A method for determining arsenic in biological material]

Method of extraction-atomic absorption detection of arsenic in biologic material using naphthenic acid was developed and tested. Method can be used for arsenic detection in postmortem material. It differs from the known method by its accuracy, reliability and simple use.     

The determination of chromium in cadaveric material by using cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

Method of chrome detection in the course of forensic chemical investigation in the cadaveric material on the basis of cyclohexan-carbonic acid use is presented. Results of experimental researches showed efficacy of method tested as compared to the common one. Method suggested can be used in laboratory conditions to extract chrome from visceral organs of human cadaver.     

The detection and separation of antiparkinson preparations in cadaveric material by gas-liquid chromatography

Method of gas-chromatographic detection of anti-parkinsonism substances (amedine, amysile, dinesine, midantane, tropazine and cyclodole) isolated from the cadaveric material is suggested. Conditions for separation of anti-parkinsonism substances when they are all present in the cadaveric material are developed.     

A method for determining molybdenum in cadaveric material by using alkylphenylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid]

Alkylphenylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid was found to be an efficient extractant to extract molybdenum from the cadaveric material. Method suggested is simple enough for use and doesn't require considerable amounts of chemical reagents.     

小颗粒黄色荧光粉YAG：Ce,Gd表面氨基化修饰显现指印的研究

目的研究高效、环保的手印显现技术,拓展黄色荧光粉YAG：Ce,Gd的应用范围。方法采用液相沉积法对黄色荧光粉进行氨基化修饰,并对修饰前后粉体进行红外光谱、光学性能及表面形貌的分析。结果氨基化的黄色荧光粉能够成功地显现非渗透性和渗透性客体上的油脂手印和汗液手印。结论本方法使手印显现效果达到高效、无毒、无损的要求。     

The forensic chemical determination of antidiabetic agents

Method of detection, purification and determination of some antidiabetic agents (ADA)--bucarban, butamid, glybenclamid, glybutide, methformine, prediane, chlorpropamide, chlocyclamide, cyclamide in biological material was developed. Microcrystalline reaction with 10% alcoholic potassium iodide, colour reactions and investigation by TLC method both native substances and nitration products were developed to identify ADA. The assay is performed by spectrophotometry. Detection limit is 2-5 mg of each substance in 50 g of the material.     

The primary investigation of material evidence and the evaluation of its suitability for expert biological identification by genomic "dactyloscopy"

Use of DNA "fingerprinting" method for biological analysis of material evidences exhibit new potentials for making concrete expert conclusions. But such expertise is time consuming and difficult to perform that's why it is important to evaluate fitness of expert material for DNA fingerprinting at early stages of object investigation. Method of preliminary treatment of objects sent for DNA fingerprint expertise in case of sexual assault is suggested and tested. This method allows one to evaluate objects easily from the standpoint of possibility to perform such investigation.     

PAMAM G7.0的制备及在非渗透性表面手印显现中的应用

目的探索一种非渗透性表面手印显现的新方法。方法根据现有方法合成第七代聚酰胺-胺（PAMAM G7.0）树形分子材料,并使用荧光光谱法对产物进行荧光测试;将合成材料对多种客体表面、不同遗留时间的手印进行显现,并将显现结果与粉末法和传统的荧光染料法进行比对。结果实验表明该荧光材料在365nm光激发下可以发出较强的可见荧光;与粉末法和传统的荧光染料法相比,PAMAM G7.0可以同手印残留物进行高选择性结合,手印纹线与背景之间的反差大。结论PAMAMG7.0可以有效地显出非渗透性客体表面的手印。     

A method of choosing the extractant for the recovery of tin from the internal organs of a human cadaver

The analysis of naphthenic acid revealed that they may be used for tin detection in the cadaveric material due to their high complex-forming ability. Method of extraction-atomic absorption tin determination in human organs was developed on the basis of naphthenic acid use. Modified method which differs from the common one by higher sensitivity and selectivity is presented.     

A rapid method of isolating a phenothiazine derivatives from cadaveric specimens

Proximate method for isolation of 10 psychotropic compounds of phenothiazine series from the cadaveric material was developed using acetonitrile with subsequent extraction of these derivatives by ether at pH 13.0 and reextraction by 0.5 n. solution of sulfuric acid. Method of isolation by acetonitrile shortens time for analysis by 5-6 times as compared with modified Stas-Otto method suggested previously for this purpose.     

杯口边缘附着微量口唇脱落细胞的检验

目的　探讨对遗留在杯口边缘的微量口唇黏膜脱落细胞进行DNA分型的可行性及影响因素 ,为案件的侦查提供指导作用。方法　分类提取饮水后容器边缘口唇黏膜脱落细胞中的DNA ,应用荧光标记PCR STR分型技术进行DNA分析。根据每个样本DNA基因座的检出个数 ,分别计算出基因座检出率。结果　不同容器、不同饮料对口唇黏膜脱落细胞DNA检验的影响不同。结论　杯口遗留的口唇黏膜脱落细胞 ,可作为一种法庭生物检材进行DNA分析 ,在实际办案中占有一席之地     

上海市奉贤区医疗纠纷防范研究

目的：通过本课题研究,探索我区医疗纠纷、事故防范的有效机制与手段,降低医疗事故的发生,确保医疗安全。方法：以2004年8月课题立项研究为时间界限,设对照组与干预组,对照组：取自2002年9月--2004年8月间所引发医疗纠纷、事故的主要原因作研究对比材料;干预组：取自2004年9月－2006年8月间的相关材料,二组资料作回顾性对比分析。结果：通过法制宣传、业务培训、专题研讨、学术交流、案例分析、加强督查等一系列干预措施。医疗投诉、受理鉴定、事故的发生率分别下降10.0％、44．5％、15．4％;医疗总体质量提高5．1％、社会满意度得到进一步提高。结论：提高医务人员的业务素质、强化防范意识、规范操作流程、改善暇务态度是降低医疗纠纷、事故的关键所在。     

新型亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末在手印显现中的应用

目的 比较新型亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末显现手印的效果.方法 应用亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末与现场勘查箱内金粉、银粉和黑色磁性粉显现非渗透性客体表面油汗混合手印,并在自然光下观察比较显现效果.结果 亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末显现出的手印图像纹线清晰连贯,背景反差好.结论 亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末显现手印具有一定的优势.     

“Just Describing is Not Enough”: Policy Learning,Transfer, and the Limits of Best Practices

Despite widespread use in the cultural field, best practices remain theoretically and empirically under-researched. The aim of this article is to achieve better understanding of their use and effectiveness in policy learning and transfer, using a case study of a cross-national policy coordination process in the European Union, the Open Method of Coordination. Using empirical data from interview and participant observation material, the article highlights several fundamental challenges of best practices, such as issues of contextualization, representativeness, and critical analysis. It finishes by offering six critical reflection questions on the use of best practices.     

Socrates in Aotearoa: teaching restorative justice in New Zealand

Much introductory material on restorative justice presents the subject from an idealistic point of view, in which assertions of its ethical superiority and advantages over retributive justice systems frequently go unchallenged. In New Zealand, this problem is particularly pronounced, as there is often a naïve acceptance that restorative justice is more culturally appropriate for offenders and victims with indigenous backgrounds. This article argues for a more nuanced approach to the teaching of restorative justice, using critical investigation of claims concerning its efficacy and examination of its problems in order to explore its promises and realities. One possibility for such an approach is the use of the Socratic Method, a teaching method with a demonstrated ability to engage students and foster critical thinking, but one that has also received criticism for its ability to intimidate and demean students. This method is widely used in law schools, but much less so in the social sciences. This article explores the use of this method in a New Zealand university class on restorative justice, examining both student perceptions of the use of the Socratic Method, as well as the efficacy of this approach in terms of knowledge retention and critical engagement.     

荧光二氧化硅纳米粒子的制备及在手印显现中的应用

目的制备二氧化硅纳米粒子并探索其在手印显现中的应用。方法先制备亲油性二氧化硅纳米粒子,然后加入不同的荧光物质,通过控制变量法筛选出最佳的纳米粉末与荧光粉末的质量比。将制备出的荧光二氧化硅纳米粉末与纳米粉末、荧光粉末进行手印显现效果的比较。结果荧光二氧化硅纳米粒子对多种不同载体表面的潜手印有良好的显现效果。结论荧光二氧化硅纳米粉末与传统粉末相比,在显现有背景干扰客体上的手印有明显优势;与普通荧光粉末相比,荧光二氧化硅纳米粉末具有与手印物质结合效果好,毒性小,不易刷糊,成本低的优势。     

顶空气相色谱法检测生物检材中乙醇及其相关物质

目的建立生物检材中乙醇及其相关物质的检测方法。方法生物检材加入内标异丙醇后用顶空气相色谱法进行检测（FID检测器）,以保留时间定性,内标法定量。结果该方法线性范围为0．05035-1．613mg／ml。相关系数r=0．9999,最低检测限（limit of detection,LOD）3．379μg／ml,分析方法平均回收率为98．24％～106．5％,日内精密度RSD〈2．2％,日间精密度RSD〈1．4％,总分析时间不超过18min。结论该方法可用于生物检材中乙醇及其相关物质的检测。     

Investigation of a typology of alcohol‐related violence defined by ultimate goals

Purpose. Alcohol‐related violence is a serious problem and treatments for high‐risk individuals need to be developed. Classification helps to route people into appropriate treatments. Drawing on animal research, we define alcohol‐related violence in relation to ultimate goals. We propose three types of violence: (1) violence in the pursuit of material goals, (2) violence in pursuit of social dominance goals, and (3) violence as defence in response to threat. The aim is to explore factors that we expect to relate to this tripartite typology, with the aim of providing a preliminary validation. Method. Participants were 149 young male prisoners who had committed an offence of violence that was alcohol related. Semi‐structured interviews elicited information about the offence that enabled classification into one of the three types. Differences between groups were examined at the event level – level of violence during the offence and alcohol consumption before the offence – and at group level – trait aggression, trait anxiety, anger control, and alcohol–aggression outcome expectancies. Results. No differences were found in levels of violence or alcohol consumption. Those whose violence was in the pursuit of material goals were high on trait aggression, trait anger, trait anxiety, and anger suppression. Those who used violence in the pursuit of social dominance showed high trait aggression and trait anger. Those whose violence was a defence in response to threat showed lower trait aggression and trait anger. Conclusion. The findings are discussed in relation to differential group profiles and treatment needs.     

自制与商业化抗人精液蛋白P30金标试剂条的法医学应用比较

目的　检测比较自制和商业销售的抗人精液蛋白P30 金标试剂条 ,探讨它们法医学应用的可靠性。方法　以人精液和人前列腺特异蛋白检测效价及灵敏度 ,以人阴道分泌物、人血清、人唾液和人初乳检测特异性 ,以保存不同年限的陈旧人精斑和斑痕类检材测定检验实际检材的能力。结果　自制抗人精液蛋白P30 金标试剂条效价及灵敏度与商业销售的试剂条中较好的基本相当 ,特异性则相当或好于商业试剂条 ,对非特异性测定均为阴性 ,而商业化试剂条则多有非特异性反应。结论　使用商业金标试剂条 ,要确定其是否合乎法医学检验标准与要求。     

Use of the isoelectric focusing method in examining hair proteins

Method of isoelectric focusing in thin and ultrathin layer of polyacrylamide gel followed by staining the polypeptide fractions with argentum was used to investigate human hair keratins. Method makes it possible to determine the polymorphism of keratins in hair even 1,5-2 cm long. It helps to obtain the additional information in medicolegal expertise of hair affinity.