警事治理:国家警事社会化的新定义

治理理论对国家与市民社会关系的认识思路是国家和市民社会相互"型塑"达致社会公共事务管理的"善治"。在国内外警务战略模式变革中成为潮流的"国家警事社会化"战略,是指在警察机关专业警务活动的同时,动员社会组织和社区公众共同参与防控违法犯罪、维护社会治安秩序活动的过程。显然,"国家警事社会化"寻求警察与社会组织及社区公众的互动合作基础上公共安全管理的改善。因为警察与国家的对应、社会组织及公众正是市民社会的具象,所以可以用治理理论作为分析"国家警事社会化"的框架,并将其定义为"警事治理"。     

Patterns of Policing and Policing Patten

In September 1999 the Independent Commission on Policing in Northern Ireland, chaired by Chris Patten, published its recommendations. This article examines the political context of policing reform, the contents of the report and the rejection of its core ideas in the Police (Northern Ireland) Bill published in May 2000. The central argument of the paper is that the Commission's radical model of policing – a network of regulating mechanisms in which policing becomes everyone's business – failed, because it gave insufficient attention, like much modern writing on policing, to the role of the state and the vested interests within policing. The overall outcome is that the Patten Commission has been effectively policed and Northern Ireland will be left with a traditional, largely undemocratic and unaccountable model of policing with most of the control resting with the Secretary of State and the Chief Constable.     

Policing: The patrol sergeants’ perspective

Implementing community policing is a complex and difficult task for police departments. Patrol sergeants are essential in accomplishing any organizational change and so their observations should be used to modify and finetune community policing efforts. A group of twenty patrol sergeants were interviewed regarding the change strategies which helped or hurt implementation of community policing. Several statistical analyses are discussed with age being the only factor which was significantly related to supervisor’s attitudes toward community policing.     

Complex Harmony: The Military and Professional Models of Policing

This article discusses the importance of the military model throughout police reform, and how it has coexisted with, rather than been supplanted by, the professional model. Early reformers chose the military upon which to structure their concept of the urban police. That concept was refashioned into the professional model as the background of the reformers changed. This new model then replaced the military model in criminal justice literature, public vernacular, and police self-image, although the military model continued to exist under the radar. Today the “militarization of the police” is a major criminal justice topic, but its recent visibility is actually an ongoing part of the original reform ideal.

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Policing Soviet Society: The Evolution of State Control

The Soviet militsiia (regular police) has evolved in the past 70 years from a feeble body seeking to ensure the survival of Soviet rule to a massive bureaucracy corrupted by nearly absolute power. As the Soviet militia has developed the focus of its activities, its ethos, professionalism, and its relationship to both the Party and KGB have changed in all periods, the militia has had political, economic, and social responsibilities, but the balance among the three has wed depending on the conditions of the state.
The militia, like the Soviet state, is currently in crisis. It remains an instrument of the party that is losing its legitimacy among the population. Perestroika's objective of making institutions subordinate to the law is a sharp deviation from existing practice. But even if the militsiia responds to these new expectations, because of the demands of a centrally planned socialist state the regular police will remain we intrusive into the lives of the citizenry than are police in Western democratic societies.     

The Dilemma of Civil Prosecutorial Protest System

2007年修改的《民事诉讼法》及相关司法解释未从根本上完善民事抗诉制度.法学界关于民事抗诉制度的争论一直末达成共识.制度缺陷和理论争辩使民事抗诉制度陷于存与废的纠结之中.民事抗诉制度仍有存续的必要;强化之路在于民事抗诉权与刑事检察权的有机结合.     

民事抗诉制度的尴尬

2007年修改的《民事诉讼法》及相关司法解释未从根本上完善民事抗诉制度。法学界关于民事抗诉制度的争论一直未达成共识。制度缺陷和理论争辩使民事抗诉制度陷于存与废的纠结之中。民事抗诉制度仍有存续的必要;强化之路在于民事抗诉权与刑事检察权的有机结合。     

论政府采购投诉人的范围

解读WTO《政府采购协议》（GPA）规定可以发现,其对政府采购投诉人范围的最低要求是,给予那些在相关政府采购过程中拥有利益的包括实际参与供应商和潜在供应商在内的直接供应商以投诉权.在我国,依《招标投标法》及其配套法规规定,政府采购投诉人既包括直接供应商亦包括间接供应商;而依《政府采购法》及其配套法规规定,可能只有直接供应商中的实际参与供应商有权提出质疑投诉.给予那些在相关采购过程中拥有利益的直接供应商和部分间接供应商（包括分包商和联合投标体成员）以政府采购投诉权,更为合宜.