完善紧急状态立法保障公民的宪法和法律权利

紧急状态是危及一个国家正常的宪法和法律秩序、对人民的生命和财产安全构成严重威胁的正在发生的或者是迫在眉睫的危险事态。如何在紧急状态时期始终坚持依法办事的原则,是衡量一个社会法治化水平的标志。为此,世界上绝大多数国家都注重通过宪法和法律来确立国家的基本紧急状态制度,以保障宪法所规定的公民基本权利,通过赋予国家机关必要的紧急权力,来建立有效的应急反应机制,迅速恢复宪法和法律秩序,最大限度地保证人民的生命和财产安全。另外,还有一些国家依据宪法关于紧急状态的规定,制定专门的紧     

Retroactive liability and the insurability of long-tail risks

This article focuses on a specific aspect of liability insurance that arises out of the latent nature of certain insured events. In particular, it is concerned with the fact that in the interval between the original tort and the claim for damages the standard of care applied by the courts may change. This is the problem of retroactive liability. The article begins by briefly reviewing the legal background to the retrospective application of liability rules. Then it formally addresses the question of how retroactive liability can be reconciled with the goals of tort law and whether retroactive liability is insurable.     

Genetic discrimination: Huntington's disease and the Americans with Disabilities Act

This Note discusses the potential for genetic discrimination, current views as to whether genetic conditions will be covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"), and the specific issue of whether presymptomatic persons who test positive for Huntington's disease should be classified as persons with a "disability" within the meaning of the ADA. In considering whether presymptomatic Huntington's individuals have a disability under the ADA, an analogy is made between Huntington's disease and HIV-positive status. Inter alia, Huntington's disease and HIV-positive status are analogous in that, at the time of diagnosis, victims of both diseases may have no symptoms and may remain healthy for a number of years; but even though the exact time of onset of both diseases is unascertainable, death of both victims within a given range of years is highly likely. Further, both Huntington's disease and HIV are transmitted to offspring at a relatively high rate. Given these similarities, the author argues that Huntington's individuals should be afforded the protections of the ADA for the same reasons that HIV-positive persons are protected.     

对女大学生就业机会歧视的法律规制

当前,我国对女大学生就业机会歧视的现象比较严重,主要表现在招收录用、职业培训、生育保险等方面.从理论上认识这种就业机会上的性别歧视,从法律制度上对之进行规制已是当务之急.因此,应该在严格执行现行法律法规的基础上,进一步完善相关法律法规,尤其是完善<妇女权益保障法>的相关规定,以保障和促进女性就业.     

Equity in assessment: discrimination and disability issues from an Australian legal perspective

Assessment equity concerns all educational authorities and practitioners. When educators consider issues of equity, their predominant concern is accommodation of students with special needs, cultural issues, and creating alternative assessment activities that have equivalence to standard activities, so as not to advantage or disadvantage any student in their demonstration of knowledge. This paper examines equity issues in assessment from a legal perspective, drawing on case history from Australia, and based in discrimination and disability law. The paper is intended to assist authorities and practitioners to understand legal implications of educational assessment in order to promote practices that reduce the likelihood of legal claims and the resultant use of financial and human resources away from educational activities. However, the discussion of cases and judgements is also intended to raise issues of whether educational providers and authorities should be more conscionable in their consideration of educational equity and assessment.     

论针对“基因歧视”立法中的特殊原则——“基因歧视”法律问题专题研究之五

鉴于基因信息的特殊之处,针对"基因歧视".的立法也必须遵循特殊的原则."不知情权"是随着基因科技的发展而新产生的一项权利,它意味着个人有权选择是否允许他人向自己披露自身的基因信息,即使个人并未做出是否接受披露的意思表示,也要视基因信息的性质来考虑是否向本人披露,以保护个人的心理健康和生活安宁."知情同意"原则意味着"基因检测"必须经过被检测者在充分知情前提下的同意.向本人隐瞒事实真相而进行的"基因检测",以及为了进行"基因检测"而秘密收集DNA样本的行为都应当受到禁止.