An historical review of criminal abortion

Criminal abortion is rarely seen in modern Australia. This historical review examine cases seen in Brisbane during the period 1939 and 1947. Instrumentation or introduction of fluid into the uterus were the common causes of fatalities in this pre-penicillin era.     

Theorizing waste in abortion and fetal ovarian tissue use.

This article explores the theoretical implications of the concept of waste as it specifically relates to arguments in favour of fetal ovarian tissue use as a source of donor eggs. The author begins by discussing medico-scientific constructions of women's reproductive bodies as wasteful. The article explores the works of Drucilla Cornell on bodily borders, Julia Kristeva on abjection, and Mary Douglas on pollution to develop a nuanced understanding of the relations between waste, women's reproductivity, and abortion in North American mainstream and medico-scientific cultures. This layered reading of waste and abortion deconstructs a significant assumption of arguments in favour of fetal ovarian tissue use as ethical--that such tissue is just "waste." The author suggests that theorizing waste this way may contribute to ethical analyses of uses of other reproductive materials (that is, embryos) that are supported, in part, by an assumption that those materials would otherwise be "wasted."     

The role of state government in criminal justice higher education

Criminal justice higher education has grown rapidly beyond its early roots as subfields of sociology, social work, political science, and law. Programs, which are generally found at state institutions, are initiated at the institutional or state level and must be approved by campus governing bodies, who must be satisfied of the need, and by state legislatures, who must approve funding, and by separate coordinating councils. Influences such as the traditional vocational background of some of these programs, police training councils, associations of practitioners and educators, national organizations, and, to a lesser extent, students and minority groups, should be taken into consideration, but the responsibility of initiating programs should lie with the faculty members and their institutions. The state should then determine the need for graduates of such programs and should oversee the programs' continuity and quality.     

Academic credit for life experiences in criminal justice: Issues and concerns

This article focuses on awarding credit for life experiences (work experience, training, or other forms of experiential learning) in criminal justice education. The efficacy and consequences of this practice are explored in an attempt to delimit the issues and raise relevant questions that need to be explored in developing policies for awarding such credit. The authors raise questions concerning the definition of viable and relevant experiential learning and the process of evaluating life experiences. The article also discusses the need to consider a number of factors in implementing a credit-for- experiential-learning program; for example, the implications for “in-service” versus “preservice” students, extra-university regulations, the transferability of credit to other institutions, and the importance of a careful assessment of the overall impact on the criminal justice system and on criminal justice as an academic discipline.     

Forging the agenda: the 1819 select committee on the criminal laws revisited

This article revisits a crucial episode in the early nineteenth century criminal law reform debate: the appointment and report of the 1819 House of Commons select committee on capital punishment. This committee, which helped shape the reforms of the 1820s and 1830s, has traditionally been interpreted as the result of the campaign for penal reform in parliament over the preceding decade. This article argues that its origins and significance can only be understood by reference to the political circumstances of 1819 and the scandal surrounding the crime of forgery. This contextualized reading suggests new ways of approaching and understanding the early nineteenth century penal reform discourse.     

The state of the abortion problem in Western Europe

Trends in induced abortion in Western Europe are reviewed, with a focus on the period after World War II. Consideration is given to ethical questions, the movement toward legalization, and the views of the medical profession.     

Tribal law enforcement authority to enforce state laws

This paper summarizes the current status of the ability of tribal law enforcement officers to enforce state law in all states that have Indian country – defined in 18 U.S.C. § 1151 as any Indian reservation, dependent Indian communities, or Indian allotments – within their borders. It is important to understand the current status of those officers as their agencies look to improve public safety in their nations. First, for context, we provide a brief background on tribes and tribal law enforcement. Then, we present a summary of the legal jurisdictional challenges faced by tribal law enforcement. Finally, we analyze the current status of tribal law enforcement officers in each state and conclude with a summary and concluding remarks.     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

LL.B., Victoria University of Wellington 1969; J.S.M., Stanford University 1972.     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

Conclusion It follows from what has been said above that history, principle, and authority combine to compel the conclusion that § 80's guarantee of trial by jury precludes a verdict of guilty being returned in a trial upon indictment of an offence against a law of the Commonwealth otherwise than by the agreement or consensus of all the jurors. That being so, § 57 of the Juries Act, 1927, cannot, consistently with § 80, operate to authorize the conviction of either of the appellants by a majority verdict. Their convictions were unconstitutional and must be set aside.The appeal should be allowed. The orders of the South Australian Court of Criminal Appeal should be set aside and in lieu thereof it should be ordered, in the case of each appellant, that the appeal to that court be allowed, that the conviction be quashed and a new trial ordered.B.A., Columbia University 1972; J.D., Hofstra University 1975.