法学教育中的法律伦理教育问题研究

从法律的内在价值要求、我国法治建设中存在的问题,提出法律伦理教育是我国法学教育不可或缺的重要组成部分.法律伦理包括蕴含在法律制度中的制度伦理与法律职业者在职业活动中的法律行为伦理即职业道德两部分.法律伦理教育的目标就是要把学生培养成为具有健全的法律伦理人格,有助于法律终极目标实现的"社会医生".这一目标的实现有赖于法学教育理念的重构和法学教学方法的转变.目前,开展法律伦理教育面临的障碍主要有思想认识上的偏颇,社会"道德滑坡"的大环境以及法律国家主义的影响等.     

试论我国社会法的基本范畴

社会法,是指调整国家和人民之间社会给付权利义务关系的法律规范的总称。社会法是在社会保障法的基础上发展起来,并超越了社会保障法的给付模式和给付水平。社会法在性质上属于公法,并且以社会给付为核心。我国社会法的体系宜分为“社会预防制度”、“社会扶助制度”、“社会促进制度”与“社会补偿制度”四大板块,这四大板块与社会给付程序法及社会救济法构成了一个有机的社会法体系。它们在维护社会安全、促进社会公正上发挥着相互衔接、互相补充的功能,并形成一张安全网,保障个人在遭受各种风险时的生存和发展机会。     

Reconfiguring Law: An Ethnographic Perspective from Botswana

Using two marital disputes, this article examines women's experiences in bringing legal claims regarding family property in Botswana. It highlights the ways women draw on diverse economic and social resources available to them through their differing positions within gendered social networks that shape daily life and affect the ability to access and manipulate a legal system incorporating Tswana customary law and European law. The divergent discourses among women and between women and men document how the administrative and theoretical separation of legal systems does not extend to people's uses of the law in arranging their own lives. This analysis challenges the formalist model of legal pluralism by demonstrating that legal arguments are constructed from the gendered social and economic facts of individuals'lives that traverse the legal categories of European and customary law. It also contributes to feminist legal scholarship by explicitly marking the links among gender, power, and law.     

比较法学的目的和方法论

比较法学的目的和方法论是比较法研究中存在诸多争议的论题,在比较法发展的不同阶段对此有不同的认识。风行一时的功能性比较方法存在许多缺陷和盲点。比较法的方法应当是比较不同法律制度的客观存在的异同点,其目的在于通过了解外国法律制度更正确地认识本国的法律制度,而不是移植外国法律。比较法学的研究应当紧密结合本国的社会经济条件、文化传统和历史习惯。     

刑法关怀与刑法解释

刑法应体现法律之公平善良的特质 ,刑法关怀是指刑法对自然人、社会组织及社会所给予的刑法关注、刑法抵御和刑法保护 ,刑法解释即有权解释 ,是指有权机关依据一定原则使用法定方法对法律文本所作的阐释 ,是连结刑事立法与刑法适用的纽带和中介 ,是折射和反映刑法关怀的最佳视角。欠缺刑法关怀的刑法解释在一定程度上说可能是合法的但未必是合理的。从刑法关怀的维度审视我国现有的刑法解释 ,一方面在于把刑法关怀坚持到底 ,另一方面在于反思刑法解释的真正科学的定位 ,由此建立合法合理的刑法解释体系。     

经济法与社会法关系初探

社会法作为寓于法律社会化过程中的公法与私法相融合的第三法域 ,在其发展到一定阶段 ,出现了作为经济领域法律社会化现象的经济法。因而 ,一方面 ,经济法具有广义社会法的基本属性 ;另一方面 ,经济法与狭义社会法之间 ,各自所对应的国家干预在范围、宗旨和手段上都不尽相同 ,但在经济与社会趋于一体化的现代市场经济体制中 ,需要完善其功能的配合。     

The Social Movement Turn in Law

The rise of social movements in US legal scholarship is a current response to an age‐old problem in progressive legal thought: harnessing law for social change while maintaining a distinction between law and politics. This problem erupted in controversy around the civil rights–era concept of legal liberalism defined by activist courts and lawyers pursuing political reform through law. Contemporary legal scholars have responded by building on social science to develop a new concept—movement liberalism—that assigns leadership of transformative change to social movements to preserve conventional roles for courts and lawyers. Movement liberalism aims to achieve the lost promise of progressive reform, while avoiding critiques of legal activism that have divided scholars for a half‐century. Yet rather than resolving the law‐politics problem, movement liberalism reproduces long‐standing debates, carrying forward critical visions of law that it seeks to transcend.     

严格依法办事：经由形式正义的实质法治观

依法办事理念作为法治公信力建设的关键所在,应当受到认真对待,在解释学的阐述下,其将展现出全新的、非简单化的意蕴。在严格依法办事的主体上,应在执法者、司法者之外增加公民与其他社会主体,并坚持一种“交互主体性”的法律实施观。在严格依法办事的过程中,应把握好严格规则主义与法律解释、法律效果与社会效果、形式正义与实质正义的关系,并创新法律实施机制。在严格依法办事的对象上,应处理好“恶法”实施问题及法律体系与体系外规范的关系,并开展依法治法、法典化运动,重点解决有法难依问题。严格依法办事的良性运作需要我们在法治现实主义的引导下,坚持良法之治,走一条“经由形式正义的实质法治”之路。     

假劣疫苗刑法规制的回应性与整全性

长春长生疫苗事件导致出现社会信任危机与社会恐慌,有鉴于此,国家提出“完善疫苗药品刑事法律制度”。法律与社会之间存在着互动关系,社会复杂性的增长需要并促进法律结构的变迁,法律的变化又导致重大社会变化。因此假劣疫苗的刑法规制,不只是满足一种专业需要,更要满足社会需要,承担社会整合功能。作为整全性的法律,要求保持协调一致性及价值的融贯性。假劣疫苗的刑法规制,既要与假劣药犯罪相协调,又要与刑法典相协调,还要在整个法律体系中与《疫苗管理法》《药品管理法》相协调。疫苗刑法制度的修改完善,承担着回应社会和价值融贯的追求,既是法律问题,也是道德问题。     

经济法学科学化的法教义学路径

科学化是经济法学科发展的关键。法教义学呈现了法律科学的逻辑性、体系性和可验证性的基本要素,为经济法学的科学化提供了体系化的可能路径。根据法教义学"价值-规范-事实"的研究框架,在价值层面,经济法的社会功能是一种社会对国家经济治理权的想象和期待,旨在以正当、合理的经济介入方式维持和恢复经济系统的良序运行,经济介入的积极形式是培育市场功能条件,消极形式是对经济系统自主运行失序状态的纠正。在规范层面,经济法律规范体系可分解为四组经济法教义学的"理想类型",从而构建起由社会功能、公正优先和法律义务三个要素组成的法律命题体系。在事实层面,经济法应实现立法的体系化与司法的操作化,达成法教义与法治实践的良性互动。     

The Languages of the Law: An Integrated View From Vico and Conceptual Metaphor Theory

Work on the relation between figurative language and the law is a fairly recent trend, within legal discourse studies, linguistics, and semiotics. The work in conceptual metaphor theory, for example, is starting to unpack the underlying metaphorical and metonymic structure of legal language, producing some new and important insights into the nature of this language. Missing from this emerging line of inquiry are the views of the Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico, who was the first to understand the power of figurative language in the creation of symbolic systems, like language and the law. His tripartite evolutionary model of language shows that there is not one language of the law, but three “languages.” By integrating Vico’s model with the work in conceptual metaphor theory it will be possible to penetrate the underlying conceptual structure of legal discourse and thus lead to a more insightful science of this discourse.     

A Biosemiotic Body of Law: The Neurobiology of Justice

We offer a theory regarding the symbolism of the human body in legal discourse. The theory blends legal theory, the neuroscience of empathy, and biosemiotics, a branch of semiotics that combines semiotics with theoretical biology. Our theory posits that this symbolism of the body is not solely a metaphor or semiotic sign of how law is cognitively structured in the mind. We propose that it also signifies neurobiological mechanisms of social emotion in the brain that are involved in the social and moral decision-making and behavior that law generally seeks to govern. Specifically, we hypothesize that the symbol of a collective human body in the language of law signifies neural mechanisms of pain empathy which generate a virtual, neurally simulated, emotional sense of sharing the feelings or pain of others and of thereby being one-in-body with or virtually equal to them. We speculate that this may be the neural basis of what is signified in legal and political theory as the “body politic” or “sense of equality,” because neuroscience and psychiatry further suggest that such pain empathy may provide the natural, emotional motivation to think and act in a rights-based manner. We conclude that misunderstanding of these neural mechanisms of pain empathy and related misinterpretation of this corporeal symbolism for the same may have long resulted in legal discourse that misinterprets the function of “pain” in the law and misinterprets the associated positive law, specifically the law regarding individual, equality-based rights and criminal justice, in particular, punishment theory.     

论经济法域中的利益平衡

利益具有尺度的功能,它衡量人类活动的有效性,也衡量法律的正当性。由于不同的目的、精神与价值取向,在我国法律体系中的每一个法律部门都侧重保护不同的利益层次与结构。民商法以保护个人利益为本位,行政法以保护国家利益为本位,经济法旗帜鲜明的以保护社会利益为本位。经济法对社会利益的关怀,要求它必须在个人、国家、社会之间进行利益的平衡与调整。     

社会整体利益的法律维度--经济法基石范畴解读

社会整体利益是经济法的基石范畴。因其与个体利益、国家利益之间的复杂关联 ,在以往经济法学的研究中被严重“误读”。从法哲学维度对其进行重新解读 ,首先应当明确社会整体利益以个体利益的存在为前提 ,绝大多数社会主体共同的欲求即为社会整体利益 ,并且要将其与国家利益作严格区分。对东西方法治秩序的演化分别进行考察 ,可以发现两者的侧重点不同 ,因而各自的法律制度及其演化亦有差别。经济法所体现和维护的社会整体利益的实现 ,有赖于个体利益的最大化、普遍化和持续化以及相应制度的构建     

论法律的确定性与不确定性

崇尚法律的确定性,是西方法学界一个悠久的学术传统。20世纪以来,西方法学界关于这一问题的立场发生了根本转变,转而强调法律的不确定性。在法律运行的过程中,存在着多种不确定性因素,包括法律标准的不确定性、事实认定的不确定性、司法人员个性的不确定性和其他社会因素的不确定性等四个方面。无论是法律的确定性,还是法律的不确定性,都是相对的,而且,二者都蕴藏着一定的社会价值。     

法律移植问题探讨

法律移植概念为舶来语 ,应理解为对外来法的继受。法律移植是自古贯今人类法制史上的普遍现象。有六种因素影响法律移植 :经济因素、政治因素、民族因素、地理因素、社会因素、宗教因素。当代世界法律移植有两个新趋向 :法律走向国际统一化和以经济法律移植为主。在我国移植外来法中应注意 :优先考虑法学理论的移植 ,移植先进的法制 ,移植周密完善的法制。     

社会法的部门法哲学反思

社会法的产生机理、演化变革、功能发展、性质或本体、社会法问题代沟与制度需求、主要理论范式等深层次的反思性问题,应在部门法哲学意义上得到关注,应予以跨学科、批判性的研究。社会法的产生机理在于社会保护本能和社会理性,形成了本文所称的"市场化运动推之,社会保护运动挽之"的制衡关系。其性质为构成维系现代产权制度、经济秩序与保障社会权利之间的社会对价关系或新型社会契约。社会法相关的"问题代沟"理论具有广泛的解释力。中国同时面临三代社会法问题,制度需求强烈,应以全球正在探索的第三代社会法为主要资源,科学建构社会法;借鉴多学科理论范式建构社会法法哲学。     

Making the Case for Socio‐legal Research in Land Law: Renner and the Law of Mortgage

The aim of this article is to enhance knowledge of and to encourage further research into two areas not traditionally the subject of socio‐legal research, namely, the work of Karl Renner and the English law of mortgage, for three reasons. First, an account of them supports the proposition that a true understanding of law requires knowledge of its origins, content, and function. Second, Renner's theory can contribute significantly to our understanding of law by offering an alternative to the polarized debate between legal autopoiesis and other sociological conceptions of law. Third, it has much to tell us about the relationship between legal and social change. In particular, Renner's work suggests that those seeking legal reform should look not to the legislature, but to those capable of influencing its ‘social function’. Those frustrated by the lack of doctrinal reform within the law of mortgage can take heart, therefore, from the continual process of change evident in its social function. Ultimately, however, further socio‐legal research is required, for a more developed understanding of the law of mortgage.     

法治文化的几个理论问题

党的十七届六中全会强调文化建设,将推进法律文化、法治文化的研究。法治文化是指包含民主、人权、平等、自由、正义、公平等价值在内的人类优秀法律文化类型;法治文化由表层结构和深层结构组成,前者包括法律规范、法律制度、法律组织机构、法律设施等,后者包括法律心理、法律意识、法律思想体系。法治文化就是法律的意识形态和与其相适应的社会制度和组织机构。一般来说,观念支配行为,思想决定行动,而良好的制度和规范又影响和塑造着人们的思想观念体系。法治文化建设就是制度性文化建设与观念性文化建设的结合和互动。法治文化建设既应该高度重视法律制度的建设,也要高度重视对公民观念的塑造和提高。     

经济法与社会法关系考察

社会法与经济法的关系是一个具有相当理论与现实意义的问题。社会法是指国家为了救助弱者、反对歧视而制定的调整具有普遍社会意义的关系的法律规则的总称。社会法的调整领域主要包括四方面 ,社会正义理论等构成了其产生基础。经济法和社会法是第三法域下两个并行的部门法 ,两者在产生时间、目标、调整对象、公平观、调整方式等多方面存在不同。经济法和社会法应当协调发展、相互配合