汽油中的毒品还原分析

目的建立汽油中海洛因的检验方法及还原方法。方法利用无水乙醇挥发汽油混合物中的汽油,通过TLC、IR、GC、GC/MS对汽油混合物中溶剂和毒品成份进行了定性定量分析。结果利用该方法对涉案检材成功进行了毒品还原及检验分析。结论该方法适合于此类案件检验。     

毒品及毒品鉴定(Ⅲ)

3　毒品检验鉴定概述毒品的检验鉴定是一种诉讼行为 ,它是在法律的规范下 ,由具有毒品鉴定专门知识的人 ,使用科学的方法 ,对涉及毒品犯罪案件的有关样品进行提取、分离、检验、最终出具结论性意见 ,为案件侦破提供线索 ,为案件审理提供证据。3 1　毒品鉴定的检材收集涉嫌毒品犯罪案件的检材类型多种多样 ,既包括可疑毒品本身 ,又涉及与毒品犯罪案件相关的一些制毒工具、运送工具、吸毒工具等。有些检材来源于涉及毒品的盗窃、抢劫、交通管制、凶杀等刑事案件和治安案件。此外 ,在破获地下制毒工厂的案件中 ,还需要对用于毒品合成的易制毒化…     

拉曼光谱快速定性分析合成毒品

目的快速定性检测合成毒品;方法利用激光拉曼光谱仪对合成毒品进行检验;结果合成毒品苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、氯胺酮、麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱均能被拉曼准确检出;结论激光拉曼光谱能对合成毒品快速定性分析。     

N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮的确证

目的 对毒品案件样本进行N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮(bk-MDMA)确证检验.方法 采用阴离子检测、颜色反应、气质联用(GC/MS)、核磁共振(NMR)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等方法对毒品案件中白色晶体样本进行剖析确证.结果 快速筛查结果提示样本为具有亚甲二氧基结构的仲胺物质的盐酸盐,经GC/MS、NMR、FTIR检验,确证样本为bk-MDMA,系3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺(3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetmaine,MDMA)的卡西酮类似物.结论 采用本文所用方法可以对毒品案件样本中N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮成分进行确证,该药具有滥用的可能性应引起相关部门的重视.     

毛发中毒品分析

毛发分析在法庭毒品分析领域有其独特的优势,很多国家的法化学实验室,毛发分析已成为毒品检测的常规操作,并已得到了法庭的承认、采纳。本文对毒品进入毛发的机制、毛发的现场勘查、毛发中毒品分析程序、毛发中毒品分析结果的评判进行了综述。简单地介绍了毛发在现场勘查中采取、包装、送检的基本方法和技术人员在操作过程中的注意事项,以及针对毛发检验中的特殊技术处理;另外,介绍了毛发中毒品分析的特点,通过分析毛发毒品的药理机制,总结出了一些高效、便利、快速的毒品分析方法,并对各种方法进行了介绍,得出了毛发中毒品分析结果的一些特点。     

生物样品中鸦片类毒品检验概述

概述了近 5年来生物样品中鸦片类毒品的检验情况 ,其中包括鸦片类毒品的主要种类及结构 ,鸦片类毒品在体内的代谢 ,LLE、SPE和SFE等提取净化技术 ,免疫测定、GC/MS、HPLC和LC/MS等检测方法。     

毒品犯罪中的金融调查体系构建与侦控

我国禁毒工作方针中“堵源截流”是禁毒工作的核心,也是关键,而“堵源截流”的客体与对象不仅仅是毒品的物质流,也包括毒资的资金流。因为毒品犯罪过程是由物质流、资金流与信息流构成的,信息流是物质流与资金流畅通的平台。其中物质流的“堵源截流”主要是要查堵毒品的来源,截断毒品的流通渠道,监控毒品犯罪的物质交易环节。这是缉毒执法部门缉毒中常用的手段和方法。实际上另一支流——资金流是否畅通对毒品犯罪的成功起着至关重要的作用,对资金流的“堵源截流”尤为关键,而这方面的侦查与控制相对薄弱。资金流的“堵源”就是追缴贩毒的非法收益的,打击洗钱犯罪活动。因为在金融机构的协助和配合下,清查毒品犯罪的非法收益,没收毒品犯罪分子的一切财产,从经济上彻     

毛细管电泳在毒品检验中的应用

毛细管电泳因其自身特性而适用于毒品检测。本文重点对毛细管电泳的五种模式在毒品检验中的应用进行了综述和比较 ,包括各自检测方法的应用范围、优点和局限。     

毒品与毛发的结合及其影响因素

毛发毒品的分析在毒品检验中具有独特优势,而毛发与毒品的结合状况及毒品聚集于毛发的机制影响其检测的准确性和灵敏性。对毒品与毛发的结合位点、毒品与毛发结合的差异性因素以及外界因素对毒品与毛发结合的影响进行了综述。     

拉曼光谱法鉴别常见毒品

目的建立一种识别毒品与其它常见白色物质的方法。方法使用激光显微拉曼光谱法对7种毒品和5种白色粉末进行了分析。结果7种常见毒品均有丰富的拉曼位移峰,可以通过其位移峰峰位的不同区分不同成分的毒品。另外,通过拉曼位移峰的峰位,还可以将7种常见毒品与5种常见白色粉末区分开来。结论拉曼光谱法适用于快速准确地识别毒品。     

Different Mechanisms of Decapitation: Three Classic and One Unique Case History

Abstract: Three classic cases and one exceptional case are reported. The unique case of decapitation took place in a traffic accident, while the others were seen after homicide, vehicle‐assisted suicide, and after long‐jump hanging. Thorough scene examinations were performed, and photographs from the scene were available in all cases. Through the autopsy of each case, the mechanism for the decapitation in each case was revealed. The severance lines were through the neck and the cervical vertebral column, except for in the motor vehicle accident case, where the base of skull was fractured. This case was also unusual as the mechanism was blunt force. In the homicide case, the mechanism was the use of a knife combined with a saw, while in the two last cases, a ligature made the cut through the neck. The different mechanisms in these decapitations are suggested.     

The 1998-1999 collaborative exercises and proficiency testing program on DNA typing of the Spanish and Portuguese Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (GEP-ISFG)

A total of 28 laboratories (labs) submitted results for the 1998 collaborative exercise and the proficiency testing program of the Spanish and Portuguese Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (GEP-ISFG) group. This number increased to 46 labs in 1999. Six bloodstains were submitted, each one with 200 microl soaked in cotton except the sample no. 6 submitted for DNA quantification which had 2 microl. One of the samples was a mixed stain. A paternity testing case and a criminal case in the 1998 trial (GEP'98) and two paternity testing cases in 1999 (GEP'99) were included and the statistical evaluation of the evidence was requested in both cases. In the GEP'99 trial, a theoretical paternity testing case was included. A total of 52 DNA genetic markers were used by the participants in the GEP'98 trial, which increased to 101 in GEP'99. Despite this increasing number of participating labs, results remained quite satisfactory. All the labs used PCR-based DNA polymorphisms with an increasing number of markers, obtaining good results. SLPs were used by a decreasing number of labs but the results indicated a good level of expertise despite the different protocols used.Good results were also obtained for mtDNA despite the difficulties presented by the samples due to the presence of length heteroplasmy in some samples in both trials. The detection of heteroplasmy should, however, be improved.Similar conclusions were reached for both, the paternity and the criminal case by all the labs. Common methodologies for the statistical evaluation of the paternity case were used and the paternity index and the probability of paternity (with an a priori value of 0.5) reported by most of the labs. Also, a great uniformity was found in the evaluation of the criminal case despite the lack of a specific hypothesis in the design of the exercise. Some errors in statistical programs or in calculations were detected in a theoretical paternity case included in the GEP'99 trial for statistical analysis.     

Hair analysis to document non-fatal pesticide intoxication cases

We reported two non-fatal cases of intoxication with pesticides namely alachlor and carbofuran. Hair stand samples were collected from two men approximately 1 year after alachlor intoxication for case 1, and 14 days after the last exposure for case 2. Hair analysis was performed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. In case 1, alachlor was detected in the 5 analysed hair segments (concentrations between 12 and 136 pg/mg) and its metabolites were not detected. In case 2, carbofuran and its main metabolite (3-hydroxycarbofuran) were detected in the hair strand (global analysis) at the concentrations of 207 and 164 pg/mg, respectively. However, additional data are required in order to interpret such results.     

The Impact of Negative Forensic Evidence on Mock Jurors’ Perceptions of a Trial of Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault

Legal concerns with regard to the adverse impact of a negative toxicological screening for date-rape drugs in a case of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) were the focus of a recent Canadian case (R. v. Alouache, 2003). To assess the impact of a negative forensic report, as well as the impact of expert testimony explaining the many factors that may contribute to a negative outcome, participants (N=171) received a written trial stimulus in which the forensic evidence (negative report, negative report plus expert testimony, no negative report and no expert testimony control) and the complainant's beverage consumption (alcohol, cola) were systematically varied. Results indicate that a negative finding in the absence of expert testimony produced greater verdict leniency and more favourable evaluations of the defendant's case. In contrast, no differences were found between the case in which the expert testified and a case in which the negative report and expert testimony were omitted.

---

     

Motherless case in paternity testing

In paternity test using the DNA evidence, the analysis of the deficient case that the DNA profiles of mother or alleged father are not available is different from that of the trio case analyzed routinely. However, the motherless case that the genotypes of mother is not available has been requested and analyzed like the trio case. In this paper, we compared the motherless case and the trio case through the mean exclusion chance describing the probability of exclusion for a genetic marker system and the distribution of the probability of paternity calculated using the three current methods. We have also shown a case which can be falsely discriminated if it were requested in the analysis of the motherless case, and conclude that the analysis of the motherless case should be carefully conducted and the level for the discrimination should be different from that of the trio case.     

Personal identification from human remains by mitochondrial DNA sequencing

The authors report four cases in which severely damaged human remains were identified by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing. Degraded DNA was extracted from highly adipoceratous tissues using the phenol-chloroform method and polymerase chain reaction amplified for sequencing of two hypervariable regions, hypervariable region 1 and hypervariable region 2, of mitochondrial DNA. They also sequenced these regions of blood samples that were obtained from the presumptive mother or sister of the human remains. The sequencing results were compared with each other and with the Anderson's sequence. It was concluded from the sequence data that a lower part of a body in case 1 and some organs in case 2 were from the same woman, and a human head in case 3 and a female body in case 4 were from the relative of a presumptive mother and a sister, respectively.     

An Investigation into Whether or Not the Class and Individual Characteristics of Five Turkish Manufactured Pistols Change During Extensive Firing

Abstract:  In order to assess whether or not the class and individual characteristics of a firearm change over time, five different makes of Turkish self-loading pistol were tested and were each fired a large number of times. The class and individual characteristics were identified for each pistol and the first fired cartridge case was compared with the subsequent consecutive 250th fired cases for each pistol. It was found that there were slight changes in some of the individual and class characteristics; however, this was not statistically significant and did not affect the ability of the firearms examiner to match the first fired case to the last fired case for each firearm tested.     

历史视野下的侦查“不立案”研究——以侦查启动的禁止性要件为分析中心

在我国现代侦查领域中，立案程序扮演着侦查启动的重要角色。在中国历史上的封建侦查领域中也存在着“立案”，但它只是启动刑讯的手续。封建社会侦查领域也存在着类似于现行立案程序的过滤机制，通过设立管辖、主体、客体、形式等方面的禁止性要件，使得侦查无从启动，从而达到“不立案”的客观效果。     

The effectiveness of an ICWA Court at achieving improved ICWA implementation and outcomes: A pre-post intervention study

This article presents findings from a quasi-experimental study of the St. Louis County (Duluth, Minnesota) ICWA Court examining its effectiveness at achieving improved ICWA implementation and a better case process and outcomes for Indian families. Using a case file review method, cases prior to implementing the ICWA Court were compared to post-ICWA Court cases on demographics, case characteristics, application of ICWA requirements, presence of parties at hearings, achievement of child permanency outcomes, and permanency timeliness. Compared to pre-ICWA Court, this study found several statistically significant improvements in the ICWA Court's handling of cases, including taking less time to confirm the case as an ICWA case, greater appearance of tribal representatives by the Dispositional review hearing stage, more active efforts findings, more placements with relatives at earlier stages of the case, more placement with relative outcomes when reunifications were not possible, and timelier permanency.     

Results of the 4th ABFO Bitemark Workshop--1999.

Thirty-two certified diplomates of the American Board of Forensic odontology (ABFO) participated in a study of the accuracy of bitemark analysis. Examiner experience as board-certified odontologists ranged from 2 to 22 years.Examiners were given sets of photographs (a cast in 1 case) of 4 bitemark cases and asked to report their certainty that each case was truly a bitemark and the apparent value of the case as forensic evidence. Participants also received 7 occluding sets of dental casts, 1 correct dentition for each case and three unrelated to any of the cases, and asked to rate how certain they were that each set of teeth had made each bitemark. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis resulted in an accuracy score of 0.86 (95% CI=0.82-0.91). Youden's index was used to determine a cutoff point for determining an accuracy score for each case. Accuracy scores were significantly correlated with bitemark certainty and forensic value (P<0.001 in both cases) but not with examiner experience (P=0.958). The use of individual ROC analysis with weighted Youden's index to calibrate individual accuracy was also demonstrated.