独立前夕东帝汶的政治与经济

东帝汶的革命还未结束 ,新的考验就已经出现 :外国投资不足、官员以权谋私、政治意见分歧等等。这些问题解决得如何将对东帝汶的未来有着重要影响。     

荆棘与鲜血之路通向何方?

本文首先回顾了东帝汶问题形成的历史,其次将１９９８ 年６ 月以来东帝汶问题的发展分为三个阶段,即讨论自治问题阶段、讨论独立问题阶段和实现投票公决阶段,并从东帝汶本地区的形势、印尼国内状况、国际社会影响三方面分析了印尼政府改变对东帝汶政策的原因。文章的第三部分着重分析了影响东帝汶独立问题的主要因素,指出印尼国内政治对于东帝汶问题的解决发挥着重要作用     

浅析东帝汶阿尔卡蒂里政府的合法性问题

2006年的东帝汶骚乱凸现了阿尔卡蒂里政府的合法性危机,政府也因此而垮台.合法性包括规范要素、程序要素、绩效以及同意四个要素,如果其中一个要素缺乏,就会引发合法性危机.阿尔卡蒂里政府是随着东帝汶的独立而成立的,得到了国际和国内社会的同意,并且是由选民依宪法选举而产生的.然而,作为东帝汶的首届政府,它并未能有效解决民众最为需要的民生问题,特别是经济绩效低下,最终引起民众认同危机而导致垮台.     

Review essay: Recent books on Indonesia's occupation of East Timor and the East Timorese struggle for self-determination

Abstract

East Timor is the site of one of the great genocides since World War II. Out of a population of about 700,000 at the time of East Timor's brief independence, about 200,000 people have died as a result of the Indonesian invasion and the ensuing war, politically created famine, and the ongoing occupation. From the time of the Indonesian invasion on 7 December 1975 until January 1989 Jakarta kept East Timor closed. Apart from official foreign delegations, some international aid workers, and a limited number of journalists, few were able to enter the territory. On 27 December 1988 the Indonesian authorities accorded East Timor open-territory status following a one-day visit in November to the territory by Indonesian president Suharto. Jakarta was keen on encouraging foreign and “domestic” (Indonesian) investment in its “twenty-seventh province” as well as presenting an image to the outside world of normalcy in East Timor. On both accounts, Jakarta has largely failed in its objectives. The ongoing resistance by the East Timorese people to Indonesian hegemony and the concomitant political instability in East Timor as well as the relative poverty and isolation of the territory have prevented the influx of private capital. In terms of international opinion, the “opening up” of East Timor has not helped to suppress the image of the brutal nature of Indonesia's illegal occupation of the territory.     

Australian Reporting from East Timor 1975–1999: Journalists as Agents of Change

This article examines Australian reporting in East Timor from 1975 to 1999, and the changing professional practice of Australian journalists who reported from the region during this time. Research conducted for this article includes testimony from the journalists, and a collating of 3,456 newspaper articles published in the mainstream Australian press on the East Timor situation between 1998 and 1999. It will show that in addition to new regulations over access to the region, new mobile media technologies pushed journalism in new directions, adding to the ability of the journalist to facilitate instantaneous delivery of news to Australia. These reports filed by Australian journalists from East Timor were crucial in fostering the Australian government's decision to send troops to the region.     

Secret Intelligence And Escape Clauses: Australia and the Indonesian Annexation of East Timor, 1963-76

In September 2000 the Australian government declassified thousands of pages of documents concerning the Indonesian invasion and annexation of East Timor in 1975. Some 68,000 pages of documents were released. About 2,600 pages of diplomatic documents were withheld, along with Cabinet papers, intelligence materials, and Defence Department records. The documents cover only the period from early 1974 to mid-1976 and do not document the Indonesian war and its human costs. What they do document is the process whereby Australia acquiesced in the Indonesian annexation of East Timor. Above all, they show that secret briefings by the Indonesians kept the Australian government closely informed of Indonesian intentions and operations at every step. In the light of these secret briefings and related documents, it is clear that Prime Minister Gough Whitlam's claim that he wanted to see a “genuine act of self-determination” by the East Timorese is and always was hollow. This was a fig leaf covering his desire to see East Timor incorporated into Indonesia as West Papua had been in the 1960s. Its patina of moral responsibility and legal respectability were his alibi or, as Richard Woolcott put it in late 1974, “escape clause,” if and when Indonesian actions led to accusations of Australian complicity with Jakarta. Mr. Whitlam was complicit. The record is clear.     

日本对中东能源政策的调整及其走势

受制于国内能源结构的重组和国际能源供求结构变化的影响,日本对中东能源政策做了一系列调整.面向未来,日本为确保中东石油进口的安全,将以政府援助为先导、民间合作为基础,谋求建立互利双赢的合作关系,并将力促中东融入世界经济体系,以保证其国际能源供求体系的安全运作.     

The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975-79, and East Timor, 1975-80

In this research note Ben Kiernan, director of the Genocide Studies Program at Yale University (www.yale.edu/gsp), scrutinizes estimates of the number of people killed in the two most recent cases of genocidal mass murder in Southeast Asia: Cambodia and East Timor. He concludes that the two cases were proportionately comparable, though many more people died in Cambodia. Each tragedy took the lives of over one-fifth of the population.     

Indonesian West Timor: The political-economy of emerging ethno-nationalism

Encouraged by the post-Soeharto atmosphere of reform and regional autonomy legislation proposed under Habibie, the aspirations of Indonesia's regional elites have been stirred. Yet prosperity has remained elusive for many amidst continuing economic decline and as an unreformed military continues to threaten the business ambitions of regional elites. In West Timor, one of the poorest parts of Indonesia, local elites have had to contend with the added burden of the fallout from the 1999 pro-integrationist military operation in East Tindonesian military-trained tormentors, the West Timorese have paid highly for independence in the East and sufmor. Beginning with the need to host the quarter-million East Timorese refugees who fled West accompanied by their Ifered enduring economic malaise. This is reflected in the devastation of tourism and foreign investment, the suspension of major aid projects, the severing of the air-link to Northern Australia and a United Nations high-security alert in force since 2000. This crisis in which the aspirations of regional elites have been thwarted by the neglect and incapacity of central government and by the nature and political agenda of the Indonesian military elites, has provoked several reactions. As some West Timorese elites have lobbied for a share of the East Timorese petroleum revenues, the discovery of an essential Timorese-ness by others has been manifested in the ethno-nationalist Negara Timor Raya (Nation of the Land of Timor) movement.     

Recent books on the East

The following paper was discovered by Laurence Evans, Professor of History at the State University of New York at Binghamton, during the course of research in the files of the Department of State (to which Department the paper had been made available in 1918 for use as background information by the American Delegation at the Peace Conference), and Professor Evans has kindly communicated it to the Society. Its contents are not included in the book on Mecca which Snouk published in German, and it is not among the scattered articles in Verspreide Geschriften (1923–27). That collection does, however, include another essay about Ahmad Dahlan, in Dutch, entitled “Een rector der Mekkaansche universiteit”, originally contributed to a learned journal and reprinted in vol. 111, pp. 65–122. [We are printing this paper in good faith believing it to be previously unpublished. Ed.]     

东亚意识与东亚秩序

东亚意识的内涵包括共有的价值观念和共有的利益观念.东亚意识有两个主要的功能:"我们性"的认同和东亚意识的社会化.未来东亚社会秩序的构建根本上取决于东亚意识的社会化程度、中日关系的和谐发展和美国在东亚的影响力.东亚认同还处于萌芽状态,日本在历史问题上的"清算意识"还很缺乏,美国的经济和军事实力还将在东亚长期存在.因此,可以预见,东亚意识的社会化将会经历一个曲折复杂的过程,新的东亚社会秩序也不会在短期内实现.但是一个高度认同,以中日关系、东北亚和东南亚和谐发展为特征的新的东亚社会秩序将会为未来东亚地区的和平发展带来持久的动力,因此,东亚国家应该为实现这一目标共同努力.     

东亚合作暨东亚思想库网络成立大会在京举行

受外交部委托 ,中国社会科学院亚太研究所主办的东亚合作暨东亚思想库网络成立大会于 9月 2 9日至 30日在北京召开。来自文莱、柬埔寨、中国、印度尼西亚、日本、韩国、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、菲律宾、新加坡、泰国、越南以及东盟秘书处的近百名学者参加了会议。中国国务委员唐家璇在大会开幕式上讲话 ,代表中国政府表达了对东亚思想库网络成立的大力支持。与会学者对东亚合作进程和东亚思想库网络的建设等问题进行了深入、热烈的讨论。在东亚合作进程方面 ,与会学者一致认为东亚合作进程虽然开始较晚 ,但已取得很大进展 ,并且得到包括美国…     

East African Development

This article represents the bulk of the speech by the Kenyapolitician now member of the E. African Central Assembly, toa joint meeting with the Royal Empire Society, under the Chairmanshipof Roger Norton, C.M.G., O.B.E., the East African Commissionerin London.