被害人权利救济的现实困境和制度突破——以恢复性司法为视角

从本质上看,我国传统刑事司法是报应性司法模式,是以犯罪人为中心的,漠视了被害人的权利救济,不利于被害人的权利保护,而恢复性司法模式的一个重要的价值取向就是对被害人的尊重和保护。应以恢复性司法理念为指导,完善我国刑事被害人权利救济制度。     

刑事被害人与刑事司法:一个历史的考察

在刑事司法体中,被害人先后经历了原始被害人中心、被害人隐形与被害人重新复兴三个时期。在这三个时期中,被害人在刑事领域中的地位经历了从辉煌到失落在再到重新回归的变化。现代刑事政策运动的客观趋势是将保护受害人放在首位,而不是把惩罚犯罪人放在首位。以恢复性司法理念为主导的被害人救助、被害人权利保护、刑事和解等运动正是这种趋势的体现。我国应该顺应这种趋势,切实的加强对刑事被害人的救助与权利保护,确立犯罪人和被害人同等的地位,建立国家—犯罪人—被害人三位一体的刑事立法与司法制度。     

被害人权利救济视野下的传统司法与恢复性司法模式之比较

恢复性司法的一个重要的价值取向就是对被害人的尊重和保护。我国传统刑事司法是报应性司法,是以犯罪人为中心的,漠视了被害人的权利救济问题,不利于被害人的权利保护。应结合我国实际,构建具有中国特色的恢复性司法模式。     

被害人权利救济视野下的传统司法与恢复性司法模式之比较

恢复性司法的一个重要的价值取向就是对被害人的尊重和保护。我国传统刑事司法是报应性司法,是以犯罪人为中心的,漠视了被害人的权利救济问题,不利于被害人的权利保护。应结合我国实际,构建具有中国特色的恢复性司法模式。     

论恢复性司法与和谐社会的构建

恢复性司法作为一种全新的刑事司法模式,以被害人权益为导向,通过搭建被害人、犯罪人与社区间的对话平台,促进社会关系的修复,并取得良好的司法效果。鉴于此,和谐社会的构建以及刑事司法制度的完善,有必要吸收恢复性司法的理念,结合我国刑事司法的本土资源,建立恢复性司法制度。     

恢复性正义视角下的刑事被害人保护若干问题研究

近年来,随着恢复性司法的兴起,恢复性正义作为一种刑事司法正义观的新发展,为刑事被害人权利保护提供了新思路。本文以恢复性正义理念为视角,从一起刑事案件入手审视和分析现阶段我国刑事被害人保护的立法和运行情况,力图为刑事诉讼中的被害人保护找到合理定位和完善对策。     

恢复性正义视角下的刑事被害人保护若干问题研究

近年来，随着恢复性司法的兴起，恢复性正义作为一种刑事司法正义观的新发展，为刑事被害人权利保护提供了新思路。本文以恢复性正义理念为视角，从一起刑事案件入手审视和分析现阶段我国刑事被害人保护的立法和运行情况，力图为刑事诉讼中的被害人保护找到合理定位和完善对策。     

论被害人权利保护下的恢复性司法

刑事犯罪之被害人权利保护的问题一直是人们关心的问题,恢复性司法是个很好地解决刑事被害人权利缺失的司法模式。恢复性司法是一种新型的司法模式,更加注重被害人的诉讼地位,强调被害人的程序参与。文章认为,我国引入恢复性司法的过程中应构建相关制度以保护被害人的权利。     

司法参与下的权利实现——恢复性司法视野中被害人权利的保护

传统刑事司法模式对被害人的权利保护不足。主要体现在对被害人诉讼地位的漠视,被害人不能积极参与诉讼,诉讼成为了与自己无关的事实,从而致使被害人在受到犯罪侵害之后,又遭遇国家司法制度的冷落。恢复性司法对现代刑事司法理念具有重大的重构意义,是对传统刑事司法的一种修正或补充。对被害人权利的尊重构成了该司法模式的核心特征。     

刑事被害人的权利保护——以恢复性司法为视角

在司法改革不断加深的今日,刑事司法面临着许多无法回避的困境,尤以刑事被害人、加害人以及社会之间矛盾难以调和为患.矛盾的化解离不开犯罪人和被害人的积极参与,刑事被害人长期被忽视的现实情况成为了横亘在刑罚与社会和谐中间的障碍.加强对刑事被害人权利的研究,无疑会对我国刑事司法改革大有裨益.     

Procedural Justice for Victims and Offenders?: Exploring Restorative Justice Processes in Australia and the US

Sociolegal research indicates that when citizens perceive that legal processes and procedures are fair, both positive and negative legal outcomes will be viewed as acceptable. However, little is known about perceptions of fairness in informal contexts such as in restorative justice (RJ) practices and with victims (and offenders) who participate in these programs. Drawing on interviews with key actors engaged in post-conviction RJ programs for serious crimes in Australia and the USA, this paper asks, do post-conviction therapeutic RJ programs for violent crimes enhance procedural justice for victims and offenders? The data reveal that RJ is compatible with procedural justice for both victims and offenders. Specifically, RJ aids in correcting the harms created by the formal criminal justice system and, thus, satisfies and even greatly enhances procedural justice goals for both victims and offenders.     

恢复性司法“中国化”之制度抗衡问题研究

就被害人、犯罪人利益保护而言,无论是附带民事诉讼制度、还是刑事被害人补偿制度抑或是刑事和解制度、非刑罚处罚方法,它们都远不如恢复性司法那么周详;就提高诉讼效率而言,刑事简易程序功不可没,但已无拓展的空间,亟须恢复性司法的加盟。     

A glimpse into the role of personal values within the restorative justice process: a qualitative study with restorative justice facilitators

Restorative justice is a process whereby offenders and their victims communicate to address the harm caused by the crime. Currently, there is little research looking at what characterises victims and offenders who are willing to participate in this process, who benefits, and what changes occur after participating. Personal values may be important in understanding such questions because they can influence human behaviour, appraisals of behaviour, and can change following life experiences. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the role that the values within Schwartz’s value theory may have in answering these questions. This was accomplished through a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 restorative justice facilitators. Consistently, the motivations they observed for both victims and offenders participating in restorative justice included themes of prosocial values. Additionally, prosocial values were among those highlighted as being important for the realisation of the benefits of restorative justice. There was also some preliminary evidence that this process may change what values are important for both victims and offenders. Overall, these findings have implications for restorative justice providers; a greater understanding of motivations, who will benefit, and how restorative justice can be presented to appeal to a wide audience.     

The Evolution of Balanced and Restorative Justice

Maloney, Armstrong, and Romig presented a portrait of “Joey,” who was the exemplar of what was wrong with the juvenile justice system, in 1988 when they published The Balanced Approach in this Journal. In response, they reimagined a juvenile justice system predicated on balancing three fundamental goals—protection of community, accountability to victims, and development of competencies to prepare juvenile court‐involved youth for productive roles in their communities. The authors examine the evolution of balanced and restorative justice and re‐imagine how Joey's life may have been different at critical junctures of his juvenile court involvement.     

恢复性行刑功能探析

囿于传统行刑模式的弊端,实践为摆脱困境而自发产生的恢复性行刑展示了其积极的沟通、整合与效率功能。恢复性行刑模式以有益互动为核心,以平等为基础,将服刑人员与管理者、被害人、社区及其他社会参与者带入协商对话的平台。服刑人员在与他者的互动中降低权威者给予的耻辱烙印,获得被害人及社会人员的的原谅认同,最终实现身体与心理的回归,消除犯罪的印记,体现出较强的去标签化功能与提升犯罪控制的功能。恢复性行刑的实现方式则彰显出其潜在功能——传承并超越于传统正义,实现了互利正义。     

Making space for restorative justice in criminal justice and criminology curricula and courses

Restorative justice, rooted in the practices of indigenous people across the globe, has grown exponentially in both theory and practice since its beginnings in Canada in the 1970s. Restorative justice has influenced the interactions between offenders and victims, helped community members address crime and develop self-efficacy, and changed the way some countries rebuild after a history of oppression. Despite these restorative justice influenced changes, many criminology and criminal justice programs pay scant attention to restorative justice in curricula. This paper will examine ways to include restorative justice in criminal justice and criminology curriculum and the challenges involved in the process. The paper will then examine how the Law and Justice Department at Central Washington University has incrementally added restorative justice components to its curriculum, culminating most recently with the addition of a Community and Social Justice course. The paper will conclude with several examples of classroom activities and assignments that have helped connect students with the theory and practice of restorative justice.     

Connecting restorative justice with gender-responsive programming

Despite the encouraging results of public opinion assessments on restorative justice, people are not likely to spontaneously suggest restorative measures after a crime. Restorative justice thus seems in need of a public relations strategy. This paper discusses the strategy labeling victims as the universal remedy to promote restorative justice, and the proposal of promoting restorative justice through the media by foregrounding crime victims in media reports on crime. This strategy stems from a belief that the most appealing aspect of restorative justice to the public is its thoughtfulness to victims. However, I will argue that there are three problems with this approach. These concern: (1) the victim’s position in both restorative justice theory and practice; (2) the characteristics of media reporting on crime in general and victims in particular; and (3) the risk of attaining a result opposite to the initial objective (i.e. increasing punitive attitudes instead of promoting restorative justice).     

恢复性司法相关理论问题探析

违法行为不仅伤害了受害人,而且破坏了社区的秩序。恢复性司法强调通过道歉、赔偿、社区服务等方式使受害人因违法行为作造成的物质损失得到赔偿,使受害人因犯罪受影响的生活恢复常态,同时亦使违法行为人通过积极的负责任的行为重新融入社区,并赢得受害人及其家庭和社区成员的谅解。因此,厘清其相关基础理论问题于构建和谐社会的司法背景有重要的实践意义。     

Restorative Sentencing: Exploring the Views of the Public

Within the past decade, restorative justice has emerged as a truly global phenomenon. Although retributive justice has dominated the penal landscape, more recently, restorative principles at sentencing have attracted increased attention. Restorative sentencing emphasizes the importance of compensation and reconciliation between victims and offenders and pays less attention to establishing proportionality between the seriousness of the offense and the severity of the sentence imposed. Although voluminous (and proliferating), the scholarly literature on restorative justice has to date neglected one critical issue: public opinion with respect to this justice paradigm. Public opinion researchers too, have generally overlooked this topic. The goal of this paper is to determine which elements of the new paradigm generate public approval, and which features are likely to encounter or provoke public opposition, drawing upon related international research published in English over the past 20 years (1982–2002). The review reveals widespread support for restorative sentencing options, such as community service, compensation, and restitution, particularly when applied to young offenders. However, it also seems clear that public support for these alternatives to punitive sentencing options declines as the seriousness of the offence increases, suggesting strong public adherence to the retributive principle of proportionality in sentencing.     

Balancing justice goals: restorative justice practitioners’ views

Despite the importance of facilitators, staff, and volunteers to restorative justice programs, we know very little about what they think about the goals of restorative justice. This paper fills that gap by reporting the findings of a survey of restorative justice practitioners in Nova Scotia, Canada. Participants rated the importance of 29 justice-related goals such as punishment and accountability. The results show how respondents distinguish between, prioritize, and balance competing justice goals. A factor analysis shows how goals cluster together revealing more depth about how practitioners understand goals, such as accountability, that have different meanings depending on the context. The findings are particularly interesting because the restorative justice program in Nova Scotia is deeply embedded in the criminal justice system. The findings speak to concerns about whether programs rooted in the mainstream system risk being diluted by dominant criminal justice system discourses. I conclude that restorative justice practitioners can prioritize the values of restorative justice in a program that is deeply rooted in the mainstream criminal justice system.