Negotiating chile's entry to nafta: trade and investment issues

In December 1994, the United States, Canada, and Mexico agreed in principle to extend the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to Chile at the Summit of the Americas. This paper examines Chile's accession to NAFTA with special reference to key issues in the negotiations. It discusses the rationale for extending NAFTA to Chile from the U.S. and Chilean perspectives. The study also examines how NAFTA negotiators may address issues such as trade and investment rules, technical standards, dispute settlement obligations, intellectual property rights, phase-in periods, and labor and environmental standards.     

The Macroeconomics of Aid: Overview

Abstract

This Special Issue explores macroeconomic effects of aid from various perspectives through a blend of studies, both conceptual and empirical in nature. The overall aim is to enhance the understanding of the macroeconomic dimensions of aid in the policy and research communities, and to inspire further innovative work in this important area. This opening article provides a scene setting summary of five generations of aid research, with a particular focus on how the JDS has contributed to this literature, and ends with an overview of the papers included in this Issue.     

发展融资体系概览

过去二三十年来,发展融资体系发生了巨大的变化,反映了世界经济的重大调整。二战后呈现的一些最为引人注目的大趋势包括:发展中国家在全球经济增长中的地位上升;贫困率急剧下降;流入发展中国家的私人资本大幅增加;以及中等收入国家成为低收入国家发展融资的提供者。发展融资体系历史上由经合组织(OECD)国家主宰,如今新兴经济体进入其中,为其带来新的资源、革新和知识。但是,发展合作体系正日益碎片化。为确保其有效性,有必要支持由国家引导的以增进所有伙伴国协调的活动。世界银行成员国遍布全球,以国家需求为驱动开展工作,作为全球知识的一个生产者和连接者(包括南南交流),世界银行能够在该议程中发挥积极作用。     

Transitions and models of intervention

All transitions are associated with change. People, basically conservative by nature, tend to resist change. Any intervention needs to consider that reactions to a transition are affected by prior experience, by the way transitions are viewed in an individual's social network, and by what learning opportunities are available. Responses can be viewed as typical under the circumstances, with rites of passage and helpers available to guide people in coping; or they can be viewed as a result of deficits in the individual for which treatment is prescribed. To facilitate change, seen as an expected event, individuals need to be linked to resources and information. They need role models and legitimation of their feelings. Learning, at such times of stress, seems to be facilitated by the availability of a peer, in the sense that the helper has had a similar experience. This help is available in mutual help groups. However, many kinds of help need to be available. The goal of any help is to empower the individual to cope in ways that promote growth and change.     

美国少年审判机构现状概览——兼谈我国当前少年审判机构改革及其相关问题

美国少年审判机构形式多样,具体而精确的说明相当繁琐,但从基本理念、基本法律规则等层面来看,其内在实质相当。美国少年司法界并不太重视其少年审判机构的数量和级别,而认为：是少年法律规则及其理念主导着少年司法的运作。我们可以从名称与通称、类型与隶属、数量与规模、理论与信息以及受案范围与受案数量等角度着手,对当前美国少年审判机构有一个概貌的把握。还可以从几个典型的样本中予以进一步的了解。相关情况对我国当前的少年审判机构改革及其相关问题有所借鉴意义。     

发展合作共享——金砖国家智库会议综述

2011年3月24-25日,由当代世界研究中心和中国和平发展基金会联合主办的金砖国家智库会议在京隆重举行。此次会议是金砖国家领导人第三次会晤的首场配套活动,来自巴西、俄罗斯、印度和南非四圉的专家学者、外交官和来自国家发改委、     

2010年第二季度世界政党形势综述

2010年第二季度,国际金融危机引发的债务危机外溢,效应凸显,不少国家尤其是发达国家执政党挑战显著增多,朝野斗争激烈,欧洲“有强左弱”政党政治格局进一步巩固。围绕走出危机、促进经济社会发展之道,主流政党问理念和政策主张的交流、交锋、交融不断加深。不少国家政党锐意求变,力争在调整中开拓创新、有所作为。     

2010年第一季度世界政党形势综述

2010年第一季度,世界政党形势总体稳定,但稳中有变、变中有乱。尤其是后金融危机时期,经济社会形势恶化、选举、党争等因素持续牵动一些国家政情,激化朝野对抗和斗争。全球20余国举行的全国和地区性选举,选情普遍胶着,一些国家在野党胜选引发本国政党政治格局急遽变动并对地区政党形势产生一定影响。     

2011年第二季度世界政党形势综述

2011年第二季度,受全球金融危机及欧洲债务危机进一步发展影响,主要发达国家政治生态深入演变,欧洲的反政治体制运动影响凸显,美日朝野恶斗深化。中东地区多国党争或朝野博弈继续发酵,执政党困境普遍加大。一些发展中国家长期执政的大党老党执政损耗显露,     

Development indicators and development models

This paper is concerned with the semantics of indicators and the concepts of development. Procedures for the selection and validation of indicators are discussed. It is argued that the nature and scope of the indicators, as well as the nature of the quantitative analysis of relations between them, will depend on the conception and definition of development. The system model, which underlies the UNRISD measurement of development, is contrasted with other approaches.     

The uses of models in legislative planning

Previous research on United States public employee strikes has considered the occurrence and breadth of strikes, but seldom duration, as dimensions of the strike which merit examination. This study considers a much neglected dimension of strikes, duration, which is particularly important to public administrators and unions who become actively involved with resolving such disputes. Factors which theoretically were expected to be associated with the duration of public employee strikes--the economic expectations of the striking workers, various characteristics of the bargaining environment, and the fiscal condition of the jurisdiction taking the strike-—were identified and considered. Results indicated that one factor in particular, the fiscal constraints of the jurisdiction taking the strike, was significantly associated with longer strikes, indicating that public employee unions may not necessarily be deterred from engaging in protracted strikes because of a precarious fiscal climate.     

"和平使命-2005"军演俄军精锐大扫描

中俄于8月18-25日举行了"和平使命-2005"联合军事演习.演习在俄罗斯的符拉迪沃斯托克和中国的山东半岛及其附近海域举行.此次军演是上世纪90年代以来两国规格最高、人员最多和技术含量最大的一次军演,也是两国军事合作的一个标志性事件,反映两国的军事合作到了一个新的层次.     

第六届上海“为了孩子”国际论坛会议综述

2007年9月19日，由上海市妇女联合会、上海社会科学院、新民晚报社及华东政法大学主办，上海市法治研究会、上海社科院青少年研究所、上海市家庭教育研究会及华东政法大学青少年法律保护中心等联合承办的第六届上海“为了孩子”国际论坛在上海华亭宾馆隆重举行。     

Crisis intervention models in the French-speaking countries

The article presents the crisis intervention model devised by Andreoli (Geneva) which is currently being developed in most crisis units and emergency services in the French-speaking countries of Europe. Two clinical examples are presented: the Short Therapy Centre (Geneva, Switzerland) and the crisis unit of the Saint-Luc Clinic (Brussels, Belgium). The following aspects of these approaches are discussed: (a) the need for crisis intervention rather than a simple answer to emergency, (b) the need for crisis intervention in all acute psychiatric disorders and not only in psychosocial problems, (c) the need to integrate psychiatric hospitalization into a coherent mental health policy, (d) the need for well-trained and round-the-clock teams, (e) the need for continuity of care.     

世界社区卫生服务体系的典型模式

随着人民生活水平的提高,人群疾病谱发生了改变,慢性病护理的需求量增加;人们在重视身心健康的同时,对疾病预防和自我保健意识也不断增强,社区医疗保健工作面临着难得的机遇.2006年2月21日《国务院关于发展城市社区卫生服务的指导意见》的出台,更加大了完善社区卫生服务体系的力度.在社区卫生服务体系建设方面,英国、澳大利亚以及亚洲部分国家和我国香港积累了丰富的经验,值得我们借鉴学习.     

Policy analysis applications of remi economic forecasting and simulation models

This article surveys the ways that regional economic forecasting and policy analysis models have been used to provide information as an input for policy decision making in the public and private sectors. The major areas are as follows: forecasting and planning; economic development; transportation; energy and natural resources; taxation, budget, and welfare; United States policies; and environmental policies. The survey indicates that, while analysis and research may be required to prepare for a model simulation, the predicted economic effects of a policy can be very important information as an input for a wide range of policy decisions.     

Using input-output models to measure local economic impacts

State governments are often interested in the economic impact of various policies and shocks to local economies. Typically, multipliers from an input-output model are used to determine the total effect, which includes the direct effect of the policy or shock and the so-called ripple effects. This paper presents the theoretical background and examples of applications of a regional input-output model. The theoretical background will focus on explaining hour to correctly use such models so that exaggerated effects are not claimed. Examples of how to apply a tailor made model, namely RLMS II, are discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the value and the potential misuses of regional impact models.