Minority manipulation in colonial Indochina: Lessons and legacies

Abstract

As one student of the ethnohistory of the highlands of Indochina, Hickey, has written, the French “penetration” of Kontum, Ban Me Thuot, and Dalat had achieved a certain success by the beginning of the First World War. Central to the viability of the French colonial project of economic exploitation in the highlands was the need for road construction and other public works, including labor for privately owned French plantations. Not only did the subject peoples of the remote villages of the interior—broadly designated Montagnards in this essay—find themselves obliged to pay taxes, but they were also expected by the French to provide corvée labor or labor dues (prestation). Colonialism indubitably demands the services of local collaborators, and such was the case in the highlands where local chiefs were vested with new authority by the French administration. Even though by the 1930s the French “pacification” of the interior had reduced armed opposition to the nuisance level, pacification's twin imperative of administrative penetration of the conquered zones and peoples posed equally serious ethical questions.     

泰国的阿卡人

阿卡人是泰国的一个少数民族,居住在泰国北部地区。作为泰国的一个山地民族,阿卡人有它自己独特的语言习俗和历史文化。本文拟对此作一简要论述。     

越南饮食俗语蕴涵的社会文化

越南饮食俗语内容丰富,教益性强。文章拟从其中蕴涵的越民族传统民俗礼仪、道德文化及其体现的文化传承、社会教化功能做一探讨,旨在在进一步学习越南俗语和加深对越南传统文化理解的基础上,促进跨文化的学习与交流。     

发展中的越南旅游业

越南旅游业起步虽晚,但发展速度却相当快,发展优势十分明显.资金不足和管理不善是制约越南旅游业发展的主要因素,这两大问题若能解决,越南旅游业定会走上一个新台阶.     

The origins of the Vietnamese revolution: Taking the long view

Abstract

Americans knew little about Vietnam when they assumed command of the Indochina War in 1954. There were no American scholars who devoted their careers to its study, and, with the exception of Virginia Thompson's French Indochina and a few other works, there was no American body of work on the subject. And so, to better understand the political and social forces confronting them, Americans took possession of the entire French work on Vietnam as part of their legacy of war. Thus, as the first American scholars began to study the Vietnamese revolution, they built on the foundation laid by decades of French scholarly effort.     

The Chancellor's forgotten blunder: Konrad Adenauer's foundation for refugees and expellees

Adenauer's major political mistakes towards the end of his political career are fairly well remembered but hardly anyone recalls his disastrous attempt to set up a foundation for refugees and expellees prior to the 1953 general elections. This article explains the reasons for the establishment and its failure but also the reasons why this blunder is hardly remembered anymore although it is a prime example of Adenauer's thinking and realpolitische acting.     

The Vietnamese experience and the third world

Abstract

Based on Vietnam's experience over the past years, I wish to make some general observations about development in the third world. The major consideration, though not the sole one, for my treating such a topic is undoubtedly my own participation in the Vietnamese experience and my personal familiarity with many of the aspects involved. Furthermore, the historical process has moved so fast over the past years in Vietnam that my country has passed rapidly through a succession of different phases. Over a period of 15 years, an adult would have lived under totally different social, political and economic regimes, directly experiencing such important movements as a war of national liberation, land reform, and the transition from a colonial and feudal regime to an independent and finally socialist state.     

越南经济现状及发展趋势

进入新世纪以来,越南经济迅速发展,经济结构和经济增长质量大为改善,国家财政收入稳步增长,金融状况有所好转,投资环境得到改善,社会投资踊跃,已基本走出基础差、积累少的困境.虽然越南经济仍面临极大的挑战,但其基础已经稳固,同时世界经济形势的好转也为越南经济发展提供了机遇,越南未来经济发展潜力巨大,前景乐观.     

The Vietnamese People Resolutely Support the Chilean People

Scholars disagree over the consequences of economic reforms on regional inequality in China. This article has found that dramatic disparities exist among the provinces in China's coastal region. While coastal provinces like Jiangsu have experienced dramatic growth, the relative position of Liaoning has declined, and Shanghai has experienced a decline and a recent recovery. These changing patterns of growth have contributed to the decline of interprovincial inequality, but led to the rise of the coast-interior divide in China. The analysis of the diverse coastal provinces is critical to improve the understanding of regional inequality in China.     

泰国南传佛教的早期传播分析

泰民族为追求解脱而选择南传佛教,庇护思想与制度的形成、短期制出家习俗的流行推动其传播和发展.素可泰初期佛教开始传播,但发展缓慢,直到素可泰后期,特别是阿育陀耶王朝萨迪纳制度改革中,官员的短期制出家习俗制度化以后才有较大的发展.19世纪后期萨迪纳土地制度解体,泰国南传佛教步入现代发展轨道.     

简析泰国皇家学术院在泰国标准语发展中的作用

泰语是泰国的标准语,泰国皇家学术院作为泰国在语言规划和语言政策方面最具权威性的官方研究机构,对泰语的发展起了重要作用,其地位相当于法国的法兰西学院和西班牙的塞万提斯学院。本文主要从泰语标准的规范、新词汇的认定、泰语的宣传和保护以及对国家语言政策的制定提供依据等方面简要分析泰国皇家学术院对泰语的发展所起的作用。     

The National Liberation Front and the transformation of Vietnamese society

Abstract

Like vultures swarming over a dying carcass, American establishment intellectuals have been swift to dissect the agonizing war in Vietnam. Yet poring through the massive scholarly, journalistic and official works heralding American attempts to crush the Vietnamese resistance, one is struck by the void of information concerning the National Liberation Front. The enemy remains almost as elusive in the literature as in the swamps of Vietnam. After more than a decade of fighting, the NLF is virtually as ‘faceless,’ unknown, unfathomable as ever to the American people. Indeed a careful search reveals not a single significant scholarly work on the subject. In the absence of independent scholarship, the officially sanctioned work of Douglas Pike, an officer of the United States Information Service with long tenure in Vietnam, has gone virtually unchallenged. Consider Pike's conclusions about the NFL:     

泰国的禁毒运动

制毒、贩毒和吸毒是当今世界最大的公害之一。它跟艾滋病、恐怖主义一样,是人类的大敌。目前全世界毒品的种植、生产和消费仍呈蔓延和发展的趋势,毒品问题已成为全球性的问题,几乎没有一个国家能幸免于难。地处世界著名毒源“金三角”的泰国,更是在劫难逃,长期受到毒品的危害和困扰,可以说,毒品已成为泰国国家安全与稳定的主要威胁之一。他信政府自2001年2月上台执政以来,把禁毒作为与脱贫、治贪并列的三大施政目标之一。他信认为,毒品是泰国当前的大敌,防毒反毒是政府的当务之急,提出了向“毒品宣战”的口号。近三年,由于措施得力,行动果断,所以扫毒工作战果累累。泰国政府禁毒的成功将不仅造福于全体泰国人民,也将为整个亚洲乃至全世界的禁毒斗争做出历史性贡献。