新农村建设中公共服务供给创新

我国开始进入统筹城乡发展,建设社会主义新农村的新阶段。创新农村公共服务体系,加强和改善农村公共服务供给,是建设社会主义新农村的重要内容和基本要求。要转变政府职能、构建公共财政体制、健全农村公共服务供给规制监管制度、逐步建立“政府主导、社会参与”的现代农村公共服务供给体制,扎扎实实推进社会主义新农村建设。     

论优化公共服务的选择

建立精干、节约、高效、廉洁的“廉价政府”,是社会主义国家政府建设的目标。而如何进行政府公共服务体制的改革,是当前公众对各级政府普遍关注的重要问题。本文试图从“市场化”和“非市场化”两方面对政府公务服务改革作出一种建设性的构想。     

公共服务供给多元化探析

传统的由政府供给公共服务的单一供给制存在着诸多弊端,从这些弊端入手,在深入分析的基础上得出由以政府为单一供给主体的供给模式向以政府、市场主体、民间组织等共同参与的多元化供给模式的转变是公共服务供给发展的必然趋势,并试探性地给出多元供给的制度设计。     

促进社会长期稳定的新思路——论优化基本公共服务供给

在我国经济、社会全面快速转型的过程中,危害社会稳定的各种矛盾日益凸显,促进社会稳定的任务更加繁重。传统"治标"式的维稳方式忽视公共服务促进社会稳定的功能,直接影响民生问题的改善,导致维护社会稳定的成本高昂,效果欠佳。扩大与优化基本公共服务供给,有利于切实改善民生、促进社会的公平正义,因而具有"安全阀"和"稳定器"的功能。当前城乡、地区之间差别化的公共服务供给体制,不利于实现基本公共服务均等化,从而有碍社会公平,严重影响社会和谐稳定。进一步优化基本公共服务供给,是促进我国社会长期稳定的重要保障。     

构建乡镇政府公共服务职能 服务新农村建设

乡镇政府公共服务职能的构建,不仅是促进基层政府职能转换、弥补市场缺陷的需要,也是全面推进农村综合改革和新农村建设的形势使然。然而,由于乡镇"全能政府"理念偏差、自上而下的"压力型行政体制"、激励约束机制不合理等原因,导致乡镇政府公共服务职能的缺位。因此,为构建乡镇公共服务职能,必须增强树立"服务政府"的理念、规范乡镇政府职责、提高乡镇干部的整体素质和服务能力,同时培育和发展农村中介组织以创新农村治理方式。     

论地方治理范式下的公共服务合作供给网络构建

在地方治理范式中,治理权威多中心化以及由此引发的多元主体、合作主义、自主网络结构等模式是实现公共服务有效供给的良好路径。构建我国公共服务合作供给网络,政府职能转变和功能主导是基本前提,多元主体和功能互补是基本组织结构,公民参与和诉求表达是重要保障。     

城乡统筹发展中新农村公共服务体制建设

农村公共服务严重短缺,城乡公共服务差距不断扩大.从根本上说是体制机制问题.城乡统筹发展必然要求加快推进社会主义新农村建设、构建新农村公共服务体制.在城乡统筹发展中建设新农村公共服务体制,必须进一步确立强化政府农村公共服务的制度规定.逐步构建城乡统一的公共服务体制,加快建立农村公共服务投入稳步增长机制,完善农村基本公共服务决策机制与供给模式,创新农村公共服务组织的设置.     

新农村建设中公共产品供给主体的变迁

我国农村公共产品供给主体几经变迁,目前存在着供给主体错位、供给总量不足、供给结构失衡、供给机制扭曲等问题。在社会主义新农村建设中必须建立起多元化的农村公共产品供给主体体系,其中,以中央、省级供给主体为主导,以县乡及农村社区供给主体为支撑,以农村合作组织与非赢利部门为依托,提高新农村建设中公共产品供给的效率。     

教育公共服务供给理论体系梳理与分析

教育公共服务供给作为政府公共服务中优秀人才的"供给侧",有着非常丰富的理论基础。根据公共服务发展的历史脉络,总结归纳教育公共服务供给的理论基础:新公共管理理论、新公共服务理论、公共选择理论、公共服务供给与生产理论、交易费用理论、第三部门理论和治理理论,它们为研究教育公共服务供给的发展和实践提供坚实的理论基础。     

公共服务多元化供给机制设计

由以政府为单一供给主体的供给模式向以政府、企业、NGO组织、社区、私人等共同参与的多元化供给模式的转变是公共服务供给的必然趋势。而多元化供给的关键是在把握公共性前提下,在公共服务供给领域引入旨在提高服务效率和效益的一系列微观运作机制。     

论农村公共产品供给制度的改革与创新

建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务。改革农村公共产品供给制度,是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容和有力保障。社会主义新农村建设时期,要从供给主体制度、决策机制、筹资机制以及监督管理机制等方面改革和完善农村公共产品制度,以保证公平地有效地为农村供给足量的农村公共产品。     

Choice in Public Services: Crying 'Wolf' in the School Choice Debate

Choice, diversity and personalisation have been key to the New Labour project in public services. With the emergence of a reinvigorated Conservative party as a credible electoral threat, and the end of the Blair era, it seems appropriate to consider the continuing viability and longevity of the New Labour public service project. In this article, I approach the issue of choice in public services through an examination of the long-running controversy over choice in the English secondary school system. I argue that the opponents of choice have been reluctant to engage with the notion of choice in public services due to concerns over the supposed negative effect that consumer choice has on the equity and quality of service provision. This paper aims to challenge the claim that any element of choice in education necessarily has deleterious effects on social justice. I argue that the case against school choice has not been decisively made and that school choice can, in principle, form part of a socially progressive educational project by redistributing power to service users and helping to maintain popular support for public provision of education.     

The Politics of Choice and Competition in Public Services

The politics of choice and competition in public services are complex. Only public service users seem basically to want choice. Providers prefer alternative models of service delivery especially those that rely upon trust. Social democrats prefer voice and trust; conservatives want choice and competition to be exercised in the context of a full private market. Yet, so long as they are properly designed, policies aimed at promoting choice and competition can serve the interests of all these groups better than the alternatives.     

论公共服务的社区化——以昆明市盘龙区劝学社区为例

公共服务社区化已成为世界性的选择。社区成为全球政府实现治道变革的平台,它能提高公共服务的供给效率,有利于形成政府与公民“双赢”的局面。目前我国公共服务社区化中存在的问题是:“行政化倾向、市场化倾向、搭便车和不规范行为等。公共服务社区供给的改革应包括:对社区供给的繁复的公共服务进行科学定位、加强社区自治组织架构的建设、与政府合作、建立社区公共财政体制、探索多中心集体选择的激励机制和提升社区能力。     

On the Public Choice Critique of Welfare Economics

The public choice literature urges the welfare economist toanticipate how political forces will shape the levels of newpolicy instruments when government intervenes in a new way.This paper argues that the welfare economist should alsorecognize that new interventions may impact the politicallydetermined levels of existing policy instruments. It shows howthe introduction of a new instrument can lead to shifts inpolitical coalitions or compromises in existing areas ofconflict that can produce significant changes in existingpolicies. Such spillover effects can provide new arguments forintroducing particular policy interventions. Even a policyinstrument without an obvious welfare economic rationale canchange voter coalitions and shift the policy equilibrium in awelfare improving direction.     

我国政府在转型过程中的公共服务供给研究

当前随着人民生活水平提高,公众对公共服务的需求不断增长。我国在建成服务型政府的目标下,不断深化行政改革,增强公众服务的供给能力。着重分析政府在转型过程中公共服务供给所出现的问题,并从内部体制改革、民营化改革和监管体系的完善三个大方面探索政府有效提供公共服务的路径。     

Competition and Choice in New York City . Social Services

Privatization is intended to improve public services by introducing competition and choice. Does privatization of social services result in competition? To answer this we studied New York City's experience with contracts for three services: shelters for homeless adults, home care, and employment training. A total of 132 contract awards to nonprofit agencies were examined. The evidence suggests the procurement procedures were competitive and followed good practices. There was significant competition in terms of the number of announcements issued, the number of requests for proposals distributed, and the number of proposals ultimately submitted‐an average of 2.48 proposals per award. Contracting for homeless shelters has produced a voucher‐like system with desirable features. Vouchers are also used for some employment training and could be used for home care. Such systems can introduce even more competition and choice for clients of social services. Problems of contracting with nonprofit agencies are reviewed.     

What's New about the New Public Management? Administrative Change in the Human Services

Interpretations of the emergence of the New Public Management are split. The champions of the movement present it as a new administrative paradigm that departs sharply from past thinking and practice, whereas skeptics argue it has evolved incrementally from past administrative traditions. To assess these views, this article examines recent administrative innovations in the human services that broadly reflect the New Public Management. The findings suggest that these innovations have built incrementally on past reforms in the human services field, supporting the skeptics' claim that the New Public Management represents an evolution and renewal of historical trends in public administration.