The Demand for Land Title Registration: Theory with Evidence from Kenya

This article examines the role of title registration in providingsecurity of property rights for landowners. A simple model isdeveloped to examine the trade-off between increased securityof registering title against the administrative costs of accessingthe system. The model predicts that the demand for registrationshould be increasing in the value of the land, the educationof the landowner, and proximity to the central government (thelatter two being measures of the cost of accessing the system).Evidence on land registration in Kenya provides support forthe model.     

人格权法独立成编的体系效应之辨识

就终极意义而论,说人格权为宪法权利抑或民事权利均属不当。但自实证法而言,究竟是由宪法,还是由民法来规定人格权,这只是一个法律分工问题,并不涉及任何价值判断。只要我们继续采取立法导向的规范化思路,则人格权的民法化就是必要的。自然人对其人格要素享有支配权,并且在现代社会中,人格权的商业化倾向也使得人格权与自然人间发生了主动分离,这就说明人格权已经不能再寄居于自然人编了。从《侵权责任法》的定位和人格权的特征及其现实需求来看,人格权法也不宜为《侵权责任法》所涵盖。因此自体系而言,未来我国的民法典应当继承《民法通则》的传统,坚持人格权法独立成编的体例。     

Responsibility for Unpledged Concealment of Crimes and for Acquisition and Sale of Goods Known to Have Been Stolen

The criminal legislation now in force draws a strict line of demarcation between complicity in the commission of a crime and unpledged concealment of crimes, and also the acquisition and sale of goods known to have been acquired by criminal means. This demarcation is determined by the different degrees of social danger in these acts.     

问题图式获得理论及其在教学中的应用

问题图式是能在问题解决过程中起核心作用的大的知识单元,它使我们对问题解决表征机制的认识更为深刻.在阐述问题图式获得机制方面,研究者提出了结构映射理论和语用图式理论,同时发现类比问题解决和样例学习是获得问题图式的两条有效途径.因此,要想在教学中有效地促进学生问题图式的获得,就要增加学生类比问题解决和样例学习的机会,比如提倡图式图教学;在样例教学初期,给予学生适当的线索提示;迁移教学中增加源问题类比物的数量等.     

不动产善意取得适用范围的理论反思

在中国语境下,＂不动产是否适用善意取得＂问题之争主要不是法律效果争议,而是制度安排争论。在比较法视野中,＂不动产是否适用善意取得＂之争是实质的规范效果的问题。承认不动产善意取得,并不意味必然构建囊括动产与不动产相统一的善意取得制度。在以德国为代表的国家,不动产善意取得最终在法典上与动产善意取得区分设计,在＂登记公信力＂的制度安排下实现＂从无权利人处善意取得＂的法律效果。     

论美国电影标题的法律保护及电影标题仲裁体制

基于对言论自由价值的保护,美国对作品标题的法律保护采取了相对保守的态度,完全摒弃了版权法保护标题的做法,联邦商标法也只保护系列作品的标题。其他作品标题在取得＂第二含义＂,且具有独特性的条件下可以得到反不正当竞争法的保护。相对于较为繁琐的司法救济程序,美国电影协会通过仲裁方式在会员中建立起来的标题仲裁体制直接有效地保护了会员对其电影标题的独占权,防止了会员间电影标题的混淆。     

公共物品与权利配置

公共物品,在法律上可以是无主物,也可以作为权利的客体。我国法律已经也应当为矿产资源、水资源及海域等公共物品配置权利,不应将水资源及海域等公共物品作为无主物对待。     

Unreasonable Women: Gender and the Law of Accidental Injury, 1870-1920

At the wheels of railroads and streetcars, the law of accidental personal injury, known as negligence, became a discrete body of law between 1870 and 1920. The defining component of negligence was "fault"–the notion that the individuals (injured and injurer) must have failed to act according to some minimal standard of caution. Theorists of the history of negligence have explained that the conduct of all was measured against what a "reasonable man" would have done under the circumstances. The author here challenges this fundamental assertion. Through trial records, lawyer's written arguments, and appellate opinions, she reconstructs the critical role of gender in shaping the law of accidental injury. As she argues, in 19th- and 20th-century America, injury was a gendered event. The fact that courts in these years held men and women to different standards of care undermines theorists' arguments that economic considerations drove the law of accidental injury. Moreover, the reification of gender nm in private law, in turn, vitally affected the experience of gender in turn-of-the-century America.     

论司法产品的性质与供给——一个经济分析的视角

司法产品并不必然就是公共物品,司法服务也非必须由政府提供。历史上,政府司法首先是作为统治者的创收手段发展起来的,而非公共服务。市场或社区自身也能够提供非政府的纠纷解决机制。政府司法并不天然优于非政府司法。对于大量不具有公共物品属性的案件,非政府司法能够提供更有效率的服务。当事人的选择自由和竞争机制是非政府司法有效运作的关键。这一机制适用于公共法院,也就是当事人合意选择公共法官制度。后者可能对我国当下的司法改革具有特殊的政策意义。     

船舶留置权与船舶扣留权不应混淆

本文就一具体案例 ,分析论述了船舶留置权和船舶扣留权在概念上及行使权利时的区别。并对《海商法》2 5条提出了修改建议。     

Accidental through and through penetrating injury to the neck

We present the case of a 24-year-old driver who died when a metal pole entered the front windshield, traveled through the victim's neck, and then exited via the back windshield. This case illustrated an unusual penetration injury and the importance of a thorough and complete death scene investigation.     

体育用品的安全与质检:在深圳组建国家体育用品质量监督检验中心的可行性分析

体育产业在促进国民经济增长、带动相关产业发展和促进就业等方面作用明显,已成为国民经济新的增长点。作为体育产业的核心,中国体育用品业的发展状况将直接反映体育产业的发展水平。在体育用品业发达的深圳组建国家体育用品质量监督检验中心可满足南方体育用品生产企业对产品检测的需求,具有很好的社会和经济效益。本文阐述了中国及深圳体育用品产业的现状,详细分析了在深圳组建国家体育用品质检中心的必要性及可行性,希望可对广东及其他省份今后更好地发展体育产业提供有益的依据。     

责任事故犯罪刑事责任之比较

刑法对某种犯罪配置的法定刑的种类及其结构不仅与一个国家立法者的刑罚观和刑事政策导向有着密切的关系 ,而且也与一个国家的法律文化传统以及社会公众的法律意识密切关联。因此 ,由于受上述因素的影响 ,各个国家对责任事故犯罪所配置的法定刑种类以及法定刑的结构也有着巨大的差异。在本文中 ,我们拟以中国刑法第 1 3 4条至第 1 3 9条所规定的责任事故犯罪为基点 ,对其刑事责任进行比较性研究 ,并在此基础上对中国刑法的完善提出自己的看法。一、责任事故犯罪法定刑配置之比较系统论的基本原理告诉我们 ,在系统各组成要素相同的情况下 ,各…     

Beyond the Goods/Resources Dichotomy: Animal Labor and Trade Law

Abstract

Since its inception, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has, in a rather self-evident manner, treated animals as objects of trade: Animals must be either goods or natural resources subject to the terms and conditions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). However, broader public and legal efforts to recategorize animals from goods to “sentient beings,” which are emerging across the world, are casting serious doubt on these assumptions. Using animals’ subjectivity as a starting point, a new and bourgeoning strand of anthropological, ethical, and political studies argues that animals should properly be recognized as working subjects. Be it guide dogs, truffle hogs, logging elephants, or dairy cows—working animals, they argue, are owed wholly new legal and ethical duties. This article builds on these arguments to examine the consequences of “animal labor” for trade law: Are animals wrongly classified as commodities or resources? Is there a need and room to recognize animals as service providers under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)? What are the legal consequences of this proposed change? This article sets out to answer these questions and argues that recognizing animals as workers in trade law is conceptually coherent and can play a crucial role in empowering states to protect animals effectively at the international level.