法视野中的我国行政改革

行政改革已成为当今世界的一种主流。行政改革是自觉转变政府职能、行政组织结构、体制结构和人员结构及行为模式的系统工程 ,它必须有法治作保证。我国行政改革中曾经出现过种种弊端 ,其根本原因在于法治化路径不明晰 ,长官意志太重。因此 ,从法治化的角度分析我国行政改革的机理及其实现的动力机制 ,具有一定的现实意义。     

Review Essays

Patrick Dunleavy: Democracy, Bureaucracy and Public Choice
Hartmut Kliemt: Papers on Buchanan and Related Subjects
George Tsebelis: Nested Games. Rational Choice in Comparative Politics
Krister Ståhlberg (ed.): Parlamenten i Norden
Erik Damgaard (ed.): Parlamentarisk forandring i Norden
Martti Noponen (ed.): Suomen kansanedustusjärjestelmä .     

“放管服”改革的行政法意义及其完善

与先前行政审批制度改革相比,党的十八大以来大力推进的"放管服"改革更加强调权力调整的动态性、整体性、系统性,其对于优化政府职责、转变监管方式、深入推进国家治理体系和能力现代化具有明显的积极意义。但此轮"放管服"改革依然沿袭了行政审批制度改革的运动化、政策化思路,并不完全符合法治政府建设的基本要求。从职权法定、监管工具的动态调整、优化公共服务的基本法则三个方面,"放管服"改革的行政法意义和合法性风险可以得到更加清晰的呈现。要提升"放管服"改革的法治品性,需要以《行政许可法》的有效实施为核心,通过设立专门的社会化的"放管服"改革委员会、激活行政许可评价制度、引入更广泛的专家和社会参与、完善试验改革的授权制度、优化规制工具分析评价制度几个方面来实现。     

国际法教学内容体系改革探讨

确定本科阶段国际法教学内容体系，应明确若干指导原则。选择教材的标准是观点的权威性、内容的涵盖的全面性、材料的完整与新颖性。为帮助学生系统掌握国际法知识，可将国际法分成相互间有明确逻辑关系的“五论”，即总论、主体论、行为论、客体论与救济论。在授课中除了注意知识点的讲解外，更重要的是要使学生确立几个基本的国际法理念，即主权观、国际法治观、人权观、可持续发展观和国际合作观，并应成为评价国际法教学效果的主要指标。     

国家机构改革的经验启示及法治逻辑

国家机构改革是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大举措,旨在优化机构配置,转变政府职能,破除市场在资源配置中的制约因素.结合机构改革的理论逻辑、历史逻辑、现实逻辑及国内外机构改革的特点,基本的逻辑结论是改革必须依法而行,在法治的轨道下渐进而动,这是我国历届改革积累的宝贵经验.大部门制通过对政府职能的优化配置嵌入在十余年的国家机构改革中,一定程度上提升了政府的治理效能,但在新的时代要求下依然面临诸多社会问题.要破除阻碍改革的诸多羁绊,必须制定或修改法律法规,建构成熟稳定的法制体系,紧扣新时代的法治生态,才能确保改革的法治化、科学化、民主化.     

公法视野下的警务机制改革问题研究

随着依法治国载入宪法,我国的法治建设迈入了高速发展阶段,现代警务在此过程中也面临种种问题,警务机制改革势在必行。实践的探索离不开理论的支撑,从法理、宪法与行政法等公法角度在制度与理论层面探析这场警务机制改革意义深远。     

综合行政执法改革与构建政府绩效评估制度

西方国家在政府绩效评估上的成功经验无疑为我国政府改革实践和政府公共管理研究开拓了新的视野,可资借鉴。在行政执法部门实行绩效评估,对于提高行政执法效率,降低行政执法成本,健全完善监督制约机制,建立权责明确、行为规范、监督有效、保障有力的执法体制具有重大的理论和实践意义。     

Editor's Note on Policy Advocacy Essays

As our legion of obviously highly observant and dedicated readers will immediately note, this issue of the Policy Studies Review is marked by the introduction of a new feature which we have chosen to characterize as policy advocacy essays. Specifically, the two essays featured in this issue—"Strategic Treasury Debt Management in Public Policy" by Campbell R. Harvey and "How the Clinton Administration Can Make Foreign Aid Work" by Neil S. Zank—are significantly different from our typical articles. They go a good way beyond the usually rather cautious recommendations for policy change that are upon occasion put forward at the conclusion of our typically quite analytical and often empirically based articles. In contrast, neither of the two essays that follow intend to be objective. Rather, both authors, as individuals with long-time expertise in the areas about which they are writing, have quite decided opinions about significant reforms in major areas of national policy which they would like to see implemented.     

In Search of Prudence: The Hidden Problem of Managerial Reform

This article argues that the concept of prudence can provide valuable insights into the problems of the New Public Management. Prudence, or practical wisdom, is the ability to make sound decisions under complex, ever-changeable conditions. Old-style bureaucracy severely limited the discretion of most administrators but preserved a site of true prudential judgment at the peak where discreet "mandarins" policed the boundary between politics and administration. The reforms that inaugurated New Public Management dismantled this site of prudence while simultaneously attempting, in effect, to disperse prudential judgment and action throughout the service. Though raising the problem of prudence, these reforms misconceived it as the problem of how to balance new freedoms with new controls to prevent abuse or folly. This essay argues that the introduction of market mechanisms, risk-management and cost-benefit techniques, ethics training, performance accountability, and calls to leadership were destined to fail because they misapprehended the problem of prudence.     

实施依法治国应当遵循的策略原则

"依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家"是我们党在新时期治理国家的一项基本方略.本文纵观依法治国的价值取向在共和国法制建设中的演变历程,对依法治国的丰富内涵作了深入分析,并提出实施依法治国应当遵循的几项基本策略原则.     

中国事业单位改革的行政法学分析

中国事业单位是在行政机关之外相对独立地承担公共服务职能的公共组织。未来事业单位主要可划分为两类,一类是公务法人,对于某些公共服务职能的履行,如果需要较大程度的独立性和灵活性,就可以把负责机构创设为公务法人;另一类是执行机构,对于一些不适合作为独立法人运作的事业单位,可以改造为附属于特定政府部门的执行机构。为保证事业单位改革方案的科学性和权威性,建议制定相关的法律或行政法规。