欧盟综合海事政策及对我国的启示

欧盟委员会于2007年10月10日公布了《欧盟综合海事政策》蓝皮书,《欧盟综合海事政策》蓝皮书将可持续发展理念通过政策、机构改革、机制创新、法律实施等多层次体现出来,实现海洋事业可持续发展理念,从而全面建立起欧盟综合海事政策。本文主要对欧盟综合海事政策进行研究分析.并结合中国当前海洋事业管理体制的情况法发表了相关见解。     

欧盟能源法律政策及其对我国的启示

欧盟能源法律与政策以可持续性、竞争性和供应安全性为主要目标,其法律制度由涉及能源问题的各类条约和欧盟各机构在能源领域所制定的各种条例、指令、决定及建议和意见等组成;而其能源政策主要体现在执委会所发布的各种能源问题的绿皮书中。它们对中国能源安全的维护具有重要的借鉴作用。     

新中国农村教育发展的政策经验

新中国农村教育的发展离不开教育政策的指引.教育政策对教育发展起着特别重要的影响与作用.60余年农村教育发展积淀了丰富的政策经验,这些“经验”反映出中国农村教育发展的亮点与特色,也由此开拓出农村教育发展的“中国式”道路.农村教育的政策经验寓含着政策代价,是与不断正视和不断克服农村教育发展中的政策问题相联系.深入总结和认识农村教育政策经验,对于推进新世纪农村教育的新发展具有强烈的现实意义.     

欧盟可再生能源法律与政策及其对我国的启示

随着传统能源的消耗和环境污染的加重,开发和利用可再生能源成为各国政府刺激经济的重要手段。欧盟一直是环境保护和防止气候变化的倡导者和主要推动力量,在相关法律和政策方面比较侧重于解决环境污染、全球气候变暖等方面的问题。欧盟的可再生能源法律与政策中包括许多可再生能源方面的技术性法律法规与政策等。而在我国,可再生能源的发展还处于刚刚起步阶段。虽然颁布了《可再生能源法》,已经取得初步成绩,但我国作为能源消耗大国,能源问题和环境问题日益突出,可再生能源法律与政策仍有待完善。     

浅谈中国监狱政策之思想教育

监狱是国家刑罚执行机关,是国家机器的重要组成部分。基于监狱的这一狭义概念,本文通过对监狱政策中思想教育的历史分析,指出了我国监狱政策特别是思想教育政策中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策和措施以求对监狱管理有所帮助。     

论我国教师教育政策研究

改革开放以来,中国大陆教师教育政策研究取得了可喜的进展与成就,研究数量日渐增多、研究主题日益丰富,研究视角日趋多元、研究方法日显多样。未来研究需进一步夯实教师教育政策的基础理论研究,加强科学、严谨的政策过程研究,拓展和丰富多学科视角的研究,在新教育公平理论视野中开展教师教育政策及实践研究,以期在教师教育改革与发展的现实决策中充分发挥有价值、负责任的智囊、参谋作用。     

中国企业针对欧盟环境政策战略

如今欧盟在全世界范围内有最发达的地方性环境保护制度。欧盟作为国际环境协议中重要的成员,积极参与国际环境法律的立法活动,因此欧盟的27个同盟国家也严格受其约束。对近年来欧盟在环境方面采取的措施所作的研究表明,充分体现共同意志的共同协商方式已成为普遍手段。欧盟的环境政策和环境法对中国企业的贸易来往有着重要的影响,对此本文进行了关于中国企业如何对应并解决这一问题的研究。     

对我国现行教育政策的几点思考

教育不公平现象是目前阻碍我国社会进步的一大顽疾,而其中教育政策的制定与实施对教育公平起关键的作用,但长期以来教育政策制定与运行过程中的受益人缺席状态,使这一问题持续处于尴尬局面。因而务必改变受益人缺席状态,构建公平教育政策体系,在教育政策中贯彻矫正平等和补偿平等的原则。     

欧盟环境政策与竞争法的关系探析及启示

随着环境问题日益受到国际社会的重视 ,作为欧盟经济一体化法律保障的欧盟竞争法越来越受到环境保护浪潮的影响。尽管欧盟的环境政策与竞争法存在一定的冲突 ,但协调是主旋律 ,环境保护因素已经融入欧盟竞争法的实施中。欧盟环境政策和竞争法的相互作用为我国加入WTO ,应付环境与贸易竞争的挑战以启示 :加强国内环境保护 ,提高国际竞争力 ;完善竞争法 ,配合环境政策实施其功能。     

教育公平:教育政策的价值目标

当前,教育公平已经成为社会各界关注的热点。教育政策制定作为国家引导和干预教育的主要方式,其维护教育公平的职责成为首要价值目标。     

Rational lobbying and EU climate policy

Using a simple rational choice model as a heuristic device, this paper explores the lobbying behaviour of environmental and business organisations in the field of climate policy and discusses why their lobbying behaviour differs. I find that environmental organisations lobby less than what would be considered rational according to the simple rational choice model, and argue that this might largely be explained by tight budget constraints. I also find that business organisations lobby more than what would be considered rational according to the model, and argue that this might be explained if one applies a long-term perspective on rational lobbying in the policy field rather than a short-term perspective on single policy decisions. Moreover, I find that the type of lobbying differs. While environmental organisations focus on single policy decisions, business organisations also invest in general lobbying. The analysis is based on interviews with interest organisations lobbying in the field of climate policy at the European Union (EU) level.

The incantations of the EU organised crime policy making

This article provides an analysis of the knowledge base of organised crime assessments and policy making in the European Union. It is argued that the current European organised crime (threat) assessments are no reliable and relevant instruments to make meaningful statements about organised crime. The data collection system of the current assessments is defective and to a large extent dependant on what Member States decide to disclose and not based on clear developed concepts, definitions and methods. There is no discernable “counting unit” as a basis for deducing threats or risks. More fundamental: the definition or criteria list used is defective, providing no basis for further deductions or conclusions. The conclusions of the open versions of the European reports are of a very general nature, not substantially different from what can be found in open sources. Though European decision making claims to be founded on these assessments, it looks more like a ritual incantation than a knowledge based process.

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Is EU enlargement bad for environmental policy? Confronting gloomy expectations with evidence

As the EU expands to include the Central and East European (CEE) countries, its capacity to adopt and implement environmental policy will be negatively affected—this has been a widely held assumption. The CEE countries have been expected to be laggards, slowing down, weakening or even reversing progress in environmental policy-making. More than 2 years have now passed since the enlargement, and the new member-states have begun to make their mark on EU decision-making and implementation. This article confronts gloomy expectations with evidence in three issue-areas: genetically modified organisms, air pollution and climate change. The main conclusions are, first, that there is no indication that enlargement will result in any breakdown of EU environmental policy. Second, the consequences vary across issue-areas. The new member-states have strengthened the group that favours strict regulation of genetically modified organisms, weakened the implementation of the EU emission trading directive and have affected EU air policy hardly at all. These results can give an indication of what is to come. On the other hand, only a short time has passed since enlargement, and the picture may change with regard to other issue-areas.     

Security,privacy and freedom and the EU legal and policy framework for biometrics

The adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon and the granting to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the same legal force as the Treaty has lent a new impulse to the consideration of fundamental human rights by the European Union (EU). The question remains, however, as to how this legal discourse, centred upon human rights, is actually shaping the EU regulatory framework in specific policy domains. The aim of this paper is to critically appraise the ways that the fundamental rights of security, privacy and freedom guaranteed by the Charter are being construed in the context of EU law and policy on biometrics, an ethically and morally sensitive security technology whose development and use are being actively promoted by the EU. We conclude that the interpretation of the pertinent rights, as well as their balancing, owes a great deal to the goals of EU policies for research and development, and under the auspices of Freedom, Security and Justice, shaped largely by political and economic considerations. These considerations then tend to prevail over ethically or morally-based legal claims.     

Namibia: policy adopted on HIV/AIDS and the education sector

The Namibian National Policy on HIV/AIDS for the Education Sector, adopted in 2003, provides a framework for prevention, care, and support for both learners and employees in the education sector and for the mitigation of the impact of HIV/AIDS on learners and employees, as well as on the education sector itself.