单位犯罪主体之质疑

《刑法》虽然规定了单位可以成为犯罪主体,但是,单位成为犯罪主体存在着一系列的理论与实际问题,可能导致宪政上的困境。单位成为犯罪主体并不能有效地达到预防犯罪的刑罚目的,应该取消单位作为犯罪主体的规定。     

突发自然灾害应急社会背景下的工伤损害赔偿研究

在突发自然灾害背景下,正在工作中的人员的伤亡应该按照工伤待遇处理,非正在工作中的人员的伤亡应该按照医疗保险的规定处理,其他没有劳动关系的人员的伤亡,按照国家的规定享受相应的抚恤和救济。关于救援者的伤亡问题,如果是政府或者是单位组织的,有单位归属的,通过单位统筹的工伤保险获得赔偿及相关待遇。没有单位归属的或者是个人志愿者,应该由国家及政府部门给与补偿。建议在法律中规定突发灾害背景下的救援人员的工伤赔偿利益;修改工伤保险条例,明确不可抗力发生时的工伤条款;建立应急社会背景下的志愿者工伤救济基金。     

Advance directives as an instrument in an ageing Europe

Advance directives are written or oral statements that are intended to govern healthcare decision-making for their authors, for both positive and negative decisions, should they lose decisional capacity in the future. In a Europe which is facing an ageing population, advance directives play an increasing role to (help) formulate the wishes from elderly patient once they start losing the capacity to decide independently. Advance directives should not only be used as a formulation of the patients' previously made decision, but can also be used as guidelines to better understand the previous expressed wishes of the patient. If the advance directive is formulated in too vague form, the healthcare proxy and/or the healthcare trustee can help the physician interpret the directive. This broader approach towards advance directives is reflected in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as on the European legislative level.     

Becoming an Informant

Though widely acknowledged as vital to law enforcement, social scientists have largely ignored the practice of confidential informing. The extant literature on the topic is primarily comprised of experientially based practical guides to informant management and a handful of field studies drawing information from informants in the study of other undercover practices. This study features data obtained from in‐depth interviews with eighty‐four former informants drawn from five southern states identified through a purposive‐snowball sampling strategy. Informant accounts suggest that the practice of confidential informing is an institutionalized component of a general narcotics enforcement pattern characterized by duplicity and social control irony. Confidential informant work is observed as a moral career entailing deviant identity maintenance through neutralizations and insider perspective. Narratives confirmed a motivational typology accounting for role assumption and informant–agent dynamics and orient discussion around practice and research implications.     

Interaction and basic rights in an international perspective: an introduction

The effective enjoyment of basic rights largely depends on communicative processes and other forms of social interaction. Traditional conceptions of basic rights do not explicitly address this relevance of social interaction, though. Legal conceptions of basic rights rather focus on the right to a particular discretionary, but isolated and individual behaviour. This article points out the different established dimensions of basic rights protection and points out the relevance of social interaction for the enjoyment of basic rights as well as the legal consequences in different jurisdictions.

     

Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm--unusual complication of an electric shock.

Here we report about a 35-year-old electrical engineer who was found dead in his study. Postmortem examination revealed that death resulted because of subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Right hand and left cheek revealed electrical marks with metallizations on skin, an electric shock was diagnosed to have preceded death. The close temporal correlation suggests that a sudden rise in blood pressure was caused by the electric current and was thus responsible for the rupture of the aneurysm.     

Coronal cleft vertebra initially suspected as an abusive fracture in an infant

A case of a four-month-old male infant is described who was found unresponsive at home and brought to the emergency room. He lived for four days. During his hospital admission he was diagnosed by radiography with a fracture of the third lumbar vertebra that was presumed abusive in nature. Autopsy examination failed to confirm a fracture. However, a defect in the development of the vertebral bodies was discovered. He was diagnosed with possible failure of the notochord to regress, a condition with no significant sequelae. The cause of death was certified as sudden infant death syndrome after full investigation, and all autopsy studies were negative.     

Sign of an Operative

A new approach to crime prevention is being developed and is already starting to be applied in the Moscow region.     

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an internal jugular abscess in an intravenous drug addict

The usual death of a long-time heroin user is described. The significance of this case is that death occurred suddenly and unexpectedly during incarceration. In the United States, such deaths are frequently followed by lawsuits against the prison authorities. Drug abuse can cause death in many varied ways.     

论雇主的保护照顾义务

雇主的保护照顾义务在我国学界未受到足够的重视,世界各国对其性质也有不同的认识,本文在梳理其各种认识的同时,分析了赋予雇主保护照顾义务的法理依据,阐述了雇主保护照顾义务的内容及违反义务的损害赔偿责任。