性的自治与规制——在法律规则的视野下对性权利的一种解读

尽管人的进步是和性的解放关联在一起,但是法治意义上的性权利绝不是完全的性自治和性自由,性权利永远都是法律规则与制度下的权利,永远都是与性义务、性责任相对应的权利,它受制于社会规则,来源于社会合作。因此,性的法治是建立在自治基础上对性的法律控制。具体说,这种法律控制体现在婚姻形态的选择、国家对性资源的配置以及国家权力与私人力量的博弈等环节或过程中。     

我国离婚经济补偿制度的立法完善

离婚经济补偿制度对于提升家务劳动的社会价值,保护对家庭做出较多贡献一方的合法权益,具有十分重要的意义。但同国外离婚救济制度相比较,我国的离婚经济补偿制度在理论设计上还存在不足,实践中可操作性不强,立法目的实现的预期效果不能令人满意。因此,应完善离婚经济补偿制度的立法设计,使之更具可操作性。     

The Coase Theorem, Private Information, and the Benefits of Not Assigning Property Rights

Using a simple bilateral trading example with discrete valuations and costs it is demonstrated that in the presence of private information the efficiency of Coasean bargaining may be strictly enhanced if initially no property rights are assigned.     

假结婚、假离婚与错结婚的认定和处理

婚姻法只规定了四种法定无效情形和一种可撤销婚姻。对于假结婚、假离婚与错结婚争睛形如何认定和处理,没有法律规定,实践中往往适用民法总则无效民事效力行为的规定,将其认定为无效婚姻。这是错误的,婚姻有效与无效有其独立的评判规则,不能适用适用民法总则。因而,假结婚、假离婚与错结婚一般不能认定其行为无效。     

论民法典法定离婚理由的设计及残疾人权益保护

正在制定的我国《民法典·婚姻家庭编》(草案)第856条是整个离婚制度的核心。其立法主张和立法技术彰显了整个离婚制度的价值追求和逻辑体系。但是,从整个制度设计上看,其也存在利益失衡和逻辑失范之处。其概括条款"其他导致夫妻感情破裂的情形"缺乏对"重大"和"有责配偶请求权"的限制,整个离婚理由缺乏"苛刻条款"等平衡弱势配偶权益的制度设计。上述缺陷对残疾人离婚权益保护具有负面影响,借助对残疾人离婚案件实证分析所得出的数据,参考世界最新立法例和国际社会最新相关成果,增设"重大情形""残疾人配偶提出离婚需设限制性条件""苛刻条款"以及限缩"第830条重大疾病范围"等立法建议,将对《民法典·婚姻家庭编》(草案)离婚制度构建中残疾人婚姻权益保障有所裨益。     

Divorce related malicious mother syndrome

With the increasing commonality of divorce involving children, a pattern of abnormal behavior has emerged that has received little attention. The present paper defines the Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome. Specific nosologic criteria are provided with abundant clinical examples. Given the lack of scientific data available on the disorder, issues of classification, etiology, treatment, and prevention appear ripe for investigation.     

关于离婚赔偿法律问题的思考

我国离婚赔偿制度的确立具有重大的意义,但必须明确承担损害赔偿责任的主体和损害赔偿的方式,才能切实保护被损害者的合法权益。     

性犯罪被害人权利保护的域外经验

与一般刑事犯罪被害人相比,性犯罪被害人在获得社会同情的时候,往往又容易被一般的社会舆论所中伤,其所受到的身心损害既持久又不易恢复;因此,美国、英国、德国、澳大利亚、日本、韩国等国家以及我国的台湾、香港地区主要从性犯罪被害人的知情权、参与权、免受二次受害权、请求赔偿和补偿权出发制定一系列非常细化、有效的规范,以实现对性犯罪被害人的特殊保护。     

信息、知识产权与中国知识产权战略若干问题

“自主知识产权”与“以信息化促工业化”有着密切的联系。知识产权客体的本质是信息。“信息化”如果仅仅着眼于信息处理与传输,就仅仅注意到了“枝”或“流”;只有同时也注意到“信息”本身的创新,才算注意到了“根”或“源”。就中国知识产权保护的定位,既需要有理论上的思考,又必须了解与分析国际国内的许多实际问题。除了按照国际条约要求的义务保护我们的非长项外,在构思中国知识产权战略时,还应积极思考如何主动地保护我们自己的长项。     

The Economics of the Grounds for Divorce in Great Britain

Despite similarities in their socio-economic environments and the provision of identical legal grounds for divorce, England & Wales is dominated by fault divorce decrees whereas no-fault divorce dominates in Scotland. Indeed, during the past fifteen years, the shares of fault and no-fault divorce have increasingly diverged across these two regions. The paper proposes an explanation for this remarkable contrast based on cost incentives generated by procedural and legal interventions within the respective legal systems. In particular, the introduction of the Simplified Procedure in Scotland and the reduction in the time bar to divorce in England & Wales are key causal factors.     

离婚案件的心理调解研究

婚姻法规定离婚案件应当进行调解,但由于离婚案件除了涉及法律问题以外,更多地还会涉及到家庭伦理、情感和道德等问题。鉴于这类案件的特殊性以及法官在知识结构上的局限性,心理学方法的介入应当会从根本上提高离婚案件调解的质量,从而提高该类案件调解的成功率。主要针对当前我国离婚案件调解问题的现状提出诉讼离婚心理调解的概念,论述诉讼离婚心理调解的必要性和可行性。     

试论涉股权离婚案件的正确处理

股份制经济的发展,使因出资而享有的股权走进了家庭财产,它也就当然的成为夫妻离婚财产分割的对象。但是股权本身不同于传统的财产,其所具有的多种属性对离婚财产分割提出了挑战,因而从股权特性角度出发探寻涉股权离婚问题的解决具有积极的意义!     

试论我国离婚经济补偿制度的存废

我国2001年修正后的《婚姻法》增设了离婚经济补偿制度,集中规定在第40条,学界对此大加肯认,有学者建议应该修改完善。经过分析与考证后发现,其实不然,应该删除第40条的规定,将离婚经济补偿制度的价值和功能交由完善后的我国夫妻共同财产制予以彰显和实现。     

德国婚后扶养制度研究

根据德国2008年修订后的有关法律,离婚配偶可以因为照顾共同子女、年老、疾病、失业、收入差距、接受教育等原因请求扶养费,也可以基于公平原则请求扶养。公平原则不仅本身可以作为扶养费请求权的基础,同时也是确定扶养费具体数额的标准。扶养费必须满足权利人全部的生活需要,同时兼顾婚姻中的生活状况。提供扶养费的前提是保证义务人自身的供养,以免其本身成为扶养请求权的权利人,同时还要扣除权利人本身的收入。如果扶养义务人同时向多人承担扶养义务,应该按照法律规定的顺位,优先满足未成年子女的扶养费。为了实现个案中的公平原则,德国2008年立法改革对于扶养请求权设定了限制,包括时间上的限制和数额上的限制。此外,为了达到公平的目的,法律规定了8种重大不公的情况,在这些情况下,扶养义务人可以免除其扶养责任。     

在国际人权框架下审视中国离婚财产分割方法

妇女的财产权利是妇女人权的重要组成部分,是妇女行使其他权利的基础。目前中国法律规定的离婚财产均等分割方法,并未充分考虑在经济转型期间妇女所面临的经济地位的劣势和离婚妇女在传统文化和习俗中所遭遇的特有困难。同时,对妇女所从事的家务劳动对家庭发展、对包括丈夫在内的家庭成员的发展所做出的贡献和由此给妇女自身发展所造成的制约作用,也未得到应有的评估和重视国际人权法制定了国际社会认可的标准和保障机制,成为各国审视国内法、挑战妇女面临的不平等财产权的有力工具。在此基础上,为达到保护弱势一方利益,法律须以公平分割原则取代均等分割原则。     

中德离婚法定理由比较

中德两国的离婚法定理由各自具有一系列不同的特点。对两国离婚理由的异同的比较能够揭示我国离婚法定理由的成就与不足,并进而提出构建我国未来民法典亲属编离婚理由的立法建议。     

Divorce, Custody, and Spousal Violence: A Random Sample of Circuit Court Docket Records

The fastest growing marital status category in America is divorced, with the number of divorced individuals quadrupling between 1970 and 1996. The majority of children in divorced families live with a single parent and often lose contact with the noncustodial parent. A recent review of the literature suggests that many noncustodial fathers fail to keep contact with their children and become delinquent in child support payments because of their dissatisfaction with the custody arrangement. However, there has been little examination of how custody arrangements are typically determined or settled. In addition, divorces that involve spousal violence bring further complications to child custody, visitation, and child support decisions. This study included a 20% random sample of court records for all divorces settled in one county judicial circuit court during 1998. The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of divorcing adults as well as characteristics of child custody arrangements, visitation, and child support decisions. Contrary to popular belief, findings from this study indicate that divorce actions were almost always settled through agreement of the divorcing parties rather than by adjudication. About 38% of the couples had children in common and between 78 and 92% of cases were settled through agreement, which suggests that fathers are in fact agreeing to the custody arrangement, rather than being forced into it. About one in five records overall noted spousal violence, and there was no significant difference in settlement methods for couples with or without spousal violence. Cases with children and spousal violence were significantly more likely to have also mentioned substance use and postdecree activity. This study suggests a need for more focused attention on divorce cases with spousal violence to reduce postdecree court involvement and safety of children and adult victims, as well as further study into what causes noncustodial parents to lose contact with their children.     

我国离婚损害赔偿制度之完善

针对我国离婚损害赔偿制度存在的缺陷,应考虑从以下几方面完善:拓宽离婚损害赔偿的适用范围;完善离婚损害赔偿举证责任的内容,适当适用过错推定原则;明确损害赔偿应包括物质损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿;规制赔偿数额。