论和谐社会视角下我国政治伦理的价值取向

在现代和谐社会视域下,我国政治伦理应定位于政治公共领域,服务于政治公共领域。我国现代政治伦理的价值取向,应定位于个人权利与公共利益的统一。     

中国公共领域发展滞缓的传统归因与现实路径

以包括公共空间、政治讨论和理性批判在内的现代公共领域的结构性要素为理论关照,从传统社会结构、传统社会的公伦理文化的特点和法律保障的缺失三个方面解析我国公共领域发展缓慢的原因在于：中国传统社会的结构、公伦理文化和法律保障的缺失抑制了公共领域的发育。发展公共领域的现实路径是：市场经济解构了传统社会,为公共领域的孕育和发展创造了社会前提;社会主义民主政治是公共领域及其观念生存和发展的政治前提。     

科学技术、公共领域与和谐社会

就科学技术发展来说,“和谐社会”这一概念不仅直接强化了科技对经济社会发展的积极推动作用,而且在其涉及新型工业化道路、环境保护、安全生产、网络伦理等问题方面又显现出了对科技发展的公共价值的相应反思。这意味着可以通过公共领域来把握科技与社会的协调关系问题。科技进步无疑推动了公共领域的兴起和发展,但科技发展及其生态和社会效应本身也可以作为公共问题在公共领域层面获得政治伦理考量。也就是说,在公共领域中通过建构科技公共交往机制,确保公众最大程度地参与科技发展的公共决策,进而推动权力、资本和知识精英围绕着科技与人、自然和社会之间的持续协调发展问题,提出适合公共利益的解决方案,从而促进和谐社会的逐步生成。     

论"公共领域"与社会主义和谐社会--哈贝马斯商谈伦理在当代中国的运用

公共领域是政治、社会哲学思想中的重要范畴,是指介于公共权力领域与私人领域之间的自由交往空间。公共领域以日常语言为交往手段,以“理解”为交往前提,以“开放”为交往取向,旨在通过自由、充分的商谈形成高质量的公共意见,并以此为载体实现反映社会问题的“信号”功能和对政治系统的批判功能。当前,我国在构建社会主义和谐社会的进程中,必须大力培育公共领域的参与者、自由的交往空间和独立于政治权力的传媒,从而保证我国公共领域的成长。     

社会和谐发展中的制度伦理价值追寻

关于制度的价值或伦理的追问似乎已不只是现代社会乃至后现代社会"创造"的概念或范畴,而是对人类社会文明发展进程本然状态的历史表述,或者说对制度的伦理关照和对伦理的制度安排可以理解为本来就是人之所以为人的类本质的重要表征,它是人类通过社会化、组织化或秩序化存在及其重建以实现自由全面发展目的的常规工具和途径。于是制度与伦理的"融合统一"所构成的制度伦理价值的定位就成为社会公共领域变革与发展难以回避的话语论题,对制度伦理公共价值意蕴进行阐发与追问,对其价值取向进行发展哲学的厘定,进而为制度伦理现实功能发挥机制构建提供理论指导,便成为题中应有之义。因此,以和谐发展观为哲学指导来审视制度伦理的价值取向,发挥制度与伦理对社会主义政治建设的双重功效,是和谐社会理论研究和实践探索的一个重要课题。     

我国公共意识生长的历史考量

和谐社会是当代中国的时代课题。公共意识是构建社会主义和谐社会的基础和关建,没有公民公共意识的现代生长,就难有社会主义和谐社会的构建。因此,为了响应构建社会主义和谐社会的时代强音,文章对公共意识在自然社会、政治社会、公民社会中的生态及其表征进行了审视,具体论证了我国公共意识生长的历史进路。     

新时代社会公共信任建设的伦理基础

公共信任的核心要义是伦理普遍性,实质则是公众对政治、经济、文化及社会生活诸领域伦理普遍性诸形态的信任问题。政治领域公共信任建设的关键在权力,要强化规范性的伦理建构,把权力关进制度的笼子,从严治党,确保权为民所用;经济领域公共信任建设的关键是财富分配的正义性,对公权与财富私通、市场主体间恶意竞争要零容忍;文化领域公共信任建设的关键是真、善、美,产业化过度是文化领域伦理普遍性祛魅的直接诱因,要以社会主义核心价值观引领文化事业发展,确立讲政治、扬正气、促和谐的价值目标;社会领域公共信任建设的关键是伦理风尚,要倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善的公民气质,自由、平等、公正、法治的社会建设,富强、民主、文明、和谐的国家伦理。     

技术实践论:问题的进路与出路——基于哈贝马斯实践观

技术实践论与伦理—政治实践论是实践哲学的两个发展向度。伦理—政治实践论在古希腊时期就已经成为显学,并长期占据思想史的中心位置。随着现代社会发展的要求,科学与技术从二元分化演变为相互结合的技术实践论发展进路,并形成了对伦理—政治实践领域的侵袭,以交往实践为基础的政治公共领域经受着技术理性的巨大威胁。哈贝马斯在此基础上对技术实践论的形成与发展进行了反思性批判,并重新确立了伦理—政治实践的统摄地位,为解决科学技术所引发的危机指明了出路。     

西方公共管理伦理的嬗变与启示

西方公共管理伦理的演变经历了奉行效率至上的传统时期、倡导社会公平为主的新公共行政时期和推行以市场化为主的新公共管理时期。它演进的主要特征是效率观贯穿于其演变的全过程、社会公平和社会正义成为其体系的核心、中心化与边缘化价值诉求共存的价值结构形态将长期存在。它的嬗变对我国公共管理伦理体系建设的启示体现为:实现现代公共管理伦理的制度设计和制度安排;厘清现代公共管理伦理的作用场域及其相应的规范标准;构建效率与公平兼顾的现代公共管理伦理体系;促进公共管理主体道德自觉自动生成机制的形成。     

服务型政府建设中的行政人员伦理困境及对策

服务型政府建设中的行政人员伦理困境表现为行政人员"公共人"伦理价值理念较为模糊,行政人员责任伦理在践行中存在困境,究其原因在于客观的行政环境转变划分的公共领域与私人领域导致行政人员伦理价值理念定位纷争,行政人员自身因素导致其责任伦理践行困难。为此,在外部调整中加强行政伦理立法工作,成立责任伦理评议机构等;在内部改造中对行政人员进行伦理价值观教育,使其具备完善的行政人格应是解决行政人员伦理困境的有效路径。     

2010年中国政治学研究综述

前些年,不少学者热衷于介绍和研究西方昙花一现的政治理论,自去年以来,这种追风的现象已经趋冷。2010年的政治学研究主要关注了国家理论、政党理论、政治思潮、民主问题、政治学学科和方法论。由此可以看出,中国的政治学研究进一步向传统的研究主题回归,进一步趋向理性。     

案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立

案卷排他性原则是现代听证制度的核心。我国目前的价格决策听证制度并没有确立案卷排他性原则,致使政府价格决策听证常常流于形式。案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立,不仅具有必要性.而且具有可行性。     

Performance of local councils in the collection of revenue in Bangladesh

Local councils in Bangladesh have been provided with several sources of revenue that can be utilized for the maintenance of the councils, as well as the initiation of developmental projects. The union and upazila level councils have fared miserably in collection of such revenue. An examination of twelve upazilas during 1986–90 demonstrates that their performance has been affected by a lack of administrative support for the task, a dearth of adequate knowledge and skills on the part of local leaders and a failure to plan carefully on the part of the government. The Ordinances through which they have been established did not identify realistic sources of revenue nor did they provide guidelines on their utilization. Consequently, collection of revenue is done in an arbitrary and disorganized manner. It is recommended that adequate and appropriate administrative structures are developed and that proper training is provided to enhance the knowledge and skills of local leaders and to enable the councils to perform the task of revenue collection efficiently. Some suggestions are presented to utilize properly the market facilities, which appear to be highly potent sources for the generation of revenue.     

Problems of co-ordination in upazila administration in Bangladesh

The present government of Bangladesh has extensively reformed the administrative system and upgraded the previous thana to upazila (sub-district) to serve as the focal point of development administration. A new tier of local government called Upazila Parishad (UZP) has been created and a large number of functions have been devolved to this institution along with the placement of central government employees at its disposal. The reformers argue that the present system will remove the inadequacies of the previous administrative system and will bring about an improvement in the co-ordination of field services at the upazila level. However, the actual situation represents a totally different picture. The desired integration— both vertical and horizontal—and co-ordination in local level planning is non-existent due to the absence of any clear direction from the central government. Proper co-ordination among the field services in the upazila administration does not exist due to the anomalous relation between the upazila and the national government, including excessive central control; the involvement of multiple agencies of the central government in guiding and supervising; ambiguity in government thinking; the absence of clarification from the ministries concerned and agencies on the timing of different development programmes; and conflict over the allocation of resources. There is also conflict between the different tiers of local government in respect of authority and resources. Relations between public representatives and officials at the upazila level are strained because a clear allocation of authority to political executives is lacking; areas for co-operation among different agencies have not been clarified; and public representatives and government officials lack mutual respect.     

The Rise of Resilience in Education in Emergencies

ABSTRACT

This article explores how resilience as a concept is being increasingly mobilised within the Education in Emergencies (EiE) community. Using content and a close textual analysis, it identifies the concept's growth in prominence within key EiE documents arguing it has been employed to serve a range of different purposes. It contends, however, that dominant conceptualisations of resilience within the EiE community are reflective of a number of shifts around the problem, subjects and purposes of education provision in such conflict-affected contexts. This serves to limit the transformative potential of resilience, particularly in regards to contributing to positive peace.     

中国政府全面质量管理系统的构建

全面质量管理是一门内涵丰富的管理哲学、管理思想,同时也是一种有效的管理技术和管理工具,全面质量管理在企业中的应用取得了重大成效,西方国家将全面质量管理应用于政府部门同样取得了明显的效果.中国同样具有推行政府全面质量管理的基础条件,通过开展政府全面质量管理的基础性工作,树立"顾客导向",建构政府内部持续改进机制,建立政府全面质量管理质量保证体系,将全面质量管理的管理理念和管理方法引入中国政府部门.构建中国政府全面质量管理系统,从而提高政府工作绩效和公众的满意度.     

An analysis of mechanisms used by CSOs in the promotion of community participation in governance in Kenya

Civil society organizations (CSOs) are often perceived to provide the magic bullet to complex societal problems including alternative approaches that ensure good governance. Fresh new research is therefore needed due to the prevailing paradox of escalating governance challenges in Kenya despite CSOs efforts to address the same. This paper specifically seeks to understand mechanisms that CSOs use as they seek to intervene in governance issues in Kenya. It links persistent poor governance happening at the counties to inadequate mechanisms used by CSOs. It argues that CSOs have not been bold enough to confront poor governance but, instead, have used superficial mechanisms with little outcomes. They have particularly focused on providing trainings and creating awareness and have shied away from more direct engagement with poor governance such as monitoring utilization of public funds. The study methodology involved a survey, focus group discussions, and in-depth face to face interviews. The tools used included a survey questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion guide and In-depth Interview guide. Among the recommendations are that CSOs need to go beyond creating awareness and trainings and engage with governance issues more directly using well-tried mechanisms.     

The Reform of the Local Administration in Spain in Terms of Population

Spanish Local Corporations are playing an increasingly important role in the provision of public services without reducing their function of consolidation and structuring of the current sociopolitical system. This reality implies an increase in their need of financial funds without new compensation resources. Also, there is a certain tendency to loose population in many counties along with a greater organic and territorial dispersion that accelerates their financial weakening. This makes necessary to find management alternatives ensuring the appropriate provision of local public services and thus the Local Corporation reform becomes an alternative. In this context, the present paper approaches the analysis and the results based upon a territorial balance criterion on the population and its distribution, aiming ultimately to design an indicator able to measure the need of the Spanish local government structure according to its population and the size of its municipalities. This indicator might measure the regional impact to any variation both in the distribution of its population and in the number of municipalities.     

全球化背景下经典文化教育的价值取向

全球化对我国教育的冲击是深刻的,经典文化教育是应对挑战所必需的选择之一。经典文化具有时代性、开放性和包容性,对成就一个人以及提高整个国民素质都有重要的意义与价值。经典文化教育在学校教育应有所作为。     

全球化视域下教育体系民族性问题的再审视——以研究生教育体系为例

蔓延全球的经济危机是经济全球化的必然结果之一,由危机所引起的全球范围内政治、文化、科技实力的此消彼长已成为一股不可逆转的历史潮流。面对当前的经济危机,对研究生教育体系国际化的趋势和后果进行理性的再审视,使中国的研究生教育体系在经济危机的背景下,既体现出时代性,又具有鲜明的民族特色,是我们构建研究生教育体系的必然战略选择。