Textbooks on legal medicine in the German-speaking countries

In this survey, the textbooks on legal medicine which were published in the German-speaking countries from the 17th century up to now are briefly reviewed. The textbooks with the most impact on the further development of legal medicines were those published by Johann Ludwig Casper in Berlin and Eduard Ritter von Hofmann in Vienna in the 19th century. The main textbooks of the 20th century are addressed as well, also the different development in both German countries.     

Expression of adhesion molecules in skin wounds: diagnostic value in legal medicine

The adhesion molecules identified in recent years can help improve the diagnosis of the wound age, especially of injuries with a short survival time. This is also indicative of the vitality of the wounds. The material investigated in the study originated from 465 skin wounds. The samples were taken from human autopsy material, during the surgical treatment of wounds (excision) of patients and from experimental incised wounds of mice. To judge the age of skin wounds the endothelial adhesion molecules were detected in paraffin sections after autoclaving and using the ABC technique. Human skin wounds: strong positive staining was observed of ICAM-1 1.5 h at the earliest and 3.5 days at the latest, for the P-selectin 3 min at the earliest and 7 h at the latest, for the E-selectin 1 h at the earliest and 17 days at the latest and for VCAM-1 3 h at the earliest and 3.5 days at the latest after the time of injury. The L-selectin was expressed constitutively. Mice skin wounds: strong positive immunohistochemical reactions were found as a rule earlier than in human skin wounds. The detection of an increased expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and P- and E-selectins can improve the wound age assessment in injuries with short survival times.     

医学新媒体背景下的新型法律冲突与对策

在当代新媒体迅猛发展并以多种形式广泛介入医疗行业的前提下,由医学多媒体传播而引发的隐私权、名誉权、虚假宣传、散布谣言、准医疗行为的侵权等法律冲突的新形式不断涌现。此类医学新媒体法律纠纷的类型、责任主体和责任的承担方式有自己的特征,因此管理者有必要重新审视防范此类法律冲突,具体可采取疏导、改进管理方式、设置法律底线等管理原则与举措。     

药食同源食品监管的法律依据探讨

我国中医药理论有药食同源的特点,我国也有将药食同源物质用于保健食品生产加工的传统。近年来,我国保健食品行业发展迅猛,但是关于保健食品的法律规制却滞后于快速发展的市场,导致对本行业的监管存在盲点。通过案例分析和理论思考,辨析药食同源食品的属性,明晰药食同源食品监管的法律依据,希望对净化保健食品市场,合理界定各相关执法部门的监管职责,也为依法行政提供一定的借鉴。     

Student tragedy. Forensic-psychiatric and legal medicine aspects of an unusual crime

The unusual circumstances of the violent killing of an 18-year-old girl by her 18.8-years-old schoolfriend led us to undertake a forensic-psychiatric analysis of the offence action as well as a presentation of legal-medical points of view. The crime, which can be classified as a collective lover crime for which there is no parallel in the literature, was only solved 9 months later when one of the two delinquents confessed a further offence. The killing was planned and prepared, the victim being buried hurriedly in a previously made hole in a wood after she had been strangled.     

The significance of the legal term "corpse" in forensic medicine

The definition of the term "corpse" is relevant for medicine in general and most particularly so for forensic medicine, as it has direct consequences on practical work: legally, postmortems and autopsies may only be performed on corpses. With this in mind, the legal term "corpse" was examined on the basis of German State Law regulations and provisions. Approximately half the burial acts include a definition of "corpse", but even here there are certain variations. The definitions for "corpse" can be divided into four categories: 1) according to the lack of vital signs or sure signs of death 2) according to the degree of decomposition and/or cohesion of body parts 3) on the basis of severed body parts, and 4) terminological differentiation of stillbirths and neonatal fatalities from miscarriages. Laws vary greatly in their definition of the term "corpse". Therefore, the decision whether or not human remains or parts thereof qualify as a "corpse" should be left to medical discretion.