Predictive Models of Domestic Violence and Fear of Intimate Partners Among Migrant and Seasonal Farm Worker Women

Despite a growing body of knowledge concerning family abuse, there is little research focusing on domestic violence in rural settings. Likewise, there is a paucity of research on family abuse among low-income and racial/ethnic minorities who reside in rural areas. This study examined the prevalence of domestic abuse experienced by low-income, predominantly Latina farm worker women. Using logistic regression analysis, we analyzed factors that predict victimization and the influence of those factors on women's fear of their intimate partners. Survey data were collected from 1001 adult female patients of 11 migrant farm worker health care clinics in nine states. Among the study participants, 19% had been physically or sexually abused by a husband, boyfriend, or companion. The strongest predictors of domestic abuse were drug/alcohol use by the respondent's partner, pregnancy, and migrant status. The factors that most influenced respondents' fear of their intimate partners were abuse and frequency of abuse. The article concludes by discussing implications of the study for domestic violence intervention, treatment, and research in rural settings.     

二元结构下“农民工”劳动权之一元法律保护:从身份到契约

本文试图分析我国二元经济结构下农民工劳动权利现状,说明二元经济结构不必然导致二元劳动力市场,也不必然导致农民工处于低端的第二劳动力市场。并通过分析现行理论、制度的弊端,指出对农民工劳动权进行二元法律保护是一个错误的继续。现行法律设置、法律执行和政府角色错位才是导致农民工劳动权受损的原因。因而,必须澄清劳动关系理论,实现对农民工"从身份到契约"的一元法律保护。     

Fishing for Precarious Status Migrants: Surveillant Assemblages of Migrant Illegalization in Toronto,Canada

Migrants with precarious immigration status in Canada encounter surveillant assemblages of illegalization that threaten their safety and ability to access social goods. Drawing on qualitative interviews, media stories, and government documents, this article analyses how surveillance is produced through various ways of knowing, by various actors, and in different institutions in Canada. My case study demonstrates that the sites of operation for surveillant assemblages of illegalization extend beyond immigration authorities and into more diffuse sources including the police, the health‐care sector, banks, employment agencies, and acquaintances. I also suggest that there is a level of overlap and integration among such sites, including the use of shared databases and the possibility that any interaction with precarious status migrants can be reported to immigration authorities.     

我国城乡一体化过程中的农民工养老保险制度探析

在我国城乡一体化进程中,逐步完善农民工养老保险制度是2020年全面建成小康社会的重要保障。本文概述了农民工的概念和基本特征,在分析国内外关于农民工养老保险制度研究的热点和难点的基础上,提出了完善农民工养老保险制度的建议。     

中国农民工劳动权利实现与政府责任

从农民工拥有的劳动权利人手,通过对农民工劳动权利实现现状及成因的分析,认为政府应对农民工劳动权利的实现承担责任,论证政府应对农民工给予特别保护的观点,提出给予农民工特别保护的设想.     

缺失与生成：农民工犯罪问题研究——社会资本理论视角的分析

农民工犯罪问题已日益引起社会的关注。以苏州工业园区农民工犯罪问题为蓝本,以社会资本理论为视角分析得出的结论是：社会纽带断裂、社会结构解体、公民参与不够、社会信任不足等导致的社会资本缺失,是引发农民工犯罪现状的不可忽视的重要社会因素。强化农民工与社会的纽带、稳定社会结构和构建社会信用体系,是增加社会资本存量、提高社会控制能力、减少和预防农民工犯罪的合理取向。     

劳动权保障与制度重构——以“农民工”为视角

劳动权是我国宪法赋予劳动者的一项基本权利。在改革和发展背景下,重新定位并依法确立“农民工”劳动权主体地位既是切实保障他们利益的前提条件,也是他们公平分享改革发展成果的重要依据。应当依法确立“农民工”平等的劳动者身份。劳动权的实现主要有赖于政府法治,具体路径选择应当是从立法、执法与司法层面重构劳动权保障法律制度,以规制“失范”的“农民工”劳动权保障制度,依法切实保障“农民工”各项劳动权利。     

我国农民工心理健康与保护策略研究概述(2010-2019年)

农民工从乡村到城市后,面对就业收入、子女教育、人际关系等剧烈变化的陌生环境,往往承受着较大的心理压力。过高压力可能带来诸多社会和医学问题,导致事故、酗酒、意外伤亡、自杀和家庭破裂,使社会蒙受巨大损失。解决农民工心理健康问题牵涉到社会保障、城市管理、工业发展等工作,需要政府及卫生部门、安监部门、社会保障部门等密切配合,供给有效保护农民工心理健康的社会政策。     

Perceived Justice of Compensation Process for Return-to-Work: Development and Validation of a Scale

The experience of injured workers is influenced by multiple systems—the workplace, the healthcare system, and the workers’ compensation system. Little research has been conducted on the impact of the workers’ compensation system on injured workers’ personal experience and on the justice of the workers’ compensation process. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure of the justice of the compensation process. Injured workers (n?=?446) with musculoskeletal injuries, in Ontario, Canada, filing a lost-time claim, completed a telephone survey 6 months post-injury. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with two separate samples, and concurrent validity was examined. The four hypothesized factors emerged: distributive justice, procedural justice, informational justice, and interpersonal justice factors accounted for 96.3% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analyses had satisfactory fit indices to confirm the initial model. Alpha coefficients ranged from 0.86 to 0.92. Concurrent validity of the scale was supported: relationships of distributive and procedural justice with claim status, claim processing delay, perception of going back to work too soon, duration of work accommodation, and satisfaction with work accommodation were in the expected direction. Workers’ experience of the justice of the compensation process can now be measured with a psychometrically sound and theoretically based instrument. This instrument offers researchers the opportunity to focus on the justice of the compensation process of injured workers. It can increase the attention that policy-makers, compensation management, healthcare providers, and other return-to-work stakeholders give to the impact of the compensation system and provide a broadened view of workers’ experience.     

Welfare-to-Work,Structural Injustice and Human Rights

This article discusses welfare-to-work schemes, places schemes with strict conditionality in the theoretical framework of structural injustice, and argues that they may violate human rights law. Welfare-to-work schemes impose obligations on individuals to seek and accept work on the basis that otherwise they will be sanctioned by losing access to social support. The schemes are often presented as the best route out of poverty. However, the system in the UK, characterised by strict conditionality, coerces the poor and disadvantaged into precarious work, and conditions of in-work poverty. Forcing people to work in these conditions creates and sustains widespread and routine structures of exploitation. The article further argues that a framework of ‘state-mediated structural injustice’ is the best way of explaining the wrong. It finally claims that this injustice violates principles that are enshrined in human rights law, which the authorities have an obligation to examine and address.     

Examining the links between animal abuse and human violence

Empirical research has increasingly found evidence for the coexistence of animal abuse and various forms of interpersonal violence. Some researchers have even argued for a specific version of this relationship, namely, that individuals tend to move from violence toward animals, particularly in childhood, to subsequent violence toward humans. Others have suggested that the evidence for this graduation or progression hypothesis is weak and inconsistent, and that an approach to animal abuse that focuses on the link is misguided. This article begins by reviewing the research on the connections between animal abuse and interhuman violence. Then it critically assesses the evidence for and against the link, and discusses the issues and challenges facing future research in this area.     

Female street sex workers,sexual violence,and protection strategies

Abstract

This paper reviews empirical findings on physical and sexual violence against female street working sex workers, drawing on the findings from the researcher's own study. Thirty-two female street sex workers were interviewed in a city in the South West of England during 1998. The ethical issues of researching female prostitution are discussed in relation to this specific research project. The main findings from the current literature and this original study highlight the possible connections between childhood sexual abuse, entrance into the sex industry at an early age, and continual experience of violence. This paper explores violence from pimps and clients as well as how the street environment exposes sex workers to risk. Concluding discussion explores the self protection strategies of individual sex workers and the female sex work community as a means of maintaining a survivor identity and not a victim identity.     

河南省农民工养老保险制度的实施困境及其对策初探

完善农民工养老保险制度,直接关系到农民工养老权益的保障和我国“三化”进程的实现.从目前河南省农民工养老保险的实际情况来看,现有政策虽在一定程度上体现了社会公平的原则,但仍存在诸多制度困境,阻碍了农民工养老保险的实现;同时,农民工主体性实现面临自我约束和社会约束双重困境,影响了农民工参保的积极性.因此,需要进一步完善农民工养老保险的制度建设,创建农民工参与养老保险主体性实现的条件,以便提升农民工养老保险的实施效果.     

试论维护农民工劳动权的法治保障机制的完善

维护农民工劳动权,是维护农民工权益系统工程的最重要组成部分.从我国当前维护农民工劳动权益的现状出发,分析我国劳动法治建设中存在的部分问题,对构建更加完善的维护农民工劳动权的法治保障机制提出合理化建议.     

Women’s Acceptance of Spousal Abuse in Iraq: Prevalence Rates and the Role of Female Empowerment Characteristics

This study examines the acceptance of spousal abuse among women living in Iraq and tests whether attitudes condoning abuse are associated with low female empowerment. Of 15,875 married women surveyed, 63?% agreed that a husband is justified in beating his wife. Women lacking education were 2.3 times more likely to justify this violence than those with secondary education. Women outside the labor force were 1.4 times more likely than working women to condone this abuse. Attitudes on spousal violence varied by region and rural/urban status. Female empowerment efforts may help combat spousal violence and change social norms condoning this behavior.     

完善农民工工伤保险制度的法律思考

在构建和谐社会的今天,农民工社会保障问题与社会的稳定有着密切的联系,实践中,工伤维权已成为中国农民工面临的不容忽视的难题。由于制度和相关配套设施不完善,使得农民工工伤保险制度的实施步履维艰。本文分析了我国农民工工伤保险制度存在的问题并提出了解决这些问题的建议。     

Violent victimization and hooking up among strangers and acquaintances on an urban campus: an exploratory study

College students anticipating a competitive labor market and arrested economic independence increasingly elect to delay romantic commitment and reproduction. Casual sexual relationships provide an alternative to the commitment required in traditional romantic relationships. Although committed and casual sexual relationships each have their benefits, both likewise have respective risks. The present exploratory study adds to the growing literature on ‘hookups’ among strangers and acquaintances by examining experiences with (a) hookups, (b) sexual violence, and (c) relationship violence in a nontraditional urban university sample. Findings from logit regression models indicate that gender, race, ethnicity, employment, relationship status, housing, class standing, psychological relationship abuse, and sexual assault by force significantly vary between students who report hooking up with strangers and acquaintances and those who do not. Gender-specific logit models find unique patterns of variables associated with hooking up. Findings are discussed with consideration of policy implications and the direction of future research.     

浅议地方政府在返乡农民工创业中的职能定位

返乡农民工创业对于新农村建设意义重大。针对农民工返乡创业中存在的问题,地方政府应采取一系列措施促进农民工返乡创业的良性发展,即改善农民工返乡创业的投资环境,健全与完善农村金融服务体系,加强信息引导,提高培训质量,建立并完善农民工创业园区等。     

Urban and rural differences in the relationship between substance use and violence

This article examines the relationship between substance use and violence across rural-urban and Appalachian places of residence. The data come from a larger study on the health service use of 637 men who have a history of chronic substance abuse and who were incarcerated in four Kentucky prisons. The findings generally support previous research on substance use and violence but do not support Fischer's (1995) subculture theory of urbanism. Contrary to expectations, the population size of the prisoners' residence was not significantly associated with the prisoners' levels of violent victimization, violence toward others, violence toward intimate partners, or overall violence in the year prior to incarceration. Appalachian residency was also not associated with violence. Recognizing that the effect of substance use on violence perpetrated against others does not vary significantly by urban or rural residence may be helpful for designing violence prevention programs and planning law enforcement efforts.     

The production of the "battered immigrant" in public policy and domestic violence advocacy

In the context of U.S. public policy, battered immigrant signifies a person who is eligible to adjust his or her status under immigration law if he or she can demonstrate they have suffered domestic violence in the United States perpetrated by a U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident. Among community organizers, the term battered immigrant signifies a broader range of people for whom legal immigration status plays a role in their options for safety planning and/or leaving an abuser, the potential threat of deportation, and the eligibility for public benefits. Based on an ethnographic study of domestic violence advocacy with South Asian immigrants in Seattle and around the United States, this article examines how the difference in signification has direct social and political consequences with regard to who may access the benefits and protection offered to victims of domestic violence in the United States.