed the method of external standard. The original techniques proposed identify and measure tiapride in hepatic samples in the presence of unidentified endogenic compounds. The techniques are rapid, selective, sensitive and reproducible.     

A method for determining molybdenum in cadaveric material by using alkylphenylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid]

Alkylphenylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid was found to be an efficient extractant to extract molybdenum from the cadaveric material. Method suggested is simple enough for use and doesn't require considerable amounts of chemical reagents.     

The forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material for the presence of drug and narcotic compounds]

The authors consider that the list of drugs and narcotics which can be reliably identified in a general forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material (not a purposeful screening) should be changed. Isolation by acidified water, hydrochloric acid hydrolysis, and by acetonitrile should be used for isolation of drugs and narcotic compounds in forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material.     

The gas chromatographic determination of carbophos in cadaveric material

The authors developed a method of malathion insecticide determination in the cadaveric material (blood and wall of the stomach) including extraction of 5 ml of blood (5 g of fragmented tissue of stomach wall) by hexan; preparative chromatographic purification of extract on silicagel layer L 5/40 mkm in hexan-diethyl ether system 10:2; Gas-liquid chromatographic investigation on column with 5% SE-30 and 5% XE-60 (Chromatograph "Colour-106" with thermionic detector). This method makes it possible to detect 72-76% of malathion added.     

Preservation of methanol in cadaveric material

Duration of preservation of methanol in cadaveric material at 20 +/- 3 degrees C during 4-13 months was studied on 19 model and expert objects of cadaveric material (muscle tissue, kidney, blood, urine). Exponential relationship between methanol concentration and duration of storage of the object was detected. Methanol concentration decreased by 30-70% during the first weeks, after which the process decelerated to 5-10% a month. Toxicologically significant concentrations of endogenous methanol were not revealed in any case.     

Determination of trasodone in cadaveric material

Methods of trasodone isolation from cadaveric material by water and acetonitrile at pH-2.0, which may be used in expert practice, were developed. Acetonitrile method is recommended for everyday practice as it allows one to isolate about 60% of trasodone and to obtain extracts with lower content of extractive substances. Detection limit in case of trasodone isolation by acidified water is 50 micrograms in 25 g of the liver and by acetonitrile--25 micrograms in 25 g of the liver and kidney.     

Forensic chemical testing of cadaveric material for acetonitrile

Gas chromatographic conditions for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of acetonitrile in biological material were determined, including those for reactive gas chromatography. Absolute and relative time of acetonitrile and concomitant substances retention in three columns of different polarity was determined. Study of the time of acetonitrile retention in biological material showed that acetonitrile concentration in the blood virtually did not change in cadaveric material stored in a hermetically closed flask for 2 weeks at 20 +/- 3 degrees C, while its concentration in the stomach decreased by 10-15%. Distribution of acetonitrile in human viscera in lethal poisoning was studied; the agent was evenly distributed in the gastric wall, intestine, liver, and kidney, while its concentrations in the lung and brain were 2-3 times higher. Forensic chemical expert analyses of the blood, urine, and viscera from corpses of humans dead from lethal acetonitrile poisoning showed that lethal concentration in the blood was 28.3-57.0 mg and in the urine 23.2-40.6 mg/100 ml.     

The detection of the presence of azafen in cadaveric material

Possibility of isolating azaphen from the cadaveric material by acidified water and acetonitrile (as extractant) is shown. Isolation rate (75.6%) of azaphen (with 1 mg of preparation added to 25 g of the liver by acetonitrile is significantly higher than in isolation by acidified water (41.7%).     

The detection of novocaine and p-aminobenzoic acid in cadaveric material

Microcrystalloscopic reactions, TLC and UV spectroscopy methods for novocainum and p-aminobenzoic acid identification in medicolegal examination of the cadaveric material were developed. Sensitivity and specificity of microcrystalloscopic reactions were studied.     

The isolation of amitriptyline from cadaveric material using acetonitrile

Method of amitriptyline isolation from the cadaveric material using acetonitrile as extractant is suggested. This method makes it possible to extract in average 76.09% of substance previously added in quantity of 1 mg to 25 g of the liver. Method was successfully used in analysis of expert material.     

The determination of chromium in cadaveric material by using cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

Method of chrome detection in the course of forensic chemical investigation in the cadaveric material on the basis of cyclohexan-carbonic acid use is presented. Results of experimental researches showed efficacy of method tested as compared to the common one. Method suggested can be used in laboratory conditions to extract chrome from visceral organs of human cadaver.     

The detection of isoniazide in the cadaveric blood and plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with a diode matrix detector

The authors describe the analytical procedure for the rapid detection of isoniazide in the cadaveric blood and plasma using high performance liquid chromatography with a diode matrix detector (HPLC-DAD). The method is designed for toxicological and forensic medical analyses. The preliminary preparation of the samples includes protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, formation of isoniazide derivatives with cinnamic aldehyde, and chromatographic analysis on an Eclipse XDB-C18 column with registration of absorption at a wavelength of 340 nm. The mobile phase is a mixture of methanol and 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer (50:50 v/v), pH 3.8. The detection limit is 0.5 mcg/ml in plasma and 1 mcg/ml in blood hemolizate. The qualitative determination is possible in a concentration range from 2 to 200 mcg/ml. Mean square deviation does not exceed 12% in a concentration interval from 2 to 50 mcg/ml.