Is the Effect of Education on Voter Turnout Absolute or Relative? A Multi-level Analysis of 37 Countries

While it is well established that education is positively correlated with voter turnout at the individual level, the increased educational levels in most western countries have not caused increased voter turnout at the aggregate level. The relative education model suggests one explanation: education is only a proxy for social status and has no direct causal effect. The individual-level effect of education is conditional on the level of education in the environment. Whereas previous research on the relationship between relative education and voter turnout has largely focused on the U.S. case, this article uses comparative survey data on voter turnout to test the relative education model. It combines data from the CSES and ESS covering about 275,000 individuals in 173 country-years in 37 countries. The analysis applies a definition of relative education operationalized as each individual's education rank position in relation to the level of education of those born in the same five-year cohort in the same country. The results show that relative education has a much larger effect on voter turnout than absolute education. Moreover, relative education has a stronger effect when aggregate turnout is low.     

Type of education and voter turnout – Evidence from a register-based panel

The relationship between education length and voter turnout has been one of the most studied in the political participation literature in recent decades. However, few studies focus on education type, and most of the existing research on this topic relies on cross-sectional data. In the current study, we utilize a large register-based panel dataset to investigate the effect of education type. We find no effects of education type when investigating overall types of education, but we find substantial effects when examining a specific type of education program with a particularly high civic content.     

Education,identity, and community: lessons from Jewish emancipation

Why do some minority communities take up opportunities for education while others reject them? To shed light on this, we study the impact of Jewish Emancipation in nineteenth century Europe on patterns of education. In Germany, non-religious and Reform Jews dramatically increased their rates of education. In the less developed parts of Eastern Europe, Orthodox and ultra-Orthodox communities imposed unprecedented restrictions on secular education and isolated themselves from society. Explaining this bifurcation requires a model of education that is different from the standard human capital approach. In our model, education not only confers economic benefits but also transmits values that undermine the cultural identity of minority groups. We show that it is individually rational for agents who benefit least from rising returns to education to respond by reducing their investment in education. Group-level sanctions for high levels of education piggyback upon this effect and amplify it.     

论新时期的理想信念教育

理想信念教育应和灌输科学的思想理论,三讲教育,爱国主义教育,世界观、人生观、价值观教育,坚持学习与实践,拓宽教育渠道,更新教育方法等各个方面结合起来,使新时期的理想教育更有实效.     

城市在职青年的成人教育——基于独生子女与非独生子女的比较

本研究初步探索了城市在职独生子女与非独生子女在成人教育上的差异。尽管教育问题始终在中国独生子女研究中占据中心的位置,但是大量研究仅仅关注于常规教育。本研究表明,对常规教育以外的成人教育的研究有利于拓宽已有的研究理路,以更深入地探索独生子女与非独生子女群体的可能差异。通过对2004年中国青年发展状况调查数据的定量分析,本研究表明:独生子女与非独生子女在成人教育的动机上存在显著差异;以及独生子女与非独生子女的成人教育参与率受到不同因素的影响。     

运用移动互联网开展反腐倡廉教育

我国的移动互联网时代已经到来，反腐倡廉教育要主动融入时代潮流，积极运用现代科技，不断创新路径与方法。应根据移动互联网的实体性特点，开展个性化的教育；根据移动互联网的实时性特点，开展即时化的教育；根据移动互联网的开放性特点，开展互动化的教育；根据移动互联网的粘合性特点，开展增值化的教育。要充分发挥移动互联网在反腐倡廉教育中的重要作用，需要大力提高对移动互联网运用的重视程度，强化组织推进；需要加强资源整合，形成整体合力；需要完善监控机制，注重效果实现。     

试论主题教育活动在高职院校学生思想政治教育中的运用

高职院校应重视学生的思想政治教育,积极探索以主题教育活动为主要载体的有效途径,创新主题教育活动管理方式,利用主题教育活动形式探索高职院校学生的思想政治教育模式的创新,从而丰富校园文化生活,展现院系风采,进一步扩大主题教育影响,有力地推动高职院校学生的思想政治教育工作的有效开展。     

The Personal Vote and the Efficacy of Education Spending

In this article we explore the ways in which incentives to cultivate a personal vote affect the efficiency of education spending in developing democracies. We argue that where the electoral system provides incentives for political particularism, resources are allocated less efficiently and the effect of increased spending on literacy is diminished. We test our hypotheses using data on education spending and performance in over 40 developing democracies since 1980. We find that though personal vote systems spend just as much on education as party vote systems, particularism in personal vote systems dampens the marginal effect of increased education spending on illiteracy and at its highest levels, incentives to cultivate a personal vote completely undermine the positive effects of increased education spending on literacy.     

中职学校德育创新的探索

中职学校要提高德育工作的针对性、实效性和主动性，应在德育观念、德育内容、德育方法等方面进行创新。     

大学生学术诚信引导与廉洁文化教育的思考

学术诚信是大学校园廉洁文化教育的重要内容。本文从学术诚信与廉洁文化在大学校园的关系入手，强调学术诚信教育是大学生廉洁教育的基础，并运用具体的实例论述了学术诚信教育同时也是大学生廉洁教育的有效途径，提出了通过学术诚信引导开展大学生廉洁教育的三方面建议。     

An Empirical Test of the Relative Education Model in Sweden

Numerous studies show that education has a positive effect on political participation at the individual level. However, the increase in aggregate levels of education in most Western countries over the last decades has not resulted in a corresponding increase in aggregate levels of political participation. Nie et al. (Education and democratic citizenship in America, 1996) propose the relative education model as a possible solution to this paradox. According to this model, it is not the skills promoted by education that have positive effects on political participation. Rather, education influences individuals’ social status, which in turn influences political participation. The relative education model expects that the individual-level effect of an additional year of education will decrease as the mean level of education in the environment increases. This article evaluates this theory using Swedish election surveys (1985–2006) and it thus provides the first in depth evaluation of the relative education model outside the US. On voting and political participation related to political parties, support is found for the relative education model.     

发达国家性教育模式对中国学校性教育的启示

在全球化大背景下,学校的性教育问题引起世界各国越来越多的关注。作为性教育先行的欧洲发达国家,性教育模式也是多种多样。我国的学校性教育起步较晚,近年来,学校性教育的状况也令人堪忧。我国应当借鉴发达国家学校性教育的成果,从我国国情出发,探索出切实有效的学校性教育模式和可行性措施,这对于解决我国学校性教育现状的困境有着重要的实际意义。     

对英国全纳教育中“特殊教育需要”的评估概述

全纳教育研究是21世纪全球教育研究的焦点,世界各国纷纷有很多教育学、医学、社会学、法学等领域的专家深入研究全纳教育的理论及实践。从英国全纳教育的一个重要方面——评估入手,对早期特殊教育需要的认定和评估、在学校中对有"特殊教育需要"的认定和评估以及"特殊教育需要"评估的途径等三方面进行描述。     

Qualitative investigation of the impact of internationalization of education on host community's eating habit

Although education tourism has over the years enjoyed great attention by scholars largely because of its impact in shaping both the economic and political landscape of nations, an ample number of such studies have focused on the impact of the host community on the adaptation and survival of the sojourning foreign students or education tourists. There has been significant research into student's acculturation, mobility, and the likes, but research on the reverse impact of sociocultural interaction of these education tourists on their host communities is scarce. North Cyprus, a small island state with economic dependence on education, is a thriving host community for a substantial number of an education tourist. This study explores the influence of internationalization of education on the food consumption habit of indigenes of their host community. Data generated from a focus group of North Cyprus indigenes were used to examine how the influx of educational tourists have altered and shaped their eating behavior and culture. Current study contributes to both literature and tourism sectors by showcasing the importance of cultural transfer of education tourism.     

Human rights education in US social work: Is the mandate reaching the field?

Abstract

Social work education in the United States takes place not only in classrooms but also in the many workplaces where students complete their mandatory internships. This practicum, known as “field education,” is social work’s “signature pedagogy.” Although efforts have been made to integrate human rights education (HRE) into US social work education and the Council on Social Work Education now mandates a human rights competency, little research has examined how and whether the HRE mandate is implemented in field education. This article examines the impact of HRE on social work field education by focusing on one state—Florida. For this study, we surveyed 158 Florida field educators about their human rights knowledge and practices and conducted telephone interviews with the staff members who coordinate student internships at six social work schools. The data paint a complex picture. Although strides to foster students’ ability to apply human rights understanding in field education have been made, sustained institutional support for integrating HRE in field is needed at the university and associational level. True integration of HRE into field education will only be achieved when all educators receive the support they need to become educated on social work as a human rights practice.     

新闻通识教育的意义及发展战略研究

我国新闻高等教育在近年得到迅猛发展，然而，过于专业化的人才培养模式造成学生基础不扎实、缺乏发展潜力，难以达到新媒体时代的新要求。本文秉承大学通识教育的理念，在分析专才教育所存在的问题的基础上阐述了通识教育的必要性，并重点结合高校新闻通识教育的特色与功效，就高校新闻通识教育的定位，课程体系建设，学生培养模式等问题提出自己的思考和建议。     

大学生生命道德教育的意义

目前,生命道德教育是高校德育工作的盲区和薄弱点。高校生命道德教育的核心是珍惜生命,注重生命的质量,提升生命价值。加强生命道德教育是回归教育本质的要求,是落实以人为本科学发展观的需要,是构建社会主义和谐社会的内在需求。     

Length of compulsory education and voter turnout—evidence from a staged reform

This study estimates the impact of education on voter turnout. The identification relies on a reform, which increased the length of compulsory schooling in Norway from seven to nine years. The impact is measured both at the individual, and the municipality level. Both sets of analysis suggest that additional education has no effect on voter turnout. The impact of education on various measures of civic outcomes is also estimated. Of these, only the likelihood of signing a petition is found to be positively affected by education.     

新时期大学生科技创新精神和创新能力的培养

21世纪国际竞争日益激化,其本质就是创新型人才的竞争。创新教育是创新型人才培养的前提,而高等教育在创新型人才的培养中起着至关重要的作用,必须要从创意性的课堂教学、结合创业教育开展创新教育、依托大学科技园进行大学生科技创新素质的培养等途径,充分发挥高校对大学生科技创新精神和创新能力的培养作用。     

我国残疾人高等教育的现状与发展思考

我国残疾人高等教育面临新的发展机遇。但因为基础相对薄弱，发展面临诸多挑战。需要从高等教育价值取向、残疾人高等教育布局、师资队伍建设、教育与就业、残疾人高等教育理论研究等多方面加以改进。