多方联动提升中小企业集群融资优势

近年来,特色鲜明的中小企业集群成为我国经济增长的主要推动力量。集群内企业发挥集群融资优势,通过中小企业互助担保、中小企业集合债券、中小企业集群现金池或区域性民营金融机构等具有集群特征的融资形式获取资金来源,缓解中小企业融资难题。为实现中小企业集群的健康发展,企业、金融机构、政府和中介组织应建立互动合作机制,完善信用体系,创新融资形式,改善融资环境,提升中小企业集群融资能力。     

湖南民营科技企业发展现状与对策

90年代,湖南民营科技企业发展迅速,规模不断扩大,实力迅速增强,效益明显提高,在国民经济和科技进步中发挥越来越大的作用。但也面临着环境有待改善、政策待遇不公、筹资渠道不畅等问题。加快湖南民营科技企业发展需要采取七个方面的措施:加大政策支持力度,促进企业创新,拓宽融资渠道,搞好产业孵化,壮大人才队伍,健全社会化服务体系,推进国际化进程。     

发展风险投资业的对策研究

当前,资金匮乏已经成为中小高科技企业发展的主要制约因素,在目前国内融资渠道相对有限的情况下,大力发展风险投资是解决中小高科技企业融资问题的主要途径,对这一问题的研究,具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

中国企业融资途径现状、问题及展望

中国企业外源融资主要以间接贷款为主，还包括民间融资、股票融资、企业债融资、私募股权融资等。目前还存在着直接融资比重过重、中小企业融资困难等问题，未来直接融资比例将上升，公司债和金融租贷、票据融资等方式将得到发展。     

股份制是民营科技企业改造和发展的方向──兼论陕西民营科技企业“二次创业”

股份制是民营科技企业改造和发展的方向兼论陕西民营科技企业﹃二次创业﹄贺新宇１．进入９０年代，我国民营科技发展速度加快，企业规模不断扩大，企业总数、技工贸总收入、上缴利税、出口创汇及从业人员等，每年都以较快速度增长。陕西民营科技起步晚，但发展迅猛。八五...     

民营科技企业发展中的问题与对策

1992年后，我国民营科技企业进入二次创业阶段并呈现出高速发展的态势，成为我国新的经济增长点和增长最快的税源之一。本文在对民营科技企业的概念进行重新界定的基础上，系统分析了民营科技企业发展中存在的一些问题，诸如产权、资金、人才、管理和政策等，并提出了促进民营科技企业健康发展的政策建议。     

浅谈企业融资方式的选择

企业融资主要通过内部融资和外部融资两种方式，外部融资又分为债务性融资和权益性融资两大类。根据权衡理论和优序融资理论，企业应该先选择内部融资，再选择债务性融资，最后选择权益性融资。但是由于不同企业的未来发展前景、所处环境、经营管理者的风险偏好以及企业的规模和结构不同，所以企业经营管理者在对融资方式进行决策时会产生很多特殊的融资顺序，而非权衡理论和优序融资理论所确定的融资顺序。     

发展民营科技企业，振兴区域经济－对尚志市民营科技企业的调查

私营经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分.实践证明哪里的市场发育程度高,哪里的私营经济就发展快,而那里的综合经济实力就一定会比较强.现阶段,民营科技企业的兴起,更是推动区域经济发展不容忽视的重要因素.本文作者通过对尚志市民营科技企业发展现状、存在问题的调查,提出了一些有益的建议.     

企业直接融资与间接融资比例失衡的经济分析

目前,我国企业的直接融资与间接融资比例严重失衡,即以股票、债券等直接融资的比例过小,而且呈下降加速的趋势,而以银行贷款为主的间接融资比例过大。这必然严重影响我国金融资源配置的整体效率,并使金融风险不断聚集。加快发展直接融资,改变企业直接融资与间接融资比例失衡的状况,是当前金融改革和金融结构调整的当务之急。     

扩容后新三板制度的特征及对科技型中小企业融资环境的影响

科技型中小企业是有高风险、高收益的特征,面临着严重的融资政策,扩容后新三板将有助于企业吸收风险资本、降低股权融资成本、企韭获得银行贷款,从而极大改善科技中小企业的融资环境.     

The Incorporated Company as an Instrument of Government: A Quest for a Comparative Understanding

Privatization initiatives and the doctrines of "New Public Management" have led to incorporated companies assuming considerable significance within government in many countries. The implications of this development for the structure and operation of the modern state are potentially far-reaching, but are yet to be appropriately comprehended. In response, the article seeks to establish a framework for understanding the basic characteristics and use of companies from a comparative perspective. Attention is focused on their "publicness" and accountability as affected by their ownership, management, financing, and control, which can all involve a varying mix of the "public" and "private" sectors both domestically and internationally. An underlying belief is that a lot more research and analysis are required in this important area of organizational activity.     

PRIVATIZATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

This article examines the main social security programs, narrowly defined to include income maintenance for the aged and health care, in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, and reveals the large degree to which the statutory programs depend on private provision, particularly, private financing. It further shows that efforts are underway to reduce, or at least to arrest the expansion of role of the state by a corresponding expansion in the role of private provision and financing. The expansion of social security for the aged in Thailand is an exception in this regard. I conclude that both inefficiency and inequity have been promoted.     

Beliefs About Corporate America and the Structure of Opinions Toward Privatization

This research analyzes the individual-level factors associated with public support for the private provision of public goods and services. Given that privatization requires the transfer of authority from public to private entities, we argue that beliefs about private companies are an important and overlooked source of heterogeneity in explaining public policy preferences toward privatization. We test this expectation using survey data from the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. We find that support for privatization is associated with positive beliefs about the motivation of private companies and with favorable views about corporate accountability relative to the accountability of government. Opposition to privatization is associated with beliefs about corporate influence in politics. Preferences for limited government are also associated with support for privatization. These results highlight the potential for beliefs about private companies to serve as a group heuristic in political reasoning and the ability of citizens to make reasoned choices on complex public policy issues.     

中小企业融资难的原因

随着我国多种所有制并存的经济制度的建立和社会主义市场经济的发展,中小企业发展迅速,并且在国民经济中的地位越来越重要。但是,相对于国有企业而言,中小企业所受重视程度低,政策倾向少,优惠待遇薄,扶持力度不够,导致其发展存在较多瓶颈,融资困难。中小企业融资难已不是一朝一夕的问题,从私营经济开始之初就已经存在,而2011年的温州借贷危机更是其矛盾激化的表现。结合具体地区分析中小企业融资难的原因,并希望对解决融资难的问题有所帮助。     

Sliding doors in Brussels: A career path analysis of EU affairs managers

This article investigates the revolving doors phenomenon in the European Union (EU). It proposes a management approach that treats this phenomenon as a form of corporate political activity through which companies try to gain access to decision makers. By using sequence analysis to examine the career paths of almost 300 EU affairs managers based in public and private companies across 26 countries, three different ideal‐typical managers are identified: those EU affairs managers coming from EU institutions and public affairs; those who make a career through the private sector; and those who establish themselves in national political institutions. This identification confirms that EU institutions need different types of information and companies need EU affairs managers with different professional backgrounds able to provide it. Rather than observing a revolving door of EU officials into EU government affairs, what the authors term ‘sliding doors’ – namely the separation of careers, especially between the public and private sectors – is discerned.     

投融资平台公司信用风险与地方政府信用失序——以法律为视角

法律冲突与制度扭曲环境下的投融资平台公司,从诞生之日起即具有结构性信用风险,而平台公司的信用风险与地方政府的信用具有相关性,其所具有的传导效应构成地方政府信用风险、宏观经济结构调整风险、土地政策调整风险、银行系统风险、财政风险这样一条具有多米诺骨牌效应的信用风险链并或将成为推手。加强地方政府的信用治理,从财政体制上、法律制度上规范地方政府信用秩序是防范平台公司信用风险的根本手段。     

Drifting towards convergence? Motivation and performance management in state and private companies in the provision of telecom services in Ghana

The concept of expectancy on which many of the theories of workplace incentive programmes are based, claims that when employees are given a particular level of motivation, it will result in some level of performance. The general perception in Ghana is that public sector employees do not perform as efficiently as private sector workers because they lack incentives to do so. However, few studies have compared the incentive structures of the two sectors. Using empirical evidence from four telecom companies in Ghana, this article shows that the gaps between ‘state’ and ‘private’ have narrowed. Also, while incentive structures such as salary, fringe benefits and job (in)security are converging, critical performance management processes like employees' participation in decision‐making, performance appraisal, monitoring and credibility of sanctions are drifting apart. This article concludes that differences in performance between state and private companies may be explained by performance management processes and not incentive structures. It cautions that improved salaries and other office perquisites may not by themselves achieve organisational performance. Rather, incentives should be embedded in a broader approach through effective performance management processes. The information in the article is relevant to the ‘borderline’ part of the public sector under a deregulated environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Contingent Approach to the Organization and Management of Public–Private Partnerships: An Empirical Study of English Health Care

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have become a prominent feature of contemporary public policy. Although research shows variation in the contractual configuration of partnerships, there is little evidence of how these shape service and workforce organization. Through comparative ethnographic research on two PPP health care providers in the English National Health Service, this article develops the idea that PPPs exhibit “tight” and “loose” arrangements that relate to “downstream” service and workforce management. It induces four empirically grounded mediating factors to describe this relationship. The first relates to the “dependence” between partners in terms of financing, strategy, and resource sharing; the second to the “strategic orientation” of leaders; the third to the composition of the “professional workforce”; and the fourth to the “management approach” to service and workforce organization. The article contributes to the research literature by exploring the contingencies in how PPPs are operationalized on the ground.     

Explaining the unpopularity of public funding for congressional elections

This article uses data from the 2008 Cooperative Congressional Election Study to explain weak support for public financing of congressional campaigns. Previous studies lack theory to explain variation in support and use a flawed measure of the dependent variable. We argue that low support reflects a failure resulting from a collective action dilemma. Citizens desire a campaign finance system that weans politicians from private donors, but are unwilling to pay a small amount in taxes to support public financing. In contrast to conventional wisdom, we show that support for public financing is highest among those perceived to benefit the most from the current system. Our results suggest that most Americans would rather not pay for politics, and that reform proposals must avoid incurring transparent costs on individual citizens to pay for reform.     

地方政府融资平台的财政支持与风险防范

我国地方政府融资平台大部分是运用财务杠杆负债经营,蕴藏着巨大的偿债风险,地方财政收入的不确定性及其他因素都加剧了融资平台的偿债风险.本文探讨了地方政府融资平台基于财政方面的支持,分析了其带来的风险,并给出相应的风险防范的政策建议.